新概念英语语法：非谓语动词用法归纳表

PAGE14图说英语：非谓语动词的用法表

在中学英语语法中，掌握好动词的用法非常重要。非谓语动词是动词中非常重要的一部分，它们内容多，有些用法相似，不好掌握，经常被混淆用错，学习中可以通过列表比较的方法，对非谓语动词的用法可一目了然，从中找出异同，更好的掌握其用法，下面通过列表比较的方式，分析非谓语动词的主要用法。一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系非谓语动词相对谓语动词的时间意义例句一般式不定式说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want;hope;expect;wish等。Iwanttogohome.Ihopetoseeyou.说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。Isawhimcomein.Hehelpedhim(to)carrythings.一般式动名词表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。Weenjoyedseeingthefilm.Iamthinkingoftakingoverthejob.在动词insiston;relyon;counton(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。Heinsistedondoingthatwork在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on;uponafter代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。Irememberseeinghimbefore.OnarrivingBeijing,hewenttoseehisfriend.一般式分词现在分词持续性动词说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。Hestoodtherespeaking.Holdingabookunderhisarm,heenteredtheroom.终止性动词说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。Enteringtheroom,Ifoundnobodyin.Turningtotheright,youwillfindthepostoffice.过去分词持续性动词通常说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.Ican'tfindmylostpen.说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。Heisapersonwell-knowninthiscountry.代替完成式现在分词的被动语态。Educatedbytheparty,hebecameabravefighter.完成式不定式说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。I'msorrytohavetroubledyou.

Heissaidtohavecomehere.Heisthoughttohavedoneit.Heisbelievedtohavedoneit.Heseemedtohaveknownit.在wish,hope,expect,intend,mean,suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。Wewishedtohavedonethis.Iexpectedtohaveleftbythen.(=Ihadexpectedtoheavebythen.)完成式动名词说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动作先发生。Weregrethavingtoldyouthenews.Afterhavingfinishedhiswork,hewenthome.

Hedeniedhavingbroketheglasses.完成式分词说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果是hear;see或表示位置转移的动词arrive;leave;turn;open.不用完成时Havingfinishedhiswork,hewenthome.Sittingdownwithhim,webeguntodiscussit.Hearingthis,heroseandwenttothedoor.二．非谓语动词的被动语态

1.非谓语动词被动语态的意义非谓语动词意义和用法例句不定式表示被动的意义Themeetingistobeheldnextweek.Hewantedtobesenttothehardarea.有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该”．“值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语，如：nice,easy,hard,difficult,fit,suitable,good,heavy,comfortable,cheap等。Theboxisnotstrongenoughtostandthis.It'stoosmalltosee.ThereisalotofworktodoThehouseistoletatlowrent.Iamnottoblame.Housesarestilltoseek.Muchremainstodo.Thetextishardtolearn.动名词表示被动的意义Heinsistedonbeingsenttothehardarea.在动词need,require等的主动语态和形容词worth后,表示被动的意义Mywatchneedsrepairing.Thebookisworthreading.分词现在分词表示被动的意义Thebuildingbeingbuiltisaschool.Nothavingbeentold,hedidn'tknowwheretostart.过去分词表示被动的意义Heated,themetalexpands.2.一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别非谓语动词意义和用法例句一般式现在分词含有具体的意义，说明和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，一般是持续性动词Thepersonbeingcriticizedisourmonitor.完成式分词表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生，一般是瞬间动词Nothavingbeentoldaboutit,Idon'tknowhowtodoit.过去分词具有一船的意义，强调事实，说明比句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生，有时同完成式的被动词态可互换。Givenmoretime,(=Havingbeengiven)Icandoitmuchbetter.

三．非谓语动词的句法作用1.非谓语动词的句法作用一览表非谓语动词句子成分不定式动名词分词主语√√宾语直接宾语√√短语动词宾语√√宾语补语√√√介词宾语√形容词宾语√√表语√√√定语√√√状语√√同谓语√√插入语√√2.非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词意义和用法例句不定式动词不定式表示比较具体的意义，经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有时表示将要发生的动作。Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnoeasyjob.TodoitwellismyearnestdesireToseethisfilmistowastetime.Tosolvethisproblemisoutofthequestion动词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词1)形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important,difficult,easyhardpossible）Itisfoolishtoactinthisway.Itsoundsreasonabletodoitthisway.Itappearslikelyforthemtoarrive.2)动词作谓语（常见的动词有：require,cost,amuse,delight,irritate,annoyIttookmuchtimetodothis.Itmakesusexcitedtothinkaboutthat.Itneededhardworktofinishthejob.Itdoesnogoodtosaylikethat.Itdidn'toccurtometoaskhimtohelpme.3)名词作表语Itseemsapitytowastethem.ItisagreatpleasuretodothisItisagoodideatothinkthisway.动名词

动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互换Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.Swimmingisabestsportinsummer.Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.Thereisnodenyingthefact.Thereisnoneedinforminghimofit.

动名词短语作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词和名词1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有：enjoyable,good,hard,worthwhile)Itisnicetalkingtoyou.It'sfoolishbehavinglikethat.Itisuselessdoingthat2)名词作表语It'swasteoftimedoingthis.It'snogood(use)doingthat.It'sanawfuljobdoingthis.It'sfundoingthisItisnotaneasytaskdoingthiswork.3.非谓语动词作宾语成分非谓语动词意义和用法例句直接宾语不定式不定式的逻辑主语一般同谓语动词的主语一致Iwanttoreadanovel.用于该形式的常见的动词有：afford,agree,aim,apply,arrange,ask,choose,claim,decide,decline,demand,desire,determine,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,swear,threaten,wish.有时宾语省略不定式符号(常见的有：letfall,letpass,letgo,letslip,'dbetter,'drather,'dsoon,

Hemadebelievehewascorrect.动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语，则可以用先行语it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式（短语）后移作直接宾语HefounditnecessarytoworkhardatEnglish.用于该形式的常见的动词有：acknowledge,believe,consider,count,declare,deem,deny,esteem,fancy,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,know,make,prove,realize,report,see,show,suppose,suspect,take(think),understand,think.动名词动名词的逻辑主语有时同谓语动词的主语不一致Doyoumindmysmoking?

动名词（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语则可以用先行词it作形式宾语，而将动名词短语后移作直接宾语Wefoundittroublesomesolvingthisproblem.Weconsideritworthwhilespendingsometimeonthis.有一类动词后面必须跟动名词Weenjoyedstayingthere.常见的动词有：admit,abhor,acknowledge,advise,advocate,avoid,confess,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,discontinue,excuse,evade,fancy,finish,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep(on),mind,necessitate,pardon,postpone,practise,renounce,resent,facilitate,favor,miss,resist.有一类动词后面可跟动名词也可以跟不定式1)意义区别不大。Hebeganlearning(tolearn)Englishattheageoffive.常见的动词有：start,like,hate,love,continue,prefer,commence,attempt,intend,propose,decline,endure,neglect,omit,recollect,recall,bear.2)意义有区别a)rememberdoingsth记住做过某事。remembertodosth记住要做某事。b)forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事。forgettodosth记住要做某事。c)regretdoingsth遗憾做过某事。regrettodosth遗憾要做某事。d)trydoingsth试着做某事。trytodosth努力做某事。e)meandoingsth意旨做某事。meantodosth打算做某事。f)stopdoingsth停止做某事。stoptodosth停下来做某事。g)can'thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事。can'thelptodosth不能帮做某事。h)goondoingsth继续做某事。goontodosth接着做另一事。短语动词宾语动名词这一类多是动词和小品词构成的短语Heinsistedondoingthat.常见的短语有：standup,leaveoff,putoff,giveup,can'thelp(stand)不定式这一类多数是一些特定的用法。Heisabouttoleave.Hedidnothingbutplay.'dratherdosth,'dbetterdosth,'dlike/lovetodosth,

宾语宾补不定式强调动作发生的事实、将要和应该做的事Wesawhimcomein.Iaskedhimtohelpme.

Ihelpedhim(to)learnEnglish.Hearrangedformetostaythere.常见的动词有：1)省略不定式符号的动词：make,let,have,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat2)表示“致使”意义的动词：advice,cause,allow,ask,beg,drive,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,permit,persuade,remind,teach,tell,trust,urge,want,warn3)表示心理状态的动词：consider,declarefind,prove,think,know,believe,discover,feel,imagine,judge,suppose,understand.4)短语动词arrangefor,preparefor,providefor,askfor,carefor,longfor,waitfor,votefor,callon,relyon,dependon,counton动名词说明实际的情况，这种形式数量不多。Wecallthisprocesstesting.Weknowoftheearthbehavingasalargemagnet.分词现在分词强调动作进行的过程Ifoundhimcomingin.Hekepthimwaitingoutside.如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补语，分词形式不变。Hewasseencomingin过去分词表示动作已完成，同宾语是被动关系，说明动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前。have(get)表示的动作往往表示别人完成，有时这个动作可能由主语完成Wefoundhimtiedtothetree.Ihadmyhaircut.Ican'tgetthismotorstarted.如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补语，分词形式不变。Hewasfoundtiedtothetree.介词宾语不定式这一类多是一些特定的形式，IhardlyrememberwhatIdidbesidesread.Hehadnothinginmindexcepttoworkhard.Itisbettertodosomeworkthantospendthetimeidly.Thereisnowayoutthanclimbthecliff.

动名词这一类数量较多。I'mafraidofmakingmistakeswhilespeakingEnglish.Heenjoysdoingnothingbuttalkingwithher.On(assoonashearrived)arriving,hecametoseehisfriend.In(while)doingthis,helearnedalot.常见的短语：lookforwardto,beusedto,objectto,preferdoingsthtodoingsth形容词宾不定式这一类有些语法家也认为是这些形容词的原因状语。Iamgladtoseeyou.常见的形容词有：cross,angry,context,furious,happy,impatient,curious,proud,sorry,thankful,free,grateful,keen,anxio7us,eager,pone,ready,reluctant,willing,humble,jealous,miserable,(un)able,lucky，sad这一类有些语法家也认为是这些形容词的原因状语。Iamsurprisedtoseeyou.常见的过去分词有：annoyed,ashamed,astonished,bored,concerned,amazed,confuseddelighted,determined,disappointed,disgusted,displeased,dissatisfied,distressed,embarrassed,excited,fascinated,inclined,overjoyed,overwhelmed,pleased,prepared,puzzled,qualified,worried,offended,scared,thrilled,vexed动名词这一类多是一些特定的用法。Thetreeseemsliketrembling.Thebookisworthreading.Heisbusyworking.4.非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词意义和用法连系动词例句不定式表示具体的动作，表示打算、计划、命令和要求等意义有时可用appear,seem,happen等作连系动词Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.(一般同主语的形式一直)WhatIwantedtodoiswriteitdown.Theonlythingyoucandoiswaitandsee.HowamItopaysuchadebt?Suchquestionsaretobeavoided.Hewasnevertoseehisfriendagain.Whathesaidprovedtobetrue.Heseemstobeill.常作主语的名词有：aim,ambition,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistakes,plan,purpose,suggestion.动名词相当于名词，说明主语动作的情况和状态。一般是beWhatlikebestisswimminginthesea.MyjobisteachingEnglish

(MyjobistoteachthemtolearnEnglish.)Seeingisbelieving.有时同不定式可以互换Ourdutyisservingthepeople.Ourdutyistoservethepeople.分词现在分词相当于形容词，说明主语动作性质的。一般分词后不再接任何成份有时可用become;get等Itisannoyingthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.常见作表语的现在分词有：amusing,boring,charming,comforting,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,disturbing,embarrassing,exciting,pleasing,fascinating,interesting,inviting,missing,obliging,promising,puzzling,shocking,striking,surprising.过去分词相当于形容词说明主语动作的性质或状态，一般后面带介词短语，有些形容词化的过去分词前可加very.有时可用become;get;remain;appear;seem;fell;go;look等动词Heremainedpuzzled.Heappearedsatisfiedwiththat.Myworkisfinished.Mywatchisgone.常见的过去分词有：1)常见带介词about分词：annoyed,concerned,excited,pleased,puzzled,shocked,worried2)常见带介词at分词：amazed,amused,annoyed,astonished,delighted,disappointed,disgusted,displeased,dissatisfied,excited,offended,overjoyed,pleased,shocked,surprised,3)常见带介词against分词：arranged,prepared,irritated,arranged4)常见带介词for分词：celebrated,concerned,destined,disqualified,noted,prepared,pressed,qualified.5)常见带介词in分词：absorbed,celebrated,concerned,disappointed,delighted,dressed,embarrassed,engaged,entangled,experienced,interestedlost,6)常见带介词on分词：founded,based,bent,set7)常见带介词to分词：abandoned,accustomed,acquainted,addicted,adapted,committed,dedicated,destined,devoted,doomed,engaged,entitled,exposed,known,lost,opposed,related,inclined,married8)常见带介词with分词：annoyed,bored,concerned,delighted,disappointed,discontented,disgusted,displeased,dissatisfied,equipped,excited,occupied,obsessed,pleased,pressed,satisfied,socked,stunned,surroundedloaded,tormented,torture5.非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词位置意义和用法例句不定式动词不定式必须放在所修饰词（名或代）后表示将要发生，应该做的动作，说明动作在谓语动词表示动作之后，具有形容词性质。Ihavemuchworktodo.Hehasnoplacetolivein.有时根据意思的需要加介词，这时介词不能省略，因被修饰的名词是它的宾语。动名词动名词放在在所修饰的词前说明所修饰词的性质，具有名词的性质，它同所修饰的名词间不存在什么主谓关系Helookedmewithquestioningeyes.alivingroom.

一般形式分词现在分词在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后说明正在进行的动作，同它所修饰的动作存在着逻辑主谓关系asleepingboy,onthedayfollowing,foryearsrunning过去分词在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后表示被动的意思，多数不及物动词的过去分词不能用作定语，只有少数表示动作改变的动词表示在谓词动词动作之前完成alostchild,afallenleaf,retiredworkers,fadedflowersWehavenotimeleft.

Filltheblankswiththewordsgiven.短语不定式放在所修饰词后一般表示要做和应该做的动作。Heisthefirstonetocomethismorning.Ihavealotofhouseworktodoathome.Thereisalotofworktodointhecompany.Hedidn'thavethechancetogotoschoolinthepast.1)一般所修饰词是抽象名词agreement,attempt,claim,decision,decisive,determination,failure,hope,intention,need,plan,promise,refused,resolution,tendency,threat,wish2)说明被修饰词内容的名词campaign,chance,courage,efforts,evidence,fight,news,measures,move,movement,opportunity,position,power,reason,right,skill,strength,struggle,means3)跟不定式作状语的形容词生成转化来的抽象名ability,ambition,anxiety,curiosity,eagerness,impatience,reluctance,willingness分词放在所修饰词后现在分词短语有动作进行之意。过去分词短语有被动之意。Thebirdsinginginthetreeisverybeautiful.Thisisthebirdshotbytheboy.Mybrother,workinginthesouthwillbecominginafewdays.6.非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词意义和用法例句不定式表示目的，很常用。Hewenthometoseehismother.Hecametoaskaquestion.Hegotupearlyinorderto(soasto)havetimetostudy.表示结果，很常用。Shesayssowellastobringdownthehouse.Willyoubesogoodastotellhimthis?Heisnotoldenoughtodothis.

Heistooexcitedtospeakanything.表示原因，Helaughedtoseethemfalldown.Hewepttohearthenews.表示选择和比较SheopenedherlipsasthroughtospeakHewoulddieratherthangivein.表示条件Tohearhimtalk,youwouldthinkhewastiring.分词表示时间，相当于表示时间，相当于状语从句when,while。Hewentthroughthepaperswhilehavingbreakfast.Sinceleavingschool,Imethimonlyonce.常用于这些连词后when,before,while,after,since表示原因，有时同用作时间状语的分词难以分清，相当于原因状语从句because,since,for和as。Beingill,hedidn'tcome.Notunderstandingthis,heaskedtheteacheraboutit.表示条件，相当于条件状语从句if。Givenmoretime,Icanfinishthework.We'llnotattackunlessattacked.Workinghard,you'llsucceed.表示让步，相当于让步状语从句though,although。Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.表示结果，相当于结果状语从句，这种分词前通常有thus或thereby。Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.表示方式或伴随情况，分词短语没有相当的状语从句，汉译时一般译成并列复合句Theyshookhands,smilingateachother.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Helayonhisback,hislegsdrawnup.Hemadetheboysitthere,promisingtheywouldnothurthim.表示方式Hesatthere,asthoughwaiting.7.非谓语动词作同谓语非谓语动词意义和用法例句不定式不很常用Hehaswrittentwoarticlesforthejournal,onetobepublishedinthisissue,theothertocomeoutinthenext.动名词不很常用Isawmanypeopleintheroom,sometalking,somelistening.Hischiefhobby,sailingaboat,costhimmostofhissalary.四.非谓语动词的特殊形式形式非谓语动词意义和用法例句复合结构不定式forsbtodosth这种结构可用先行代词it作形式主语面将该结构后移作真正主语。Itisimpossibleformetodothis.Itisforyoutodecide.Itistimeforustodothis.Thereisalotofworkforustodo.I'dlikeyoutodoit.常引导该形式的形容词有：dangerous,easy,useful,hard,difficult,strange,astonishing,pleasant,fortunatelucky,necessary,reasonable,right,wrong,natural,interesting.with+名词或代词todosth的复合结构表示将要发生的动作Ifeelquiteeasy,withhertohelpme.It(That)is+形容词oftodosth.表示性格特征，行为表现。Itkindofyoutohelpme.常引导该形式的形容词有：absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,cruel,considerate,clever,cunning,clumsy,decent,foolish,good,honest,impudent,naughty,nice,polite,right,rude,silly,splendid,wise,wrong,wonderful,thoughtful.send,bring,take等动词表目的时，可带出自己的逻辑主语。Thekingsenttheofficialtohavealook.动名词动名词之前的名词，如果是有生命的，通常用所属格表示，如果是无生命的，则用通格表示，现在有一种趋势用名词和代词代替所有格。Hiscomingwon'thelpmuch.Idon'tmindyour(you)smoking.Theyinsistedonourstayingthere.Wearehappyabouthiscomingtoseeus.DoyourememberMarycomingtoseeyou?Iobjectedtoyousmokinghere.分词分词短语作状语时，一船没有自己的主语，其逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，但有时分词短语可以有自己的主语，由名词和代词表示放在分词短语之前，它们存在着逻辑主谓关系Hestoodtherewithhishandrising(raised).Wewalkedin,heleadingtheway.Greetingbeingover,theygotdowntobusiness.Hecriedsuddenly,tearsrollingdownhischecks.Hislegbeingbadlyhurt,hehadtostyinbed.Therebeingnobodyintheroom,wedidn'tgoin.无主语句子不定式多用于否定形式。Whystayintheroom?Whynotasktheteacher?动名词征求别人意见。Whataboutplayingbasketball?Howaboutgoingtoseeafilm?感叹句不定式多表示要发生的事。TothinkhowIstarted!Toinvitehim!Youareaskingfortrouble.分词表示的意义根据句子而定。GoingtoBeijing!Whatfor?Finishedmybook!Ihavejuststarted.其它形式不定式相当语这些疑问代词和副词引导的从句。Whattodonexthasnotbeendecided.WhatworriesmemostishowtodoitIdon'tknowhowtoleave.Weareseekingthewayinwhichtomaketheworkeasy.Itisnotyetdecidedwhethertodiscussthis.常见引导该形式的动词有：decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,remember,see,settle,think,understand,wonder分裂式不定式，被副词分开。Hewantstoreallyknowthis.动名词用do和go构成的短语。Goshopping,(hunting,fishing,swimming,walking,dancing,skating,skiing)Dosomereading(shopping,sewing,washing)分词悬浮式分词,可以和主句的主语不一致。1)admittingthat…,supposingthat…,provided(that)…,regarding,seeingthat…,concerningthat…,granted…,owingtodangle

2)talkingabout…,judgingfrom..

Judgingfromhisclothes,heisadoctor.

五.非谓语动词的否定形式形式非谓语动词位置例句一般形式不定式放在不定式符号前，如果是省略不定式形式放在动词前Iwantnottogohome.Ilethimnotgohome.Hepromisesnevertogothereagain.Hegotupearlysoasnotto(inordernotto)missthetrain.动名词放在动名词前Excusemefornotcomingearlier.分词放在分词前Notknowingthis,hedidn'tcome.Nothavingtoldwhentostart,hecamelate.特殊形式不定式主动形式否定意义Hewastooexcitedtospeak.动名词no和without引导的短语Nosmoking.Heleftwithoutsayinggood-bye附：非谓语动词专练50题：

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.Sunday,thestudentsareathome.A.BeingB.TobeC.ItisD.Itbeing2.Theboylayonhisback,histeethandhisglaringeyes.A.set；looked B.set；looking C.setting；lookedD.setting；looking3.Allthething＿＿＿＿，hisproposalisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.considered B.consideringC.toconsider D.consider4.＿＿＿＿whoshewas,shesaidshewasMr.Johnson’sfriend.A.AskingB.AskedC.TobeaskedD.Whenasking5.Hehurriedtothestation,＿＿＿the9：30trainhadalreadyleft.A.tofind B.foundC.onlytofind D.onlyfinding6.Whichdoyouenjoy＿＿＿yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?A.spendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend7.＿＿＿allmyletters,Ihadadrinkandwentout.A.Finished B.Havingfinished C.Finishing D.Tofinish8.Shehadnomoney＿＿＿abirthdaypresentforherchildren.A.tobuywith B.buying C.bought D.withwhichtobuy9.Fromthedates＿＿＿onthegoldcoin,itisconformedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.marking B.marked C.tobemarked D.havingbeenmarked10.＿＿＿＿timeandlabour,cartoonistsgenerallydrawthehandsoftheircharacterswithonly3fingersandathumb.A.TosaveB.SavedC.SavingD.Havingsaved11.O’Nealworkshard.Heisoftenseen＿＿＿heavilybeforehisteammatesstart.A.sweated B.tobesweatedC.sweating D.beingsweated12.IcanhardlyimaginePeter＿＿＿acrosstheAtlanticOceanin15days.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed13.Such＿＿＿thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut＿＿＿＿him.A.being；support B.is；tosupport C.hasbeen；supporting D.be；supported14.Doesthewayyouthoughtof＿＿＿thewatercleanmakeanysense?A.making B.tomake C.howtomake D.havingmade15.Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours＿＿inmystudy.A.lockingB.lockedC.tolockD.beinglocked16.Youwillfindtheword“psychology”＿＿＿＿under“P”inyourdictionary.A.havelistedB.listC.listedD.listing17.Sandycoulddonothingbut＿＿＿tohismotherthathewaswrong.A.admittingB.admitsC.admitD.toadmit18.WhenIcaughthimcheatingme,Istopped＿＿thingsinhisshop.A.buyingB.buyC.tobuyD.bought19.Adoctorcanexpect＿＿＿atanyhourofthedayornight.A.calling B.tocallC.beingcalled D.tobecalled20.NearlyeverygreatbuildinginBeijingwasbuilt＿

south.A.toface B.facingC.tohavefaced D.beingfacing21.Withhisson＿＿＿,theoldmanfeltunhappy.A.tobedisappointed B.disappointingC.beingdisappointed D.todisappoint22.Itwas＿＿＿＿computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.A.tohaveplayed B.playing C.played D.havingplayed23.Andthere,almost＿＿＿inthebigchair,satherlittlebrother,whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.A.havinglostB.losingC.tobelostD.lost24.AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate＿＿＿fromyounowandthen＿＿mehoweveryoneisgettingalong.A.hearing；tell B.tohear；tell C.hearing；telling D.tohear；totell25.Thestudentsareforbidden,unlesstheyhavespecialpasses,＿＿＿after11pm.A.tostayout B.fromstayingout C.stayingout D.nottostayout26.IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime＿＿＿thelastbus.A.catching B.tocatchC.havingcaught D.tohavecaught27.＿＿tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.Exposed B.Havingexposed C.Beingexposed D.Afterbeingexposed28.Mikedidn’tstart＿＿＿＿theimportanceofaforeignlanguagetillhegraduatedfromschool.A.knowing B.toknowC.know D.tohaveknown29.——Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled?——＿＿＿anewchairman.A.ToelectB.ElectingC.OurelectingD.Elected30.——WhydidBobweep?——Hecouldn’tbear＿＿＿likethatbeforethewholeclass.A.makingfunof B.beingmadefunofC.tobelaughedat D.beingmadefun31.Thestudentsexpectedthere＿＿＿morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.havebeen32.Idon’tmind＿＿＿bybus,butIhate＿＿inqueues.A.traveling；stand B.totravel；tostandC.traveling；tostand D.traveling；tostanding33.Wearelookingforwardto＿＿＿thefilm＿＿＿＿attheGrandCinema.A.seeing；toshow B.see；shownC.seeing；shown D.see；toshow34.Attheshopping-centre,hedidn’tknowwhat＿＿and＿＿withanemptybag.A.tobuy；leaveB.tobebought；leftC.tobuy；left D.wastobuy；leave35.Thepolicemanputdownthephone,＿＿＿withasmileonhisface.A.satisfied B.satisfyingC.tobesatisfied D.havingsatisfied36.＿＿＿,yourcompositionisfullofmistakes.A.Writingcarelessly B.WrittencarelesslyC.HavingwrittencarelesslyD.Beingwrittencarelessly37.Shemadeacandle＿＿＿uslight.A.give B.gaveC.togiveD.given38.——Whatdoyousupposemadeherworried?——＿＿＿agoldring.A.LoseB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing39.Iknowit’snotimportant,butIcan’thelp＿＿aboutit.A.tothink B.andthinkC.thinking D.beingthought40.＿＿severaltimes,theyoungscientiststillkeptonmakinghisexperiments.A.Havingbeenfailed B.HavingfailedC.Thoughfailed D.Becauseoffailure41.＿＿＿alloverthehillandaroundthelakearewildflowersofdifferentkinds.A.TogrowB.GrowingC.GrownD.Grow42.——Whoareyougoingtohave＿＿thisletterforyou?——Mysecretary.A.typeB.typedC.beentypedD.beentyping43.Thefood＿＿＿atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.A.cooked B.tobecookedC.isbeingcooked D.beingcooked44.Akindoldgentlemanoffered＿＿＿mybagstothetaxistand.A.hishelpcarried B.carryingC.metocarry D.tohelpmetocarry45.Youcanhardlyimaginethedifficultythewomanhad＿＿＿herchildren.A.broughtup B.tobringupC.bringingup D.tohavebroughtup46.Hewas＿＿＿today,butwasaskedtostayfor＿＿＿week.A.tohavereturned；another B.returning；onemoreC.returned；another D.toreturn；other47.——WhereshouldIsendmyform?——ThePersonnelofficeistheplace＿＿＿.A.forsendingit B.tosendittoC.tosend D.tosendit48.Icouldfeelthewind＿＿onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blown49.——Lucy,whydidn’tyoucomelastSunday?——I＿＿＿,butmyfatherwasinhospital.A.wouldB.hadC.wasgoingto