考研考博-英语-上海中侨职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4_第1页
考研考博-英语-上海中侨职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4_第2页
考研考博-英语-上海中侨职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4_第3页
考研考博-英语-上海中侨职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4_第4页
考研考博-英语-上海中侨职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩451页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海中侨职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.

Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.

Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.

1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun(

).

3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.

B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.

C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.

D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.

问题2选项

A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarf

B.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyears

C.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightness

D.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears

问题3选项

A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.

B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.

C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.

问题4选项

A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.

B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.

C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.

D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.

问题5选项

A.Alarmed

B.Pessimistic

C.Comic

D.Objective

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句话是文章的中心句,提到“通过研究其他恒星,天文学家可以预测太阳系其他部分的样子”(Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike),由此可知选项D符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章可推断出太阳……”。文章第一段提到太阳以现在的状态(一个黄色的矮星球)存在了46亿年(Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears);第二段提到通过研究其他恒星,天文学家发现,再过50亿年太阳将缩小并且变得更热,太阳将变成一个巨大的红色星球(aredgiantstar),当能量用尽时,太阳会继续缩小,变成一个白色的矮星球,接着变成黑色的矮星球。由此可知,现存状态的时间差不多是太阳生命的一半,选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“当太阳变成红色星球,地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的温度会很热,生命无法生存”(Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist),选项C符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知,关于太阳发展的各个阶段,下列哪个是正确的”。文章第一段提到太阳以现在的状态(一个黄色的矮星球)存在了46亿年(Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears);第二段提到通过研究其他恒星,天文学家发现,再过50亿年太阳将缩小并且变得更热,太阳将变成一个巨大的红色星球(aredgiantstar),当能量用尽时,太阳会继续缩小,变成一个白色的矮星球,接着变成黑色的矮星球,由此可知正确的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf,选项C符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章的基调是什么”。文章从头到尾都是以非常客观的态度来描述天文学家对太阳发展的预测,选项D符合题意。Alarmed“担忧的”;pessimistic“悲观的”;comic“滑稽的”;objective“客观的”。

2.单选题

ElizabethHolmes:HolmesiswheretheheartisTheranos'sbosssayshermissionextendsbeyondmakingafortune.TECHentrepreneursoftenhavetheirowndistinctiveuniforms.ForFacebook'sMarkZuckerberg,itisjeansandahoodie.ForthelateSteveJobs,itwasjeansandblackturtleneck.ElizabethHolmeshasplumpedforsomethingsmartermatchingblackjacket,trousersandturtleneck.Itsaveshavingtodecidewhattoweareachmorning,shesayswithtypicalsingle-mindedness.

Attheageof19MsHolmeshadanideaabouttoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone.SoshedroppedoutofStanfordUniversity,whereshewasstudyingchemicalengineering,andwithmoneythathadbeensetasideforhercollegeeducationshequietlyfoundedTheranos,adiagnosticscompany.Thatwasin2003.Shesaysshespentthenexttenyearsin"stealthmode,withoutpressreleasesorevenacompanywebsite.Duringthattimesheperfectedawayofdoinghundredsoftestscheaplyandquicklyonadropofblood,usinglab-on-a-chiptechnology.

Today,aged31,sheisestimatedbyForbesmagazinetobeworth$4.7billion,andthustobetheworld'syoungestself-madefemalebillionaire.Sheistheauthor,andco-author,ofnumerouspatentsandpatentapplications.YetMsHolmesseemsuninterestedinmoneyorkudos.

Shesayshermissionistousetestingtohelppeoplestayhealthy.Shewantstodetectdiseasessuchasdiabetes,cancersandheartdiseasefarearlier,beforetheyproducesymptoms,andindoingsosavelives.AdmirershavecomparedhertotechnologytitanslikeJobs.Butherfocusonhumanity'sbigproblemsmakeshermorelikeElonMusk,whowantsnotjusttomakemoneybuildingspacerocketsandelectriccars,buttocoloniseotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange.

ThisweekMsHolmesannouncedthatshewastakinghermissionbeyondAmerica'sborders,bylaunchinganot-for-profitprojecttobringcheapmedicalteststoMexicowithbackingfromCarlosSlim,aMexicantelecomsmagnate.Theranosisstillprivatelyowned—MsHolmessayssheholdsmorethan50%ofitsstock-andremainssecretiveaboutitsrevenuestreamsandplans.Althoughitishardtoknowifthecompanymeritsitsrichvaluation,oneencouragingsignforotherinvestorsisthecompany'sstellarboardofdirectors.Itincludestwoformersecretariesofstate(GeorgeShultzandHenryKissinger)andanumberofhigh-profileinvestorsincludingLarryEllisonofOracle.Ifanabilitytowinoverluminariesisadiagnostictestforthehealthofyoungcompanies,Theranospasses.

1.ElizabethHolmes'missioninbusinessis()?

2.ElizabethHolmesisalwaysin()?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTTRUE?

4.MsHolmesislikeElonMuskin()?

5.Twoformersecretariesofstateandanumberofhigh-profileinvestorsarelistedto().

问题1选项

A.tohelppeoplestayhealthy

B.toimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone

C.tomakeafortune

D.todetectdiseases

问题2选项

A.jeansandblackturtleneck

B.jeansandahoodie

C.blackjacketandturtleneck

D.jeansandtrousers

问题3选项

A.MsHolmesknewhowtoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone

B.MsHolmeswasdroppedoutofStanfordUniversity

C.MsHolmesstudiedchemicalengineeringatStanfordUniversity

D.MsHolmesestablishedacompanybyherself.

问题4选项

A.makingmoneyintheirownbusiness

B.colonizingotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange

C.becomingtechnologytitans

D.protectinghumanbeingsoftheworld.

问题5选项

A.showgreatyouthofthecompany.

B.showgreatsuccessofthecompany.

C.showgreatstructureofthecompany

D.showgreatpromiseofthecompany

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位至第五段:Shesayshermissionistousetestingtohelppeoplestayhealthy(她说她的责任是通过这些测验让人们保持健康)。因此A项“以帮助人们保持健康”正确。

2.细节事实题。第一段指出:ElizabethHolmeshasplumpedforsomethingsmartermatchingblackjacket,trousersandturtleneck(伊丽莎白•福尔摩斯喜欢更时髦的黑色夹克、裤子和高领毛衣)。因此,C项“黑夹克和高领毛衣”正确。

3.判断推理题。第二段指出:Attheageof19MsHolmeshadanideaabouthowtoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone(霍姆斯19岁时就有了一个改进验血方法的想法)。因此,A项“霍姆斯知道改进血液检测的方法”不符合原文所述。

4.判断推理题。根据题干定位至倒数第二段:Butherfocusonhumanity'sbigproblemsmakeshermorelikeElonMusk,whowantsnotjusttomakemoneybuildingspacerocketsandelectriccars,buttocoloniesotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange(但她对人类大问题的关注使她更像埃隆•马斯克,他不仅想通过制造太空火箭和电动汽车赚钱,还想殖民其他星球,把这个星球从气候变化中拯救出来)。因此,本题选D项“保护地球上的人类”。

5.判断推理题。最后一段指出:Althoughitishardtoknowifthecompanymeritsitsrichvaluation,oneencouragingsignforotherinvestorsisthecompany'sstellarboardofdirectors(尽管很难知道该公司是否值得其丰厚的估值,但对其他投资者来说,一个令人鼓舞的迹象是该公司出色的董事会)。由此可知,列出两位前国务卿和一些知名投资者是为了展现公司的巨大前景。故选D。

3.单选题

Ifonlythecommittee(

)theregulationandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.approve

B.willapprove

C.canapprove

D.wouldapprove

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”,此处是对将来的虚拟,因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形,选D。句意:如果委员会能批准这项条例并尽快付诸实施就好了。

4.单选题

Donorfatigueand()ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

问题1选项

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。expenditure“支出”;extremity“极端”;wreckage“残骸”;supremacy“至高无上”。句意:捐赠者的疲倦和这个国家的极端贫困导致希望越来越渺茫。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.Chemotherapy.

B.Radiation.

C.Injections.

D.Surgery.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatdoyouknowabouttreatmentsofcancer?

M:Chemotherapy.Buttheatmakesyourhairfallout,doesn’tit?

W:Yes,therearesomeunpleasantside-effects.I’mnotsureweneedtoconsiderthatatthisstage.Weshouldseewhetheraseriesofinjectionwillhelp.

Q:Whattreatmentwillthemanprobablyreceivefirst?

【解析】对话中女士说要先看看药物注射是否有效,患者的状况还不到进行化疗的程度。

6.单选题

Hefoundhisnewacquaintancetobe():tryingtounderstandherpersonalitywaslike

peeringintoanunknowndimension.

问题1选项

A.cosmopolitan

B.imperturbable

C.inscrutable

D.puerile

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:他发现他新结识的朋友

,尝试了解她的性格就如同窥探未知的领域。

cosmopolitan世界性的;世界主义的,四海一家的;imperturbable冷静的;泰然自若的;inscrutable神秘的;不可理解的;不能预测的;不可思议的;puerile幼稚的;孩子气的;未成熟的;天真的。因此,C项符合句意。

7.单选题

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs(黏膜炎)andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy(中风).The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic(滑稽的)press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

问题2选项

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

问题3选项

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

问题4选项

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

问题5选项

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句,“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”,可知男孩女孩们都知道,大家越是团结在一起,发生战争的机会就越大,选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段,“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”,可知没有人预见到铁路是发生战争机会越来越多的原因。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句,“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”,可知火车对人体健康是最危险的。选项A可排除。根据文章第二段第三句,“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”,可知噪音和眩光对人的神经有影响,选项B可排除。根据第二段第四句,“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”,可知对人体肺部也有影响,选项C排除。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第一段,“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”,可知人们没有预见铁路是敌军快速移动的一种方式,可推断出作者提出了火车的不好,表明了自己反对铁路的立场,所以他是反铁路组织的一员。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。文章第二段提到了火车会对身体健康等各方面带来危害,最后一段还举到了一位作家对火车描述的例子,可见作者是运用了讽刺的语气来描写的。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

()ofover5%areattractiveifthedollarreallyisgoingtostabilize.

问题1选项

A.Manufactures

B.Yields

C.Creating

D.Receiving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项Manufactures“产品”;B选项Yields“生产量,收益”;C选项Creating“创造”;D选项Receiving“接受”。句意:如果美元真的要稳定下来,超过5%的_____率是有吸引力的。根据逻辑,前半句讲到要稳定下来,那么之后说的应该也是“收益率”,因此B选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Hewasgivenapresentin()ofhisworkforthebusiness.

问题1选项

A.honor

B.realization

C.acknowledgement

D.encouragement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项honor“荣誉”;B选项realization“实现,认识”;C选项acknowledgement“承认,感谢”;D选项encouragement“鼓励”。句意:他得到一份礼物,以感谢他为公司所做的工作。本句表示感谢他做的工作。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Somepeopleviewedthefindingswithcaution,notingthatacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremained().

问题1选项

A.tobeshown

B.tohavebeenshown

C.tohaveshown

D.beingshown

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。remaintobedone“待完成;待处理”为固定用法。句意:一些人对研究结果持谨慎态度,指出吸二手烟和癌症之间的因果关系有待揭示。因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Foralltheburgeoningpopularityofcorporatesocialresponsibility—theartof“doingwellbydoinggood”—itsbenefitsremainunproven.Itiswellandgoodtosaythataglobalizingcompanyneedstotakeaccountofsocialproblemsinitsnewmarkets,orthatsocialresponsibilitywillbeitsownreward,inhappieremployees,lowerlegalcostsandimprovedproductivity.Butatheart,formanycompanies,corporatesocialresponsibilityisstilljustamatterofbranding.LookatMcDonald’sandtheBodyShop,forexample.Theformerisstillatargetofconsumerderisionandlawsuitsdespiteitsintroductionofhealthierfood.TheenvironmentallyfriendlyreputationoftheBodyShop,ontheotherhand,haslongoutpaceditsactualinvestmentineco-friendlyprocesses.

“BuildingReputationalCapital”byKevinJackson,aprofessoroflegalandethicalstudiesatFordhamUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatcorporationsneedtobesociallyresponsibletobuildtheir“reputationalcapital”,whichissimilartobutbiggerthan,anybrandtheymightmarket.Acompanywithlotsofsuchcapitalwillbeabletoattractbetteremployees,chargehigherprices,negotiatebetterdeals,andattractmoreinvestors.

Buthowmuchcontroldoesafirmactuallyexerciseoveritsownreputation?TheexamplesMr.Jacksongivesarenotentirelyencouraging.Nike,afavoritetargetofactivistsforitstreatmentofsweatshopworkers,appearsseveraltimes;butMr.JacksondoesnotelaborateonwhetheradropinitsreputationalcapitalcostsNikeanysales.Mr.Jacksondoescitestudiesshowingapositivecorrelationbetweenacommitmenttoanethicalbehaviorandperformance.Buthisexamplesdonotmakeaspowerfulacaseforthenecessityofcorporatesocialresponsibilityashewouldlike.

Indeed,afirmthatembarksonaplanofcorporatesocialresponsibilitymaybesettingitselfupforaworse,notabetter,reputation.Mr.JacksoncitestheexampleofH.B.FullerCompany,anAmericanadhesivesmanufacturerthathadbuiltupreputationalcapitalbydeclaringitsintentiontobeagoodcorporatecitizenandmakingphilanthropicdonations.Butitwasblamedwhenoneofitsproducts,Resistol,becamethedrugofchoiceforglue-sniffingchildreninCentralAmerica.Othercompetitorswhosegluesweresniffed,henotes,gotlittlecriticism.Onecanseehowacompanywithastrongcommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibilitymightelicitthesamechargesofhypocrisy—andsimilarcompaniesmightthendecidethatcorporatesocialresponsibilitymightbemoretroublethanitsworth.

Anyonewhohasalreadyembracedtheideaofasociallyresponsiblecorporationmightwellfindthisbookuseful;itprovidesadecentframeworkforimplementingandjustifyingasociallyresponsiblestrategy.Buttherearemanywho,likeTheEconomist,questionwhethercorporationsshouldbeinvestinginsocialinitiativesatthepossibleexpenseofprofit.“BuildingReputationalCapital,”whilewell-writtenandserious,willnotconvincethemotherwise.

1.McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.

2.ProfessorKevinJacksonholdsthat____.

3.TheauthorconsiderstheexamplescitedbyJackson____.

4.Itisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthat____.

5.Thebesttitleofthepassageis____.

问题1选项

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitsproductsareofhighquality

B.healthierproductsareonlyillusionswhentheyharmproductivity

C.manyfirmsarenotreallyseriousabouttheirsocialresponsibility

D.socialresponsibilityhasneverbeenaconcernofthesereputedcorporations

问题2选项

A.commitmenttosocialresponsibilityisarewardingpractice

B.manycompanieshavedonelittleindevelopingeco-friendlyproducts

C.buildingthereputationalcapitaldoesnotcontributetoariseinsales

D.theeffortsatsocialresponsibilityoftenturnouttobemadeinvain

问题3选项

A.admirable

B.encouraging

C.unconvincing

D.deplorable

问题4选项

A.makingvoluntarydonationsisoftennotappreciatedbythesociety

B.reputationinsocialresponsibilitycanwellbeadisadvantage

C.assumingmoresocialresponsibilitycanmakeafirmwell-known

D.profit,ratherthansocialresponsibility,shouldbeacompany’sgoal

问题5选项

A.TheGoalofGlobalizingCorporations

B.TheBurdenofSocialResponsibility

C.TheNecessityofCorporateSocialResponsibility

D.CorporateProductivityandProfit-making

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.第一段引用了麦当劳和美体小铺的例子来表明____。

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitsproductsareofhighqualityA.名牌不能保证它的产品质量好

B.healthierproductsareonlyillusionswhentheyharmproductivityB.当更健康的产品损害生产力时,它们只是一种假象

C.manyfirmsarenotreallyseriousabouttheirsocialresponsibilityC.许多公司并没有认真对待它们的社会责任

D.socialresponsibilityhasneverbeenaconcernofthesereputedcorporationsD.社会责任从来不是这些知名企业关心的问题

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词McDonald’sandtheBodyShop定位到原文第1段。本段第3句提到“但在本质上,对许多公司来说,企业社会责任仍然只是一个品牌问题。”紧接着就引用了麦当劳和美体小铺的例子。这两个例子的内容为“前者虽然推出了更健康的食品,但仍然是消费者嘲笑和诉讼的对象”、“另一方面,美体小铺的环保声誉已经远远超过了它在环保工艺方面的实际投资。”由此可知,作者这么做,是想说明许多公司并不是真的要承担社会责任,它们只是想给自己的品牌打造良好的声誉。C选项“许多公司并没有认真对待它们的社会责任”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“名牌不能保证它的产品质量好”,原文这部分的话题是“社会责任”,该选项与本题无关,属于无中生有;

B选项“当更健康的产品损害生产力时,它们只是一种假象”,只是麦当劳的例子涉及的内容,该选项属于以偏概全,并且原文并没有提到“损害生产力”的问题;

D选项“社会责任从来不是这些知名企业关心的问题”,原文并不是说知名企业完全不关心社会责任,该选项属于推理过度。

第2题:【选项释义】

ProfessorKevinJacksonholdsthat____.KevinJackson教授认为____。

A.commitmenttosocialresponsibilityisarewardingpracticeA.承担社会责任是一种有益的实践

B.manycompanieshavedonelittleindevelopingeco-friendlyproductsB.许多公司在开发环保产品方面做得很少

C.buildingthereputationalcapitaldoesnotcontributetoariseinsalesC.建立声誉资本并不会增加销售额

D.theeffortsatsocialresponsibilityoftenturnouttobemadeinvainD.社会责任的努力往往是徒劳的

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词ProfessorKevinJackson定位到原文第2段。本段第1句提到KevinJackson教授在《建立声誉资本》指出“企业需要对社会负责(needtobesociallyresponsible),以建立自己的‘声誉资本(reputationalcapital)’。”最后一句提到“拥有大量此类资金的(withlotsofsuchcapital)公司将能够吸引更好的(better)员工,收取更高的(higher)价格,达成更好的(better)交易,并吸引更多的(more)投资者。”由此可知,KevinJackson教授认为企业承担社会责任以建立声誉资本,这些资本能给企业带来很多好处,A选项“承担社会责任是一种有益的实践”符合原文内容。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“许多公司在开发环保产品方面做得很少”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

C选项“建立声誉资本并不会增加销售额”,与原文“收取更高的(higher)价格,达成更好的(better)交易”矛盾,该选项属于曲解原文;

D选项“社会责任的努力往往是徒劳的”,与原文提到的很多好处相矛盾,该教授认为承担社会责任并不是徒劳的,该选项属于反向干扰。

第3题:【选项释义】

TheauthorconsiderstheexamplescitedbyJackson____.作者认为Jackson引用的例子____。

A.admirableA.令人钦佩的

B.encouragingB.鼓舞人心的

C.unconvincingC.令人怀疑的

D.deplorableD.令人愤慨的

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词theexamplescitedbyJackson定位到原文第3段第2句,该句提到“Jackson给出的例子并不完全令人鼓舞(notentirelyencouraging)。”本段最后一句提到“但他的例子并没有(donot)像他希望的那样有力地证明企业社会责任的必要性。”由此可知,作者认为Jackson引用的例子缺乏说服力,C选项“令人怀疑的”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“令人钦佩的”,不符合原文,属于无中生有;

B选项“鼓舞人心的”,与原文“并不完全令人鼓舞(notentirelyencouraging)”矛盾,属于反向干扰;

D选项“令人愤慨的”,不符合原文,属于无中生有。

第4题:【选项释义】

Itisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthat____.第四段暗示____。

A.makingvoluntarydonationsisoftennotappreciatedbythesocietyA.自愿捐赠往往不受社会的欢迎

B.reputationinsocialresponsibilitycanwellbeadisadvantageB.在社会责任方面的声誉很可能是一种劣势

C.assumingmoresocialresponsibilitycanmakeafirmwell-knownC.承担更多的社会责任可以让一个公司出名

D.profit,ratherthansocialresponsibility,shouldbeacompany’sgoalD.公司的目标应该是利润,而不是社会责任

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词thefourthparagraph定位到原文第4段。本段的行文结构为“总分总”。本段第1句提到“事实上,如果一家公司开始实施企业社会责任的计划,它的声誉可能会变得更糟,而不是更好(aworse,notabetter,reputation)。”最后一句提到“一家坚定致力于企业社会责任的公司可能会招致同样的伪善指责(chargesofhypocrisy),类似的公司可能会认为,企业社会责任带来的麻烦(moretrouble)可能大于它的价值。”由此可知,第4段暗示的是承担社会责任也可能使声誉变差,甚至带来麻烦,B选项“在社会责任方面的声誉很可能是一种劣势”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“自愿捐赠往往不受社会的欢迎”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

C选项“承担更多的社会责任可以让一个公司出名”,与原文“它的声誉可能会变得更糟,而不是更好(aworse,notabetter,reputation)”矛盾,该选项属于曲解原文;

D选项“公司的目标应该是利润,而不是社会责任”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

第5题:【选项释义】

Thebesttitleofthepassageis____.本文最佳的标题是____。

A.TheGoalofGlobalizingCorporationsA.企业全球化的目标

B.TheBurdenofSocialResponsibilityB.社会责任的负担

C.TheNecessityofCorporateSocialResponsibilityC.企业社会责任的必要性

D.CorporateProductivityandProfit-makingD.企业生产力和利润

【答案】C

【考查点】主旨大意题

【解题思路】

1)梳理各段核心句:

第一段:本段第1句,该句提到“尽管企业社会责任(corporatesocialresponsibility)迅速流行起来,但它的好处尚未得到证实(itsbenefitsremainunproven)。”总领全文,引出关于企业的社会责任的话题。

第二段:本段第1句,该句提到“Jackson教授在《建立声誉资本》提出企业需要承担社会责任(besociallyresponsible)以建立自己的‘声誉资本’(buildtheir‘reputationalcapital’)。”引用Jackson教授的例子,点明企业承担社会责任的好处。

第三段:本段最后一句,该句提到作者认为Jackson教授的例子“并没有(donot)像他希望的那样有力地证明企业社会责任的必要性(thenecessityofcorporatesocialresponsibility)。”分析Jackson教授的例子,引出关于企业承担社会责任是否有必要的思考。

第四段:本段第1句,该句提到“事实上,如果一家公司开始实施企业社会责任(corporatesocialresponsibility)的计划,它的声誉可能会变得更糟,而不是更好(aworse,notabetter,reputation)。”点明企业承担社会责任的劣势。

第五段:本段第2-3句,这两句提到“但也有许多人质疑企业是否应该以可能的利润为代价投资于社会倡议(investinginsocialinitiatives),《建立声誉资本》这本书虽然写得很好,也很严肃,但并不会让他们信服。”指出人们对企业是否应该承担社会责任存在质疑。

2)提炼复现词:Corporatesocialresponsibility/besociallyresponsible

综上所述,本文的最佳标题是C选项“企业社会责任的必要性”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“企业全球化的目标”,没有指出本文话题“企业的社会责任”;

B选项“社会责任的负担”,“负担”是劣势的一方面,只是本文3-4段的内容,该选项属于以偏概全;

D选项“企业生产力和利润”,没有指出本文话题“企业的社会责任”。

12.单选题

()theoldprofessorisstillworkinghardinhislabdayandnight.

问题1选项

A.Asoldheis

B.Oldasheis

C.Howeverheisold

D.Thougholdishe

【答案】B

【解析】考查让步状语从句。However引导让步状语从句置于句首时需要倒装,Though引导让步状语从句置于句首时不需要倒装,由此可首先排除选项C和选项D;as引导让步状语从句置于句首时,需将表语或状语提前构成倒装。所以选项B正确。

13.单选题

Itwasatypeofurbanstorythatcontinuesto()bigcitydwellersforwardeachday,ataleofhardworkandself-startinginitiative,oftakingmattersintoone’sownhandstomakedreamscometrue.

问题1选项

A.penetrate

B.propel

C.baffle

D.harness

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这是一种推动着都市人不断向前的都市故事,讲述的是努力工作、自我奋斗来实现梦想的故事。

考查动词辨析。penetrate渗透;穿过;propel推进,驱使;baffle困惑,难住;harness治理,驾驭。这里的选项既要符合句意,又要与后面的forward构成搭配,故选B项。propelsb.forward表示“推动某人向前”。

14.单选题

Thelampwouldnotworkbecauseofa(

)intheswitch.

问题1选项

A.defect

B.blot

C.foul

D.shortcoming

【答案】A

【解析】句意:由于开关有问题,所以台灯不亮。

考查名词辨析。Defect缺陷,不足;blot污点;foul犯规;shortcoming缺点,短处,多形容人。故A符合句意。

15.单选题

What()didtheyemploywhentheyselectedthispictureastheprize-winner?

问题1选项

A.criterion

B.regulation

C.condition

D.testimony

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:为了完成研究项目,教授给了

简介。explicit详尽的,详述的;formidable可怕的,难以对付的;afflictive令人痛苦的,苦恼的;dominant支配的,显性的。因此,A项符合句意。

16.单选题

Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.

Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallenduphuddledroundlisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthus-and-suchawayisthatt

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论