考研常见考点

考研18译炙热考点英语汉语1用词多变异2表述多抽象表述多具体3句子多被动句子多主动4句子多糅合句子多分解5句子重逻辑句子重语义6倒装7省略从多变到一致以语境为媒介!.英汉词汇均多义——义由境生SoitisabitconfusingwhenVosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromthe”Joe（ ■cIQisas,Whatthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatthenalureolluckumlcoincidence?.英语用词多替换一互文现义（近义词、指代关系）atractor.BytheageofWereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine."Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingatractor.BytheageofThemonkey'smostextraordinaryaccomplishmentwaslearningtonine,ithadlearnedtothevehicle.Therewillbetelevisionshowshostedbyrobots,andHwithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisable\hemwhenI，』offend..【真题范例】Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.[2003-61-36]而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。Scienlislsiumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakvevidence...[2010-46-31]科学家赶快用明显站不住脚的证据来救驾hebelievesthatthisverydifficulty...[2008-46-321Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness[2008-50-33]【返回】二, 从抽象到具体I.名词转换为动词词组或分句Neithersorrownorregretfollowednzypassionateoutburst.Evenanelementaryknowledgeofstatisticsissufficienttoenablethejournalisttoavoidmisleadinghisreaders..动词加入适当的宾语或转义（状语）Theremenwmfoandpublishedextensiudv、reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldau市ences、andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualea门..【真题范例】Thisseems这种观点看似ajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,iust->justify^justification在证明忽视那些经济拮据的人是正确的andarationalization■exDk）iiJ"，n〃/剥削thesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.Rational->rationalize也在证明剥削、社会上层的优越感及社会底层的自卑感是合理的。[2011-48-31]从被动到主动MarywaskissedbyJohn..若by后为动作发出者，以其为主语，将句子主动化翻译；Whatmeasureshavebeenorarebeingadoptedbythegovernmenttoreduceairpollution?.将“被”转换为“得到.受到■遭到”或“由”；ThediscoveryishighlyWDreciatedinthecircleofscience.TheApolloXIIcrewreportedthattheirspaceshipwasbeingfollowedbytwoUFOs.Thisconferenceispresidedoverbyme..可以加入虚拟主语（人们、我们）或逻辑主语（推导），将句子主动化翻译；Theareahasbeenmarkedoutforbuildingmorehotels.Interestinhistoricmethodhasarisen.Thisresearchwasconducted300yearsago.Inthisresearch,themetalshouldbeheatedtoabout3000C..可以将被动句灵活转换为判断句或祈使句（情态动词）MyfirstfortyyearswerespenlinSouthernEurope.Newsourcesofpowermustbefound.Thisproblemmustbesolved.andthiswilltaketime,butitisnotlikelyto....

.被动结构Ishouldberealized|maybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat....Itcannotbedeniedthat...IthasbeenillustratedItcannotbedeniedthat...Ithasbeenillustratedthat...Ithasbeenprovedthat...Itis(usually)consideredhat...Itisassumedthat...Itisbelievedthat...Itisallegedthat...Itisdemonstratedthat...Itisestimatedthat...Itisexpectedthat...Itisfoundthat...不可否认据说明；据图示；图中表示已经证明据（通常）估计；人们（通常）认为假定大家相信据称已经证明，文中（图中）表明据估计人们希望据发现；人们认为Itisgenerallyagreed/recognizedthat….人们通常认为Itisgenerallyagreed/recognizedthat….人们通常认为/承认Itishoped/stilltobehopedthat...Itismentionedthat...Itisnoticed/notedthat...Itisproposedthat...Itisrecommendedthat...Itisregardedthat...（我们）希望/仍希望据说人们注意至IJ/前面已经指出有人提议（指出）有人推荐人们认为ItisItisreportedthat...据报道Itissaidthat... 据说Itisstressedthat... 人们强调说Itissupposedthat... 据推测；假定Itisthoughtthat... 有人认为Itisuniversallyacceptedthat...普遍认为Itiswellknownthat... 众所周知Itiswellknownthat... 必须承认Itshouldbepointedoutthat...必须指出Itwillbeseenfromitthat... 由此可见.【真题范例】Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperation-processesofthecommonmindcanbymeansbecomparedwithscientisis,operation-processes,andIhMhaveiobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。从糅合到分解欣赏：【英】Thelastfewdayshasfoundn）cveryrestless.ThiseveningasIsatintheyardtoenjoythecool,itstruckmehowdifferentthelotuspoolIererymustlookunderafullmoon.杨宪益【汉】这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。名词性从句：主语、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句形容词从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句（时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较）1.同位语从句That...跟随在抽象名词后，详解抽象名词信息；That从句不缺失某个名词。Whether...Wearecaughtinadilemma,whethershouldview...asablessingorcurse.可前r同位语”，这……。可后： 即“同位语thattheiounudistmustunderstandthelawmoreDrofoundlythananordinarycitizen有人认为记者必须比普通人更加深刻的理解法律，但是这种观点遮且对既定惯例及媒体特殊责任的理解。但是有一种观点遮盘对既定惯例及媒体特殊责任的理解，即记者必须比普通人更加深刻的理解法律。Buttheidearestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.[2007-48-33]但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律，这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解2.定语从句.n.+which/that/who...Ipurchasedahousethatissurroundedbyariver..n.+prep.+which...Ipurchasedahousebehindwhichlocatesawell..n.+where/when...IpurchasedahousewhereImarriedmyfirstwife.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIkissedHilaryforthefirsttime.4・・・・,which/as...Asisknowntoall,everythinghastwosides.Everythinghastwosides,whichisknowntoall.A.与主句相比，若从句简短：……的”；B.与主句相比，若从句冗长，“另起语句”；C.若主句空洞，无论从句长短：……的”；D.若主从之间殖含某种逻辑关系，体现这种关系。InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-midiagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulgroups在欧洲，就像其他地方一样，传媒集团的经营越来越成功，将有业务往来的电视、广播、报纸及出版业整合在一起。whichbringtogethertelevision,radio,“ewspapersandm必〃s加〃rhousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.[2005-47-34]在欧洲，就像其他地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功，这些集团将业务彼此相关的电视、广播、报纸及出版社组合在一起。Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed—...[2005-46-34]电视是引发和传递这些情感的手段之一Wenowliveinaveryneweconomy,aserviceeconomy,whererelationshipsarebecomingmoreimportantthanphysicalproducts.[附录]现在我们正生活于一种全新的经济，即服务性经济中，各种关系越来越比物质产品更为重要。TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichlookroot加Europelongbeforepeoplerealizedlanguagescouldbehowdiverse.[2004-61-35]希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。While........Although...,...As・・・,・・・♦Youngasheis,hehasalready7wives.Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempitorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.[06-48][07-50][08-48][09-48][H-47]【返回】从逻辑到语义Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingdesks,ratherthanwritinghasended..正义反译；反义正译Youhavelivedudt。thepublicexpectation.动词：fail,miss,liveupto,ignore,overlook,excludeEscapeone'sattention名词：absence,failure,refusal,ignorance,形容：befarfrom...双否：no...but..Thereisnomanbuthavefault.HeaddshumblythatperhapshewasSuperiorto」hecommon门ivofmzninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully."他谦虚的补充道，有可能自己“在注意到容易被人忽视的事物并对其仔细观察这两个方面优于常人[2008-49]Icannotdoit.Icannotaffordtodoit.Besuperiorto・・・Ha、'ethesuperiorityover・・・・Beinferiorto・・・AispreferabletoB.AisseniortoB.AisjuniortoB..特殊结构选择关系多少关系moreAthanB;lessBthanA;notsomuchBas/butA完全否定nomoreAthanB,notAanymorethanBnoAanymorethanB.否定递进muchless,stillless,tosaynothingof,nottospeakof,nottomention,letalone区分形近词Nothingbut(elsethan)Anythingbut(elsethan)Mr.Fuisnothin〉but(only)ahooligan.Mr.Fuisanythingbut(except)ahooligan.Itwasacuriousexchangey|essadebatethanaquarrelbetweentwoaggressivemen,eachofwhomdeterminedtoimpresstheaudienceasmorepeacefulthantheother.这是一次奇妙的交谈，与其说是两个好斗的人之间的一场辩论，还不如说是一次吵嘴，双方都竭力想使听众觉得自己比对方更爱和平。Thereisn(reasonanyoneshouldlimithowmanyhoursyouspendonstudyeveryday,thantheycanlimithowmuchphysicalexerciseyoudo.Heknowslittleofmathematics,andstilllessofchemistry.Theyoungman'sfailureintheNETEMisnothingelsethanhislaziness.Hisfailurewasduetonothingelsethanhisowncarelessness.【返回】从倒装到顺畅.语法倒装部分倒装：Only强调状语开头，…否定意义的状语开头倒装：状语开头；谓语r移动”或“处所”；主语不是代词。Undertheamusingappearanceofthecartoonliesatruththat[Onlygradually]theby-productoftheinstitutionwasnoted,and[onlymoregraduallystill]thiseffectwasconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductofthe■RuHMisconductMisdeedDelinquency[2009-47-32]人们只是逐渐的才注意到机构这一副产品，而人们把这一作用视为机构运作的知道因素的过程则更为缓慢。and[perhapsneverbefore]ithasservedsomuchtoconnect