考研英语备考精华策略

备考策略.记忆单词单词是英语学习的基础之基础，相信大家都深有体会，不论是在听力、阅读遇到生词还是在写作翻译中你想写却又写不出单词时，感觉是非常糟糕的。所以一本权威的四级词汇书是必备，建议大家在备考的八周时间内，拿出充分的时间，每天定量采用词根词缀联想记忆+循环记忆的方法进行记忆。.背诵语法有些同学会发现单词我都认识，为什么我还是不能理解一句话的意思？那是因为句子成分之间的逻辑关系没有理顺，也即语法没有掌握。语法是理解句子尤其是长难句、复合句的关键，所以必要的语法知识，句子成分分析无论在阅读、翻译还是作文中都非常重要。虽然备考时间紧迫，不允许大家详细记忆每一个语法，但是背一本简单的语法书是十分必要的。.背诵万能句和范文我们可以利用早上或者晚上吃饭的时间，花半个小时去朗读一些文章或是背诵些作文,培养下自己的语感。时间久了之后，你自然而然就会形成一种语感。这个题你可能说不出来这么做的原因，但是你的语感就可以帮助你正确的做对这道题。此外，关于背作文，我们可以适当的背一些范文，但不要过度依赖，不要只准备预测作文。预测的目的并不是在考场上直接把这篇文章写上去，而是学习多篇文章中的亮点句型，也就是一些通用的万能句，找到它们中的共性之后，形成自己的框架，然后进行写作。在多写几遍之后，你就能掌握这个框架了。写作在后期的复习中是提升空间最大的部分。等你上了考场之后，就可以迅速的调动出自己储存的这些信息，然后根据题目的要求进行适当改编，那就是一篇比较好的美文了。.大量做模拟题并分析真题题感和题速需要用一定的题海战术中积累，所以多做模拟题和冲刺题是查漏补缺和熟悉考试流程的最好办法。注意：大家在做题时应严格按照每部分考试规定时间答题、对答案、算分数、自己估分，并积累错题，总结出各部分适合自己的答题顺序和答题技巧。相比模拟题，真题更加宝贵，应珍惜使用。建议大家在刚开始复习时做1-2套真题找方向，中间拿大量模拟题练手，最后冲刺1-2周内再拿真题做模拟考试，并认真分析真题规律。与模拟题不同，我们还要分析出真题题目的共性，总结出频高频词汇和考试方向。一、词汇部分（意义+读音+拼写）根据四级的考试大纲来看四级考试需要4000左右的词汇，1000个常用的复用式词汇，那么面对如此多的词汇量我们应该如何进行记忆呢。1、买一本单词书（新东方红宝书等），每天100个单词把中文意思一定要背过会拼写，争取在一个月内把约4000（5500）个单词全部过一遍有个大体印象。将重难点单词，标记出来。2、将单词开始背第二遍，这一遍要求记牢，无论中文意思还是拼写都要记住。每天150个以外，还要背一些词组单词永远是最重要的，单词量不过关什么也不行。同样，还是没有记住的再一次标记出来。3、再将单词从头至尾背一遍，直到考试，单词至少要背三遍。掌握拼写，另外，将所做的阅读真题里的陌生单词都整理到笔记本上，不要写中文意思只写英文然后每天有空拿出来背一背，效果显著，单词是基础。四级核心词汇1-100.alterv.改变，改动，变更/change（例）Theseclothesaretoolarge;theymustbealtered.这些衣服太大，得修改..burstvi.,n.突然发生，爆裂4、例）Theyburstoutlaughing.他们突然大笑起来.搭配）aburstoflaughter突发的笑声.disposevi.除掉;处置;解决;处理（of）/dealwith（例）Wehavetodisposeofthispileofoldpapersandmagazines.我们得把这堆旧报纸和杂志处理掉（例）Manproposes.Goddisposes.谋事在人，成事在天..blastn.爆炸;气流vi.炸，炸掉（例）Theblastfromthebombblewoutallthewindowsinthearea.炸弹爆炸的冲击波震破了这个地区的所有窗户.（例）They'veblastedawaytherocktobuildthenewroad.他们已炸掉这块岩石以便修一条新的路..consumevt.消耗,耗尽;消费（例）Hisoldcarconsumedmuchgasoline.他的旧汽车耗油很多..splitv.劈开;割裂;分裂a.裂开的（例）Wesplitthewoodintolongthinpieces.我们把木头劈成长长的薄片..spitv.吐（唾液等）;唾弃（例）Hespatintotheriver.他把痰吐到河里.spillv.溢出，溅出，倒出（例）1spiltthecoffee-itspiltallovermybook.我洒了咖啡,溅了我一书.9.slipv.滑动,滑落;忽略Slippern.拖鞋（例）Sheslippedonthewetfloorandfell.她滑倒在湿地板上了.lO.slidev.滑动，滑落n.滑动;滑面;幻灯片（例）Shefelloverandslidacrosstheshinyfloor.她跌倒了,滑过了发亮的地板.（^J）haveaslideontheice在冰上滑行.bacterian.细菌.breedn.种，品种v.繁殖，产仔（例）Theislandersareastrongbreedofpeople.这些岛上的居民是一种体格强壮的人.（例）Someanimalswillnotbreedincages.有些动物在笼子里不产崽..budgetn.预算v.编预算，作安排（搭配）agovernmentbudget政府预算（例）Weshouldlearnhowtosavemoneybybudgeting.我们应该通过安排开支而节省钱14.candidaten.候选人；竞选者；竞聘者（例）Heoffershimselfasacandidateforthechairman.他自荐为主席候选人.15.campusn.校园（搭配）在校园中oncampusCompetitorn.竞争对手.transformv.转变,变革;变换（例）Shetransformedtheroombypaintingit.她油漆了房间使它为之一新..transmitv.传播,播送;传递（例）TheWorldCupfinalisbeingtransmittedlivetooverfiftycountries.世界杯决赛现正向五十多个国家作实况转播..transplantv.移植（例）Thedoctorsucceededintransplantingakidneyfromonetwintoanother.医生成功地把挛生儿之一的肾脏移植到另一人身上..transportvt.运输，运送n.运输，运输工具（例）Thegoodsweretransportedbytrain.货物是用火车运来的..shiftv.转移;转动;转变（例）Thewindshiftedtothenorth.风转向北吹.（例）ShallIshiftthechairs我把椅子移动一下好吗.varyv.变化,改变;使多样化（例）Theweathervariesfromdaytoday.天气一天天变化..vanishvi.消灭，不见（例）1thoughtitwouldrain,butthecloudshavevanishedandit*safineday.我原以为天要下雨的,可是云消失了，是个好天.24.swallowv.吞下，咽下n.燕子（例）Sheswallowedsomemilk.她咽下几口牛奶.25.suspicionn.怀疑，疑心（例）Suspicioncreptintohismind.不由得他不产生怀疑.（搭配）abovesuspicion无可置疑undersuspicion受到怀疑26.suspiciousa.怀疑的，可疑的（例）1amsuspiciousofthatwoman.我很怀疑那位妇女..milda.温暖的，暖和的;温柔的，味淡的（例）Theweatherismildtoday;itisneitherhotnorcold.今天天气很温暖,不冷也不热..tendera.温柔的;脆弱的（例）atendermother慈母atenderexpressiononherface她脸上温柔的表情tenderflowers柔弱的花朵.nuisancen.讨厌（的人或事物）（例）Whatanuisance!Fveforgottenmyticket.真讨厌，我忘记带票了.insignificanta.无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的（例）in-无+significant有意义的，意义深长的-〉无关紧要的;无用的.acceleratevt.加速，促进accelerationn.加速acceleratinga.加速的（例）Nooneknowshowtoacceleratetherateofgrowth.没人知道如何提高生长率..absolutea.绝对的，无条件的浣全的absolutelyadv.（例）Youareanabsolutefool!你是个十足的傻瓜！.boundaryn.分界线，边界（例）这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线..braken.刹车,制动器v.刹住（车）（例）Hisbrakesfailedonasteephill.他的车闸在陡峭的山坡失灵了..catalogn.目录（册）v.编目（例）Itisthecatalogofallthebooksinthelibrary.这就是图书馆里所有书籍的目录..vaguea.模糊的，不明确的（例）avagueidea模糊的想法（彳列）HewasalittlevaguewhenIaskedwhathadhappened.我问他出了什么事时，他一无所知..vainn.徒劳，白费（例）Allourworkwasinvain.我们所有的工作都白费了..extincta.绝灭的，熄灭的（例）Someofthespeciesofbirdsareextinct.有几种鸟类已经绝种了..extraordinarya.不平常的，特别的,非凡的（例）Whatanextraordinaryidea!多么离奇的想法！.extremea.极度的，极端的n.极端，过分.agentn.代理人，代理商;动因，原因（例）Myagenthaspowertosignmyname.我的代理人有权代我签字.（例）Rainandsunaretheagentswhichhelpplantstogrow.雨水和太阳是促使植物成长的因素..alcoholn.含酒精的饮料，酒精（例）1nevertouchalcohol.我从不饮酒..叩pealn./vi.呼吁，恳求（例）Thegovernmentisappealingtoeveryonetosavewater.政府呼吁每个人节约用水..appreciatevt.感谢，赏识，欣赏（例）1appreciateyourhelp.我感谢你的帮助.（例）Doyouappreciategoodwine你会鉴赏好酒吗.approvev.赞成，同意，批准（例）1don'tapproveofsmoking.我不赞成抽烟.（例）Myparentsdon'tapproveofmesmokingcigarettes.我的父母不准许我吸烟.46.stimulatevt.刺激，激励（例）Praisealwaysstimulateshimtomakegreaterefforts.表扬能激励他更加努力..acquirevt.取得,获得;学到（例J）SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.她认真学习而精通英语..accomplishvt.完成,到达;实行（例）1accomplishedtwohours*workbeforedinner.我在吃饭前完成了两小时的工作.（例）loaccomplishapurpose达到目的.networkn.网状物;广播网，电视网;网络networkofrailroads铁路网（例）Thetideisdown.潮退了.（搭配）swim/gowithwiththetide顺应潮流，随波逐流.tidya.整洁的，整齐的（例）Whatatidyroom!多么整洁的房间呀！.tracevt.追踪，找到n.痕迹，踪迹（例）Theytracedthecriminaltoahouseinthecity.他们追踪罪犯到了城里的一座房子里.（例）Theysearchedthebuildingbutdidnotfindanytraceofthecriminal.他们搜查了这座楼房,可是没有发现罪犯的一点踪迹..torturen./vt.拷打，折磨（例）Shediedundertorture.她受严刑拷打致死..wandervi.漫游，闲逛（例）Thechildrenwanderedinthewoods.孩子们在森林里漫步..waxn.蜡（例）Candlesaremadefromwax.蜡烛是蜡做的..weavev.织，编（例）1woveamat.我编了一张席子..preservev.保护，保存，保持，维持（例）TheTownCouncilspentalotofmoneytopreservetheoldcaslle.市政委员会花了不少钱来维修那座古城堡.（例）Youcanpreservemeatorfishinsalt.你可以用盐保存肉或鱼.（例）Itisoneofthedutiesofthepolicetopreservepublicorder.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序.abusev.滥用,虐待;谩骂（例）Hewaschargedofabusingaprivilege.他因滥用特权而被起诉.academica.学术的;高等院校的;研究院的（例）Thequestionispurelyacademic.这是一个纯学术性的问题.academyn.（高等）专科院校;学会（｛?!j）anacademyofmusic音乐学院（例）AcademyAward金像奖batteryn.电池（组）（例）Ourbuswon'tstartbecausethebatteryisflat.我们的大客车发动不起来了，因为电池坏了.barriern.障碍;棚栏（例）Thepoliceputabarrieracrosstheroad.警察设了路障.cargon.（船，飞机等装载的）货（例）WesailedfromPerthwithacargoofrawion,我们装着一船生铁从佩思启航.careern.生涯，职业（例）Mygrandfatherwasacareerteacher;it*stheonlyjobhe*deverdone.我祖父教了一辈子书，教书是他所干过的唯一的工作.vesseln.船舶;容器,器皿;血管（例）Thereweremanyvesselsintheharbortoday.今天港口有许多船只.（例）Apotisavesselforholdingfood.锅是盛食物的器皿.verticala.垂直的（例）Wallsareusuallyvertical.墙通常是垂直的.obligev.迫使,责成;使感激（例）Thepoliceobligedhimtoleave.警方强迫他离开.obscurea.阴暗，模糊（例）Isthemeaningstillobscuretoyou你觉得意思仍然不清楚吗extentn.程度，范围，大小，限度（例）1agreewithyoutosomeextent.我部分地同意你.（例）Whatistheextentofyourgarden你的花园有多大exteriorn.外部，外表a.外部的，外表的（例）Painttheexeriorwallsofthehouse.给房子的外墙刷漆.externala.外部的，外表的,外面的（例）Externalcausesbecomeoperativethroughinternalcauses.外因通过内因而起作用.petroln.汽油/petroleumn.石油manufacturevt.制造，加工Manufacturingn.制造业Manufacturern.制造商delayvt./n.推迟，延误，耽搁（例）Theletterwasdelayedthreedaysbythetrainaccident.这次火车事故使这封信耽搁了三天.decayvi.腐烂，腐朽（例）Sugarcandecaytheteeth.糖能蛀蚀牙.decenta.像样的，体面的（例）adecenthouse一所像样的房子routen.路;路线;航线（例）Wecamebyalongerroutethanusual.我们走了一条比通常要长的路来的.ruinv.毁坏，破坏n.毁灭JpL］废墟（例）Shepouredwaterallovermypainting,andruinedit.她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了.（例）Wesawtheruinsofthechurch.我们看见了这座教堂的废墟.saken.缘故，理由（例）Neverdowrongforthesakeofmoney.绝不要为金钱而做坏事.（搭配）forthesakeof为了…好处;为…着想，为了…缘故satelliten.卫星（例）Theyreceivetelevisionpicturesbysatellite.他们通过人造卫星接收电视图像.scalen.大小,规模;等级;刻度（例）Theyarepreparingforwaronalargescale.他们正在大规模地备战.templen.庙宇tediousa.乏味道，单调的，（例）Theworkistedious.这工作令人厌倦.tendvi.易于，趋向（例）Peopleunderstresstendtoexpresstheirfullrangeofpotential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力.tendencyn.趋向，趋势tendtodo 倾向于做…/打算做…（例）Pricescontinuetoshowanupwardtendency.物价呈持续上升趋势.ultimatea.最大的，最终的/finaln.极端（例）What'syourultimateobjective你的最终目标是什么undergovt.经历，遭受（负面的，消极的事情）Experiencevt.经历…（中性词）；n.经历（可数）；经验（不可数）abundanta.丰富的，充裕的,大量的（例）Iraqisabundantinpetroleumdeposits.伊拉克石油储量丰富.adoptv.收养;采用;采纳（例）Theyadoptedourmethods.他们采用了我们的办法.bachelorn.学士，学士学位;单身汉（例）Heremainedabachelorallhislife.他终生未娶.（例）AreyouaBachelorofArts你是文学学士吗casuala.偶然的，碰巧的;临时的;非正式的trapn.陷阱，圈套v.设陷阱捕捉（例）Thepolicesetatraptocatchthethief.警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套.（例）Theyweretrappedintheburninghotel.他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里.vacanta.空的，未占用的（例）Ifthatroomisvacant,wecanpracticethere.如果那个房间空着,我们可以在那练习.vacuumn.真空，真空吸尘器（例）Hiswife'sdeathlefthimavacuuminhislife.他妻子的去世使他的生活变得空虚.orala.口头的，口述的，口的Writtena.书面的；手写的（例）Hewilltakeanoralexamination.他将接受口试.opticsn.（单，复数同形）光学（例）TheoptictheoryoriginatedwithEinstein.光学理论是爱因斯坦首创的.organn.器官，风琴（例）Theheartisavitalorgan.心脏是维持生命必须的器官.（例）Heplaystheorganinchurch.他在教堂弹奏风琴.二、Phrases四级核心短语50atthethoughtof一想到・・・asawhole就整体而论atwill随心所欲（be）abundantin富于，富有access（to）能接近，进入，了解byaccident偶然地意外ofone'sownaccord自愿地，主动地8.inaccordwith同…一致9.withoneaccord一致地10.inaccordancewith1.inconformitywith同…——致2.accordingto根据11.onone/sownaccount1.foroneself为自己independently独立地.take.,.intoaccount仔细考虑.givesb.anaccountof叙述,描述，说明，解释（理由）.accountfor1.explain解释；说明…的原因2,说明（钱等的）用途beresponsiblefor负责occupy；amountto（数量）占；共计达15.onaccountofasaresultof；becauseof因为16.onnoaccount决不0.accuse…of…谴责;控告.beaccustomedto习惯于（to后面接名词、动名词或动词原形）.beacquaintedwith认识，熟悉，了解；befamiliarwith.acton/upon1.exertinfluenceon产生影响2.follow;behaveaccordingto遵照（行事）adaptoneselfto(=adjustoneselfto)使自己适应于adapt…(for)〜sth(forsth):使某事物适合於新的用途、情况等；修改某事物inaddition(=besides)此外，又,加之inadditionto(=aswellas,besides,otherthan)除，••夕卜adhereto1.stickto粘住2.followsteadily；befaithfulto坚持；忠实于adjustto1.becomeusedto适应于2.changesth.tofit调整；调节admitofleaveroomfor容许；有…的余地；有…可能inadvancebeforehand事先；预先haveanadvantageoverbeinabetterpositionthan占优势takeadvantageofuseforone4sownbenefit利用agreewith1.havethesameopinionas；approveof同意suit；begoodfor适合；适宜coincidewith；bethesameas相一致；相等approveof赞成agreetoapprove；consent同意；赞同；接受(想法、计划、建议等)inagreementwith按照(与…一致，与…相符合，符合，与-一致)aheadof在…前面，先于intheair1.unsettled；uncertain未确定的2.goingabout流传aboveall1.especially；beforeeverythingelse尤其2.mostimportantofall最重要的是inallaltogether共计afterall1.everythingbeingconsidered毕竟；总之2.nevertheless；inspiteofwhathashappened至lj底notatallnotintheleast一点也不；根本不allowfor1.takeintoconsideration考虑到；体谅到；对…让步2.providefor；haveroomfor；Permit供给；允许amountto1.makeatotalof，总计signify；meanequalto表示；有重要性；等于achievesuccess；developinto有成就；发展为answerfor1.beresponsiblefor对，,,负责2.bepunishedorblamedfor因…而受罚；因…而受责备answerto1.correspondto；beinaccordancewith符合；相符；——致2.respondto；replyto对…做出反应;听从anxiousaboutworryingabout担心；担忧apologize,apologise(tosb)(forsth)makeanapology道歉；赔不是appealto1.attract；seemgoodto有感染力；有吸引力lookforsupportinsth.求助于；诉诸于makeanearnestrequestof向.・•提出，恳求48.applyto1.makeaformalrequesttosb向某人或某机构提出请求befitfor；besuitablefor适用于；适合bringorputintouse实施；应用approveof1.agreeto；giveconsentto允许2.like；beinfavourof赞成arisefrom/outofresultfrom由…而引起；由…而产生备考重点语法补充语法一：时态、语态时态一般现在时：S+do/am/is/are一般过去时：S+did/were/was一般将来时：S+will/shalldo;begoingtodo现在进行体：S+am/is/are+doing过去进行体：S+were/was+doing一般将来进行时：S+will/shallbedoing现在完成体：havedone/been过去完成体：haddone/been将来完成时：will/shall+have+done/been现在完成进行体:havebeendoing过去完成进行体:hadbeendoing将来完成进行时：will/shallhavebeendoing记忆这部分时应重点学会区分助动词、实意动词(延续性动词、非延续性动词)、系动词。选择运用时态时应注意把握语义及时间标志的提示。Suchcrimesmaybesocomplexthatmonthsoryearsgobybeforeanyone them.(2002年12月)A)discoversB)discoveredC)willdiscoverD)wouldhavediscoveredInfact,PeterwouldratherhaveleftforSanFranciscothaninNewYork.(2002年6月)A)tostayB)stayingC)stayedD)havingstayedTherehasbeenagreatincreaseinretailsales,?(2002年6月)A)doesthereB)hasn'tthereC)isn'titD)isn*tthereTheboyspentasmuchtimewatchingTVashe studying.(2002年1月)A)doesB)hadC)wasD)didThearticlesuggeststhatwhenaperson underunusualstressheshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawell-balanceddiet.(2002年1月)A)is B)wereC)beD)wasBytheendofthismonth,wesurely asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.A)havefoundB)willbefoundC)willhavefoundD)arefindingTheconferenceafullweekbythetimeitends.A)musthavelastedB)willhavelastedC)wouldlast D)haslasted—“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Wil1iamsatfiveo,clocktonight?” "I'msorry.M.Williams toaconferencelongbeforethen.(2000年6月)A)hadgoneB)wouldhavegoneC)hasgoneD)willhavegoneSheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshetoolong.(2000年1月)

A)hasbeenreadingB)hadreadC)isreadingD)readThecarelessmanreceivedaticketforspeeding.Hehavedrivensofast.(2002年12月)A)can'tB)mustn'tC)wouldn,tD)shouldn,tInvestigatorsagreedthatpassengersontheairlinerattheverymomentofthecrash.(2002年6月)A)oughttodieB)musthavediedC)mustbedyingD)shouldhavedied12.Youhimsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.(2000年6月)A)shouldn,thavebeenfollowingB)couldn，thavebeenfollowingC)mustn'tfollow D)shouldn,tfollowbytheendofthisyear.Theconstructionofthelaboratorybytheendofthisyear.willhavecompleted B)willhavebeencompletedC)willbecompleted D)willcompletedJackhasjustphonedtosaythathebacktillSundaynextweek.doesn,tcomeB)willcomeC)hasn,tcomeD)isn'tcomingTaketheumbrellaincaseit.A)israiningB)isgoingtorainC)rainsD)willrainBytheendoflastyear,Iinthisuniversityfortenyears.A)hadworked B)workedC)wasworking D)wouldworkPickmeupat9o'clock.Imybathbythen.A)canhavehadB)willhavehadC)willbehavingD)mayhaveIaglasswhileIthedinner.broke…wascookingB)wasbreaking…wascookingC)wasbreaking…cooked D)broke…cookedaMichaelleftfor“Oh,IthoughtheA)hadn'aMichaelleftfor“Oh,IthoughtheA)hadn'tbeengoingIthasbeenalongtimesincetheylasteachother.wasn*tgoingC)isn'tgoingD)won'tbegoingtimesincetheylasteachother.A)weremeetingB)weretomeetmet D)meet1.2语态1)及物动词、动词短语的宾语做主语。一般说来，表示被动意义要用被动态，构成被动态的动词必须是vt或vi+prep,不及物动词是没有被动态的。Eg.Lilywipedthedesksthreetimesthismorning.fthedeskswerewipedthreetimesthismorning.Eg.thedrug-pushermadeuseofthelittleboytocarrydrugsforhim.Thelittleboywasmadeuseofbythedrug-pushertocarrydrugsforhim.

2)主动态表示被动意义。英语里有些不及物动词在SV(A)结构中却含有被动意义，用来表示主语的某种特征、属性。Eg.ThesoupsmellssogoodthatIcannotwaittohaveatry.Thesongsheissingingsoundsgreat.3)接双宾语的动词短语被动形式。Eg.Lilyalwaysgivesahandtoallofthefriendswhoneedahelp.-*1)AhandisalwaysgivenbyLilytoallofthefriendswhoneedahelp.-2)AllofthefriendswhoneedahelparealwaysgivenahandbyLily.Theshirtsmooth.A)isfeltB)isfeelingC)feelsD)istobefeltLargesumsofmoneyeachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges,ships,andotherexposedstructures.A)havetobespentB)havespentC)havetospendD)spend3.Theproblem.is04.A)C)5.A)6.A)discussedB)beingdiscussedHeissaidtocomebacktohavecomeTheradionowisadifficultone.3.Theproblem.is04.A)C)5.A)6.A)discussedB)beingdiscussedHeissaidtocomebacktohavecomeTheradionowisadifficultone.istobediscussedD)tobediscussedhomefromabroadlastweek.backbyisbeingrepairedHislatestnovel.issoldB)sold7.BytheendoflastwasbeingcompletedC)hadcompletedB)comebackD)comingbackrmyyoungersisterrightnow.repairedC)beenrepairedD)beingrepairedwell.istosellingD)sellsyearthegymnasium.B)hadbeencompletedwouldbecompletedShetoldmethatherproposal.A)neededtobetakenintoconsiderationB)neededtohavetakenintoconsiderationC)neededtotakeintoconsiderationD)neededtobetakingintoconsideration9.Weallsuggestthathisadvice.adoptsB)isadoptedC)wasadoptedD)beadoptedIt'spayday,andwe'rewaiting.A)tobepaidB)tohavepaidC)tobepayingD)forpayingThislawthenumberofaccidentscausedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygotoffthebus.C)intendingtoreduceD)12.ThenewtypeofmachineisgoingtoturnoutC)isgoingtohaveturnedintendsreducingB)intendedC)intendingtoreduceD)12.ThenewtypeofmachineisgoingtoturnoutC)isgoingtohaveturnedisintendedtoreduce

theyearafternext.B)isgoingtobeingturnedout

outD)isgoingtobeturnedoutThework,wehadagooddrinkforcelebration.A)haddoneB)hadbeendone

C)havingdoneD)havingbeendoneIsupposethatwhenIcomebackinfiveyear*stime,alotofbuiIdingshere.willhavebeenbuiltwillbebuiltwillhavebeenbuiltwillbebuiltC)willhavebuiltD)willbebuildingJackajobinafactory,butherefusedtotakeit.hasbeenofferedB)wasofferedC)offeredD)hadofferedC)offeredD)hadofferedHesaidsuchathingtohappen.oughtnottohaveallowedB)oughtnottobeallowedC)oughtnottobeallowingD)oughttobenotallowedHehasmadeitknowthatmuchofhiscollectiontotheNationalLibrary,hasleftB)istoleaveC)leavesD)istobeleftBeforeliberation,myfatherwasmadeallday.A)toworkB)workingC)workD)workedShein1970.marriedB)gotmarriedC)wasmarriedD)didmarryOntheruinsoftheoldbombedsiteagoodmanymodernbuildingsandasupermarket.arestoodB)havebeenstoodC)standD)standing二、句子结构与成分分析句子结构一、句子主干(简单句)：S+be+P(n./pron./a.)：sheismymother;sheisbeautiful.S+VI:shestandsupsuddenly.S+vt+0:shetookabaghome.以上三类简单句+定语、状语、补足语二、复合句：2.1简单句+简单句(连词的使用：并列、递进、转折等)Eg：lilylikesplayingvolleyballbuttomlikesplayingbasketball.2.2简单句+with结构/独立主格(主语不同)Eg,2.2.1with结构lilyridestoschooleverydaywithmanybirdssingingoverherhead.lilyridestoschooleverydaywitharedbagtiedtoherback.2.2.2独立主格lilyridestoschooleveryday,aredbagtiedtoherback.lilyridestoschooleveryday,manybirdssingingoverherhead.Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.Thefloor(being)wetandslippery,westayedoutside.2.2.3区别于分词状语(主语相同)lilyridestoschooleveryday,singingbeautifulsongs.lilyridestoschooleveryday,seenfromthewindowbyMsGrace.2.3简单句+从句顾名思义：从句是指从属于主句的完整句子，对主句有补充说明、修饰或限定的作用。可分为名词性从句(主语从、宾语从、表语从)、限定性从句(定语从句)、状语从句(时间状从、地点状从、原因状从、方式状语从、让步状从等)。句子成分名词性成分：.主语、主语从句主语1)名词、代词、数词做主语Eg：manystudentsarereluctanttolearninEnglishafterclass.2)动名词、不定式做主语Eg：1.singingonthestageismuchdifferentfromathome..todoornottodoisaquestion..Tocompletethe30-storiedbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.3).it作形式主语Eg：itisverydifficulttocompletethe30-storiedbuildinginoneyear.1.2主语从句：当单个名词、代词、it等单个词不足以代指主语时，用句子来替换主语成分,使主语成分更饱满。(1)弓I导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,whom,what,whatever,whose等(2)连词位于句首不能省略(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单。(4)当主语从句过长，防止句子头重脚轻，用It做形式主语，代指主语从句，真正主语搁置于句末。Eg：1).Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.Whowillbeourmonitorhasn,tbeendecidedyet.Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.Whateveryoudidisright.Whosewatchwaslostisunknown.8）Itiscertainthathewi11winthematch—►thathewi11winthematchiscertain.Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident-*whatcausedtheaccidentisstillamystery..宾语、宾语从句宾语是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。（showsbsth）1）名词、代词作宾语、数词2）动名词、不定式作宾语宾语从句:充当宾语成分的完整句子。宾语从句一定是跟在及物动词、介词及形容词后面。1）引导词有：连词：that（that在从句中不作成分，无意义，常可省略），whether（whether后可紧跟ornot；whether从句可作介词的宾语），if代词：who,whose,what,which副词：when,where,how,why等。2）宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分Eg：Idon'tknowwhattheyarelookingfor.3）如果宾语从句太长，可以用形式宾语it替代。Eg：moreandmorestudentsfinditimportanttostudyEnglishwell.fmoreandmorestudentsfindtostudyEnglishwellimportant..表语、表语从句3.1表语用以说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。1）名词、代词、数词作表语Eg：Herageis20thisyear.Iamastudent.2）动名词、不定式做表语Eg.Sheissingingnow.Themostimportantthingforone'shealthistohaveplentyofexercise.3）形容词作表语Eg：sheisbeautiful.3.2表语从句:就是用一个句子作为表语。.连接表语从句的连接词有：that（无意义，不作成分，但不能省略），what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how..表语从句一定要用陈述语序。.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Eg：Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.（what在表语从句中充当be的表语）ThatiswhatIwanttotel1you.（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语）Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam,（why在表语从句中充当原因状语）Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm,（that不能省略）4.同位语、同位语从句.1同位语是一个名词（或短语）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词（或短语）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。有时Eg：Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。YesterdayItalkedtomyEnglishteacher,Mr.James.昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。.2同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句的范畴，同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语从句在逻辑上是主表关系。同位语从句一般用that,whether,what,which,who,when,where,why,how等词弓I导，常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。❖注意1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）Eg:Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加”是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能

引导同位语从句）Eg:We'11discusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwi11beheldontime.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式”等含义，应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。Eg：Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他何时回来。.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。Eg：Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity..把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。Eg：Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.因为thereportwasthathewasgoingtoresign句意通顺，所以，thathewasgoingtoresign是同位语从句。Eg:Informationhasbeenputforwardmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as名词性从句专项练习Hissuccesswasbecauseof hehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact"IsMaryfromNewYorkCity?”"Idon，tknowfromwhatcitydoesshecomefromfromwhatcityshecomewhatcitydoesshecomefromwhatcityshecomesfrommakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.WhateverThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.Igot D.thatIgotItworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forHenrykilledthedog.I'11askhimwhydidhedothathedidthathedidhehasdidhedothathedidthathedidhehasdonesoHaveyouseenHenrylately?Mybosswantstoknow.A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalongC.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalongItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wheneverHeaskedmewithme.A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitisIamsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhatWhenandwhyhecamehereyet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbeeIwonderhowmuch.A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcostsMaryis someonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidforisnoreasonfordismissingher.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateOwingtoafewminuteslateThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateBeingafewminuteslateTheycametotheconclusionbyacomputer.A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedoneWhytheexplosionoccurredwas thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.thatIdon'tdoubt he*11come.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether“Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang?”“Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto.”A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasitOutputisnowsixtimesitwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhichMary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns限定修饰类成分：L定语、定语从句L1定语一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语充当，用以修饰限定的中心词，翻译为” 的中心词”。Eg：Theboyneedsaballpen.（名词作定语）TheboytowritethisletterisTom.（不定式作定语）Hegavemeabasketfullofeggs.（短语作后置定语）1.2当一个单词不足以修饰先行词时，我们用定语从句进行修饰。定语从句又称关系从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，修饰名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词）。定语分句分为限制性定语分句和非限制性定语分句。限制性定语从句限制性分句是先行词不可缺少的定语，赋予先行词以确定的涵义。引导词：（关系代词：that（人或物，从句中作主语、宾语）；which（代指物，作宾语）；Whom（代指人、从句中作宾语）：whose（代指人的或物的，作形容, 作形容词性物主代词）；as（可代指人或物，作主语或宾语）、关系副词：when（从句中代指时间状语）；where（代指地点状语）；why（代指

原因状语）；that（从句中作方式状语，=intheway）❖注意：A）介词后面应该用whom或which,不能用that。当先行词指人时，用介词+whom：当先行词指物时，用介词+which«但介词位于分句的末尾时，则可以用that。B）在下列情况下，关系代词通常用that不用which。（1）当先行词是指物的不定代词或先行词被all,only,any,some修饰时。Al1thatIwantispeaceandquietness.Hedidanythingthatwasgoodforus.Thereisnotmuchthatcanbedone.Doyouhaveanybooksthatinterestme?Thereisnothingthatwecandoaboutit.（2）当先行词有序数词（包括thelast/next）^最高级形容词或theonly,thevery修饰时。Eg：Thisisthemostinterestingbook（that）I'veeverread.Whichwasthefirst/fastest/thenext/thelastcarthatgotthere?Heistheonlypersonthatunderstandsmewell.（3）先行词既包含人又包含物时。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwewerefami1iarwithinschool.Themanandthehorsethatfellintotheriverweredrowned.C）作为关系副词的that在下列三种情况中，that是关系副词，但经常省略掉。a）that可以用在表示时间的名词之后，替代关系副词when。Eg:Weareveryhappytothinkofthedays(that/when)weweretogetherinthecountryside.Themoment(that)hesawme,herecognizedmeatonce.Ishal1neverforgetthemorning(that/when)Georgefirstcame,b)用在way的后面，相当于inwhich。Eg:Doittheway(that/inwhich)Itoldyou.Iwasquitesurprisedattheway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestion.c)用在anywhere或everywhere之后。Eg:Youmaygoanywher