语法功能班-课件第三讲版

第三讲：@-学为贵听课建议：基本功差的同学：语法框架图+思维导图帮助建系，要多看。跟不上，莫纠结，做好标注，课下听录播课复盘，把问题发群里，或者直接私信我。一:

时态二：小作文描述对象时态一.三种时态使用说明二.雅思小作文对应的时态一.三种时态使用说明一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时：1）.

有过去具体时间时，描述过去发生的动作或事实2）.

没有过去具体时间时，描述与现在相反的过去的动作或事实1）.

有过去具体时间时，描述过去发生的动作或事实我和我妻子相遇在2000年。昨晚，他们回家很晚。很久以前，人们住在山洞里。I

met

my

wife

in

2000.They

got

home

veryla ast

night.People

lived

in

caves

a

long

time

ago.2）.

没有过去具体时间时，描述与现在相反的过去的动作或事实She

used

to

go

to

work

by

bus.I

lived

abroad

for

ten

years.As

a

young

doctor,

I

perpetually

wondered

why

people

who

admitted

toneeding

care ed

so

much

at

receiving

thatcare.perpetually:连续不断的，无休止的I

had

always

assumed

that

such

a

disaster

could

never

happenagain:general

health

had

improved

significantly,

and

in

1919

populationsacross

Europe

were

exhausted

and

malnourished

after

the world

war,and

didn’t

have

access

to

effective

vaccinations,

antibioticsandantiviraltreatments.现在完成时描述“迄今为止，某个动作已经完成”（至于该动作，是在过去什么时间发生的，并不重要）描述“迄今为止，已经拥有某种经历”（至于该经历，是在过去什么时间发生的，并不重要）描述“动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在” （常跟for，since连用）出现了这三种情况，用现在完成时，是个很不错的选择1）描述“迄今为止，某个动作已经完成”（至于该动作，是在过去什么时间发生的，并不重要）抓住了罪犯。have

caught

the

thief.The人们对女性的态度发生了改变People’s

attitudes

towards

females

havechanged.科技改变了人们的交流的方式。Technology

has

changed

how

people

interact

with

each

other.2）描述“迄今为止，已经拥有某种经历”（至于该经历，是在过去什么时间发生的，并不重要）我见过外星人。I

have

seenien.I

saw ien

last

year.他曾在曼谷住过。He

has

lived

inBangkok.你去过纽约么？Have

you

ever

been

to

New

York?3）描述“动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在”（常跟for，since连用）从六月到现在,我一直在这工作。I

have

worked

here

since

June.我等了你5个小时了。Ihave

waited

for

you

for

5hours.我在 已经呆了五年多了。I

have

been

in

the

army

for

more

than

5

years.你去过 么？我作业写完了。你参加过公益活动么？我喜欢参加公益活动。他是个素食主义者三年多了。出来了么？他每天早晨都五点起床。你曾经丢过

和 么？孩子们找到了丢失了的狗狗。女人地位提高了。投入了一些努力在野生动物保护上。Have

you

ever

been

to

Japan?

（经历）I

have

finished

my

.（完成）Have

you

ever

participated

in

a

voluntary

activity?（经历）不是现在完成时5

He

hasbeen

a

vegetarian

for

three

years.（持续）Has

the

sun

come

up?

（完成）不是现在完成时8

Have

you

ever

been

in

a

situation

where

you

lost

your

keys

and

mobiles?（经历）9

The

children

have

found

the

lost

puppy.

（完成）过去完成时过去完成时和现在完成时极其相似。唯一区别在于，过去完成时，表示截止到过去的一个时间点，动作的完成，经历的拥有，以及动作的持续。区分：赚了100块了。截至到上周五，赚了100块了。People’s

attitudes

towards

females

have

changed.People’s

attitudes

towards

females

had

changed

by

1950.I

have

seenI

hadseenien.ien

before

I

became

a

pilot.I

have

waited

for

you

for

5

hours.I

had

waited

for

5

hours

by

the

time

you

came.过去完成时的使用，通常会伴随有，某些明显的过去时间截点的标志词。比如，until

lastweek,before

last

year,

by

the

time,

by

nine

o'clock

last

night.二.雅思小作文对应的时态1

The

graph

below

shows

the

proportion

of

the

population

aged

65

andover

between

1940

and

2040

in

three

differentcountries.老年人口比例，在1940到1960 下降The

figure

of

Japan

declined

between

1940

and

1960.它在2030年到2040年区间迅速上升，The

figure

of

Japan

is

predicted

to

rise

significantly

between

2030

and

2040.will

probably,be

expected

to, be

predicted

to等等2

The

graph

below

shows

the

demand

for

electricity

in

Englandduringtypical

days

in

winter

and

summer.

The

pie

chart

shows

howelectricityis

used

in

a age

English

home.如果小作文没有给出时间，用一般现在时描述即可3.

The

picture

illustrates

the

process

of

coffee

manufactureandpreparation

for

sale

on

the

market.流程图，因为没给出时间，所以用一般现在时描述即可4.

The

maps

below

show

the

development

of

Barton

Bingham

from

1937

to1995.

Summarise

the

information

by

selecting

and

reporting

the

mainfeatures

and

make

comparisons

whererelevant.The

pie

chart

below

shows

the

main

reasons

why

agricultural

land es

lessproductive.

The

table

shows

how

these

causes

affected

three

regions

of

the

worldduring

the

1990s.时态，描述对象二：小作文描述对象Thursday,

December

21,

2017IELTSWritingTask1: the

mostimportant

skillProbably

the

most

important

skill

for

writing

task

1

isbeing

able

to

describe

numbers

correctly.

IELTScandidates

make

a

lot

of

basic

mistakes

in

this

area.六个基础句型描述对象is具体数值地点

+

have +

具体数值具体数值开头There

is

+数据...account

for?%of

100%代表内容...make

up?%of100%代表内容1描述对象is具体数值题干若有以下这些词，这些词通常是描述对象若无，根据题干数据特点选择以下三组词之一The

number

of…The

amount

of…The

proportion

of…选proportion作主语时建议先找到100%代表的内容放在proportion后，再跟上数据对应的内容，最后读题找到两者的逻辑关系consumptionproductionGDPspending

onexpenditure

ondemandsalesusageilliteracy

rate1,

The

three

pie

charts

below

show

the

changes

in

annual

spendingby

a

particular

UK

school

in

1981,

1991

and

20014.

The

pie

charts

below

show

units

of

electricity

production

byfuel

source

in

Australia

and

France

in

1980

and

2000.6.

The

pie

chart

below

showsthe

main

reasons

why

agriculturallandes

less

productive.

The

table

shows

how

these

causes

affected

threeregions

of

the

world

during

the

1990s.建议先找到100%代表的内容放在proportion后，再跟上数据对应的内容，最后读题找到两者的逻辑关系8.

The

pie

charts

below

showhow

dangerous

waste

products

are

dealtwithin

three

countries.建议先找到100%代表的内容放在proportion后，再跟上数据对应的内容，最后读题找到两者的逻辑关系建议先找到100%代表的内容放在proportion后，再跟上数据对应的内容，最后读题找到两者的逻辑关系7.描述对象is具体数值地点

+

have +

具体数值具体数值开头There

is+数据...

account

for

?%

of

......

make

up

?%

of

...The

pie

charts

below

show

units

of

electricity

production

by

fuelsource

in

Australia

and

France

in

1980

and

2000.描述对象is具体数值地点

+

have +

具体数值具体数值开头There

is+数据...account

for?%of

100%代表内容...make

up?%of

100%代表内容The

pie

chart

below

shows

the

main

reasons

why

agriculturalland

esless

productive.

The

table

shows

how

these

causes

affected

threeregionsof

the

world

during

the

1990s.描述对象is具体数值地点

+

have +

具体数值3具体数值开头4

Thereis+数据...account

for?%of

100%代表内容...make

up?%of

100%代表内容练习请参考讲义：The

table

below

gives

information

on

consumer

spending

on

different

items

in

fivedifferent

countries

in

2002.Summarise

the

information

by

selecting

and

reporting

the

main

features,

and

makecomparisons

where

relevant.6个句型在动态图中的应用描述对象上升The

proportion

of

old

people

in

the

USA

increases

steadily.国家有一个上升The

USA

has

a

steady

increase

in

th