考研考博-英语-上海电机学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海电机学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat（）terrorists.

问题1选项

A.kidnapped

B.harassed

C.heckled

D.harbored

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。kidnap“绑架”；harass“扰乱，使烦恼”；heckle“诘问，责问”；harbor“庇护”。句意：总统演讲的目的在于要让那些不大情愿的国家相信，强硬制裁那些庇护恐怖分子的国家是非常有必要的。选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Thepooroldmanwas（）withdiabetesandwithoutpropertreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

问题1选项

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组固定搭配。beafflictedwith“受折磨”。句意：这位贫穷的老人受着糖尿病的折磨，如果没有合理的治疗，他很快会失去视力并且残疾。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

WhenSally______thecriminal______herhouse,shescreamedatthetopofhervoicebecauseshedidn’twant______.

问题1选项

A.saw;enter;killed

B.sees;enter,killing

C.sees;entering;bekilled

D.saw;enter;tobekilled

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.saw;enter;killed看见；进去；被杀B.sees;enter,killing看见；进去；杀

C.sees;entering;bekilled看见；进去；被杀D.saw;enter;tobekilled看见；进去；被杀

【考查点】时态和固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据screamed可知，时间发生在过去，所以第一个空格填入saw，而sawsb.dosth.表示“看见某人做了某事”，所以第二个空格填入enter原形；want的搭配是wanttodo（想要做某事），she和kill之间是被动，故用tobekilled，所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A、B项不符合语态；

C项不符合搭配。

【句意】当莎莉看到罪犯进入她的房子时，她声嘶力竭地尖叫起来，因为她不想被罪犯杀掉。

4.单选题

Heputaspecial（）foranextraday’sholidayssothathecouldattendhisdaughter’swedding.

问题1选项

A.request

B.inquiry

C.enquiry

D.proposal

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。request“请求，需要”；inquiry“探究，调查”；enquiry“询问，询盘”；proposal“提议，建议”。句意：他提出要请一天假以便能够参加他女儿的婚礼。requestfor“要求，对…有请求”，只有A项符合句意。

5.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Mosterroneousconclusionsbyscientistsarediscoveredduringtheprocessofpublishingtheirresearch.(41)So-called“junkscience”bypassesthissystemofpeerreview.Presenteddirectlytothepublicbypeoplevariouslydescribedas“experts”or“activists,”oftenwithlittleornosupportingevidence,this“junkscience”underminestheabilityofelectedrepresentatives,jurists,andothers—includingeverydayconsumers—tomakerationaldecisions.

(42)Byregulatorydefinition,thesefoodsmaycontainmonoglyceridesanddiglycerides,butnottriglycerides.Fromthepointofviewofsolidsciencethisdefinitionmakesnopracticalsense,giventhatthebodymetabolizesmono,di-andtriglyceridesinessentiallythesameway.Meanwhileunwaryconsumerstakethe“fat-free”labelasalicensetoeatthesefoodstoexcess,andAmericansaremoreobesenowthaneverbefore.

Amoreamusingexampleis“VitaminO,”awondersupplementadvertisedto“maximizeyournutrients,purifyyourbloodstream,andeliminatetoxinsandpoisons—inotherwords,[tosupply]alltheprocessesnecessarytopreventdiseaseandpromotehealth.”(43)Inotherwords,the60,000consumerspurchasing“VitaminO”—tothetuneof$20amonth—weretakingsaltwater!AlthoughthisproductwaslegallyexemptedfromcertainFDArequirementsbyvirtueofitsstatusasa“natural”dietsupplement,theFTCwasabletofileacomplaintagainstitin1999,basedonfalseclaimsbyitspromotersthatitwasbeingusedbyNASAastronauts.Otherwise“VitaminO”wouldstillbeoneoftheworld’sbest-sellingplacebos.

Thepotentiallastingpowerof“junkscience”isdemonstratedbythestoryofGermanphysicianSamuelHahnemann,whotookquininebackin1776toinvestigateitsuseagainstmalaria.Aftertakingquinineheexperiencedchillsandfever,whicharethesymptomsofmalaria.(44)Inthecourseoftestingthistheorywithotherherbalremedies,Hahnemanndiscoveredthatmany“natural”herbsaretoxicandmadehispatientsworse.Thereducethetoxiceffects,hedilutedtheremediesuntiltheyseemedtobeworking.Onthatbasisheformulateda“lawofinfinitesimals”statingthathigherdilutionsofherbalcuresincreasetheirmedicinalbenefits.Tobefair,Hahnemannconductedtheseexperimentsmorethan70yearsbeforescientistsunderstoodthatadilutionweakerthanonepartin6.02×1043maynotcontainevenasinglemoleculeofthedissolvedsubstance.(45)

A.Anexampleof“junkscience”Iliketousewithmystudentsisthemythof“fat-freefoods”inventedbythefoodindustrywiththehelpoffederalregulators.

B.Otherscientistsreviewsubmittedarticles,oftenrepeatinganyrelevanttestsorexperimentsandalwaysevaluatingtheconclusionsthathavebeendrawnfromthem.

C.Forthisheconcluded,wrongly,that“likescurelikes,”i.e.,thatdiseasesshouldbetreatedwithmedicinesthatproducesimilarsymptomstothediseases.

D.Thushedidnotrealizethatuponadministeringtohispatients30Xpreparations—dilutionsofonepartherbto1030partswater—theplaceboeffectwasallthatwasreallylefttomeasure.

E.Despitethispreposterousclaim,themarketfortheseremediesisenormous.

F.Itwasdescribedonitslabelas“stabilizedoxygenmoleculesinasolutionofdistilledwaterandsodiumchloride.”

【答案】41.B

42.A

43.F

44.C

45.D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Anexampleof“junkscience”Iliketousewithmystudentsisthemythof“fat-freefoods”inventedbythefoodindustrywiththehelpoffederalregulators.A.我喜欢用一个“垃圾科学”的例子来告诉我的学生，那就是食品工业在联邦监管机构的帮助下发明的“无脂食品”神话。

B.Otherscientistsreviewsubmittedarticles,oftenrepeatinganyrelevanttestsorexperimentsandalwaysevaluatingtheconclusionsthathavebeendrawnfromthem.B.其他科学家审阅提交的文章，经常重复任何相关的测试或实验，并总是评估从中得出他们的结论。

C.Forthisheconcluded,wrongly,that“likescurelikes,”i.e.,thatdiseasesshouldbetreatedwithmedicinesthatproducesimilarsymptomstothediseases.C.因此，他错误地得出“以毒攻毒”的结论，也就是说，疾病应该用产生类似症状的药物来治疗。

D.Thushedidnotrealizethatuponadministeringtohispatients30Xpreparations—dilutionsofonepartherbto1030partswater—theplaceboeffectwasallthatwasreallylefttomeasure.D.因此，他没有意识到，给他的病人服用30倍的制剂，即将一份草药稀释到水的1030倍，实际上剩下的只是安慰剂效应。

E.Despitethispreposterousclaim,themarketfortheseremediesisenormous.E.尽管这种说法很荒谬，但这些疗法的市场是巨大的。

F.Itwasdescribedonitslabelas“stabilizedoxygenmoleculesinasolutionofdistilledwaterandsodiumchloride.”F.它的标签上描述为“蒸馏水和氯化钠溶液中的稳定氧分子”。

41.第一句提到“科学家的大多数错误结论都是在发表研究成果的过程中发现的”，然后第三句讲的是“所谓的垃圾科学绕过了这个同行评议体系（systemofpeerreview）”，那么可以推断，第二句讲的内容应该和同行评议体系（systemofpeerreview）有关，而第一句是说科学家的erroneousconclusions（错误结论）是在研究成果中发现的，综合理解可知，B项正确。

42.该段提到了一个关键词foods，所以该段是与食物相关的；然后根据其内容，从第三句“从坚实的科学观点来看，这个定义没有实际意义，因为人体对单甘油酯、二甘油酯和甘油三酯的代谢方式基本上是相同的”和第四句“与此同时，粗心的消费者把无脂肪（fat-free）的标签当作过量食用这些食品的许可证”综合理解，可以得出A项正确。

43.根据空格后一句“换句话说，购买维生素O的6万名消费者，每月花费20美元，是在喝盐水（takingsaltwater）”，其中关键部分是takingsaltwater（喝盐水），所以可以推断，空格处的句子是和salt相关的，故F项正确。

44.由空格前两句“哈内曼在1776年服用奎宁，研究它对疟疾的作用。服用奎宁后，他感到寒战和发烧，这是疟疾的症状。”，以及空格后一句“在用其他草药疗法测试这一理论的过程中，哈内曼发现许多天然草药是有毒的，这使他的病人病情恶化”可知，哈内曼服用奎宁研究疟疾，产生了和疟疾一样的症状，然后用天然草药测试自己的理论，使病人中毒；综合理解可知，哈内曼通过服用奎宁产生疟疾症状得出“以毒攻毒”的理论，故C项正确。

45.根据空格处的上一句“哈内曼进行这些实验70多年后，科学家们才认识到，稀释度低于6.02×1043的制剂，可能连一个溶解物质的分子都没有”可知，将草药稀释并没有什么效果，所以空格处还是对草药稀释的描述，故D项正确。

6.单选题

Ithinkitadvisablethathe（

）Tokyosoon.

问题1选项

A.willleave

B.mayleave

C.leave

D.leaves

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。由“itisnecessary/important/advisable/anxious/essential...”等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形或只用动词原形）知C项“leave”正确。

7.单选题

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,underdeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupassavage,underdevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansioneitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”);somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.

1.Theauthorsaysthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharefound______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have______.

3.Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.nowheretoday

B.amongtheAustralianaborigines

C.amongEasterncultures

D.amongpeoplespeaking“backward”languages

问题2选项

A.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

B.theirownsoundpatterns

C.anabilitytotransferideas

D.grammaticalstructures

问题3选项

A.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages

B.alllanguagescomefromgruntsandgroans

C.thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

D.thereisnohierarchyoflanguages32.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

问题4选项

A.Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.

B.Thestudyoflanguageshasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisnohierarchyamongcultures.

C.Thestudyoflanguagesisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.

D.Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“作者说，咕哝和呻吟的语言形式可以在……中找到”。根据第三段中的第二句Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.（虽然语言一般来说可能是从一系列的咕哝和呻吟开始的，但对“落后”语言的研究确立了这一事实，那就是如今没有哪种口语能与此描述相符）可知，咕哝和呻吟的语言形式在如今是找不到了，A项“在如今无处可寻”正确；B项“澳大利亚土著居民中”和C项“在东方文化中”文中都没有提及；D项“在说‘落后’语言的人中”，文中提到对“落后”语言的研究确立了“如今没有哪种口语能与此描述相符”这一事实，所以咕哝和呻吟的语言形式在说‘落后’语言的人中也不会找到。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“作者认为，无论文明与否，语言都有……”。根据第三段中的Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers…Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansioneitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.（以我们最严格的标准来看，未开化群体的大多数语言都是极其复杂、精巧和巧妙的传递思想的机器。它们落后于我们的西方语言，不是在这些通常足以满足所有的语言需求的发音模式或语法结构上，而是在它们的词汇上，这些词汇反映了说话者所知道的对象和活动……所有的语言似乎都拥有扩大词汇量的机制，要么把现有的词汇组合在一起，要么从其他语言中借用它们，并将它们适应于自己的系统。）可知，无论文明与否，语言拥有扩大词汇量的机制，A项“扩大词汇量的潜力”符合题意；由此也可知，B项“它们自己的发音模式”和D项“语法结构”不正确；C项“传递思想的能力”为干扰项，语言虽然是传递思想的一种方式，但是词汇才是反映说话者所知道的对象和活动，这是以词汇为前提的。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“作者说，专业语言学家认识到……”。根据文章第二段Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.（对于专业的人类学家来说，一种文化并不比另一种文化有内在的优越性，就像对于专业的语言学家来说，语言之间没有内在的等级制度一样）可知，D项“没有语言的等级制度”符合题意；由此也可知C项“语言的层次体系很难理解”是错误的；A项“西方语言优于东方语言”，文中没有提到东方语言；B项“所有的语言都来自咕哝和呻吟”表述太绝对。因此，该题选择D项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“这篇文章暗示了下列哪一项？”。根据文章最后一段的内容Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.（对语言的研究反过来又为人类学家的这一主张提供了新的解释，即所有的文化都可以独立看待，没有等级和等级观念）可以推断，关于人类学家主张的文化没有等级观念的这一观点，语言的研究提供了新的解释，所以B项“对语言的研究加强了人类学家的观点，即文化之间不存在等级制度”是正确的；A项“语言研究败坏了人类学研究的声誉”和C项“研究语言就像研究人类学家一样”不能从文中找出相关信息；D项“对语言的研究使人们对人类学家的主张有了新的认识”是文中有的信息，并不需要从文章中推断出来，所以不符合题意。因此，该题选择B项正确。

8.单选题

Manyoftheinventionsthatmadepeople（

）andhavedeterminedthedirectionofAmericanindustrywererelatedtoagricultureandfoodproduction.

问题1选项

A.affluent

B.abundant

C.sufficient

D.bankrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。affluent富裕的，丰富的；abundant充裕的，丰富的；用来形容物。sufficient足够的，充足的；bankrupt破产的。句意：许多使人民生活富足并且决定了美国产业发展方向的发明都与农业和食品生产有关。由inventions可知发明都是为了让人类的生活更好，故可推知这些发明使人民生活富足。答案A

9.单选题

Thespeaker______uswithtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure.

问题1选项

A.detour

B.offset

C.tantalized

D.ushered

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.detour绕行，绕道B.offset抵消，弥补；衬托出

C.tantalized逗弄；令人干着急D.ushered引导；招待；迎接

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据withtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure（讲述异国风情和埋藏宝藏的故事）可知，这个演讲者是通过讲故事来逗乐我们，C项词义符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】演讲者讲了许多关于异国他乡和埋藏宝藏的故事，把我们逗乐了。

10.单选题

StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.

ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained10,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14-layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.

Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai,flowingwestoftheupwarp,extendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarp;iteventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-miIe-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago.

Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcold,rainandsnow,alongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocks,increasetheopportunitiesforerosion.Thecanyonwallscrumble;theriveracquiresacuttingtool,tonsofdebris,rainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarvesidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Inthefirstsentence,theauthorreferstotheGrandCanyonasa“wound”toindicatethat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,thefirstphenomenontocontributetotheformationoftheGrandCanyonwas（）.

4.Whatwasthegeographicpositionoftheupwarpapproximately65millionyearsago?

5.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheGrandCanyoncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Patternsoferosionindifferentmountainranges.

B.ForcesthatmadetheGrandCanyon.

C.TheincreasingpollutionoftheColoradoRiver.

D.ThesuddenappearanceoftheGrandCanyon.

问题2选项

A.itwascausedbysomeancientconvulsion

B.itspresenceisanembarrassmenttothestateofColorado

C.itlookslikeaninjuryontheEarth'ssurface

D.ithascausedmanyvisitorstoinjurethemselves.

问题3选项

A.aseriesofvolcaniceruptions

B.thecollapseofrockformationsintheColoradoPlateau

C.asuccessionoffloodsfromtheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

D.theEarth’sinternalpressureliftingtheColoradoPlateauregion

问题4选项

A.TotheeastofwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver’

B.TothewestoftheHualapaiRiver

C.AtthesourceoftheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

D.BetweentheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

问题5选项

A.Itscontoursareconstantlychanging

B.Thecuttingactionscarvenewstreamsalongitssides

C.Itseruptionshaveincreasedinrecentyears

D.Itisbeingerodedbytoxicwasteandpollutants

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。首段提出大峡谷的形成是一个缓慢而有序的侵蚀过程，中间两段则是对大峡谷的形成原因和过程进行了详细分析，最后一段指出大峡谷的形成原因还包括其他一些外力因素。因此B项“导致大峡谷产生的各种力量”符合文章主旨。

第2题:判断推理题。对于“wound”的理解可参考:thisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface(地球表面上的这道巨大的伤痕)。因此这里使用了比喻的修辞手法。C项“它（即大峡谷）看起来像地球表面上的一个伤口”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第三段指出:Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure(大约6500万年前，大峡谷地区的高原平面由于内部压力而向上隆起)。因此D项“地球的内部压力抬起了科罗拉多高原地区”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai.flowingwestoftheupwarp(位于该上翘东边的这些河中的一条是科罗拉多河的前身。另一条被称为华拉派河的河流在该上翘的西边……)。由此可知，大约6500万年前，上翘的地理位置在华拉派河和如今的科罗拉多河之间。

第5题:判断推理题。最后一段指出:Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative(从那以后，大峡谷的形成一直是累积的)，因此，A项“它的轮廓是不断变化的”正确。

11.单选题

TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployersandcouldpossiblyreversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries.

TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldallowauniontoberecognizedaftercollectingamajorityofvotecards,insteadofwaitingfortheNationalLaborRelationsBoardtooverseeasecretballotelection,whichcanoccurmorethan50daysafterthecardvoteiscompleted.

RepresentativesofbusinessonCapitolHillopposethebill.TheNationalAssociationofManufacturers,TheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,theU.S.ChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftawayfromsecretballotssayingthechangecouldthreatentheprivacyoftheworkers.“Thisisn’taboutpreventingincreasedunionizationit’saboutprotectingrights,’’saidtheNationalAssociationofManufacturer’sJasonStraczewski,ofhisorganization’soppositiontobill.Straczewskisayseliminatingthesecret-ballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion（强迫，胁迫）fromunions.

SamueloftheAFL-CIOcontendstherealcoercioncomesfromemployers.“Workerstalkingtoworkersareequalswhilemanagerstalkingtoworkersaren’t,”Samuelsaid.Hecitesthe31,358casesofillegalemployerdiscriminationactedonbytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardin2005.

Samuelalsopointsoutthatcountertoclaimsfromthebusinesslobby,thesecretballotwouldnotbeeliminated.Thechangewouldonlytakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutofthehandsoftheemployers.“Ontheground,thedifferencebetweenhavingthislegislationandnotwouldbethedifferencebetweennightandday,”saidRichardShawoftheHarrisCountyCentralLaborCouncil,whosaysitwouldhaveatremendousimpactonthelocallevel.

Thebillhasotherprovisions（条款，规定）aswell.TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldalsoimposebindingarbitration（仲裁）whenacompanyandanewlyformedunioncannotagreeonacontractafter3months.Anagreementworkedoutunderbindingcompulsoryarbitrationwouldbeineffectfor2years,afactthatStraczewskicalls,“borderlineunconstitutional.”“Idon’tseehowitwillbenefitemployeesifthey’relockedintoacontract,”saidStraczewski.

Thebill’sproponentspointtothetrendofrecognizedunionsunabletogetcontractsfromunwillingemployers.TheFederalMediationandConciliationService,theorganizationthatoverseesarbitration,reportedthatin2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers.Thebillwouldalsostrengthenthepenaltiesforcompaniesthatillegallycoerceorintimidateemployees.Asitstands,thelawonthebookshasn’tchangedsubstantiallysincetheNationalLaborRelationsActwasmadeintolawin1935.TheNLBRcanenforcenootherpenaltythanreinstatingwrongfullyfiredemployeesorrecoveringlostwages.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Accordingtoitsopponents,thebill（）.

3.Theword"it"（Line5,Para.5）refersto（）.

4.PeoplesupportthebillbecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT（）.

5.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

问题1选项

A.Housebillaimstospurlaboruniongrowth.

B.Housebillaimstocounterlaboruniongrowth.

C.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstospuremployment.

D.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstoraiseemployee’sincome.

问题2选项

A.willprotectemployees'rights

B.willbenefitworkersbybindingcontracts

C.willempowerunionstoomuch

D.makesitpossibleforemployeestoyieldtocoercionfromunions

问题3选项

A.thechange

B.thelegislation

C.theAFL-CIO

D.thedifference

问题4选项

A.thebillwillprobablyenableunionstohavefewermembersofprivateindustries

B.thebillwillallowauniontoberecognizedearlierandhaveagreateffectonthelocallevel

C.bindingarbitrationwillbeimposedtoprotectemployeesifacontractcan’tbeagreedonbetweenarecentlyestablishedunionandacompany

D.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

问题5选项

A.fewerprivateindustriesjoinedunionsinthepast

B.workers’coercionoftencomesfromunions

C.thebillwillbeawin-and-winoneforemployeesandemployers

D.punishmentauthorizedbythebillwillbelighter

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文首段表明众议院将出台新立法，seekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployers,是为了维护工会的权利，激发工会的发展。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词opponents定位到原文第三段第三句，opponents指的是JasonStraczewski。后面他说道would open up employees to coercion (强迫：胁迫）from unions,与选项D对应。

3.语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第五段第五行，who指代的是前句中RichardShaw，it指代前句中的legislation。

4.细节判断题。题干说下列哪项不是人们支持该法案的原因，文章首段couldreverse decades of declining membership among private industries(立法有助于改善劳工与雇主之间的关系)。

5.细节推理题。最后一段提到in2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers(2004年，45%的新成立工会被雇主拒绝签订第一份合同)，因此答案为A。

12.单选题

Hisfewpersonalbelongingsmadeitpossibleforhimtomovefromplacetoplace（）.

问题1选项

A.inease

B.withease

C.atease

D.witheasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项inease无此搭配；B选项withease“熟练地；不费力地”；C选项atease“安逸，自由自在”；D选项witheasiness无此搭配。根据句意“他的个人物品很少，使得他能够毫不费力地从这个地方搬到那个地方”。选项B符合语境。

13.单选题

Theboywasso（

）inthegamethathedidn’tnoticehermotherstandingbehindhim.

问题1选项

A.attracted

B.suffocated

C.immersed

D.submerged

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attracted“被吸引的”；B选项suffocated“感到压制；感到束缚”；C选项immersed“专心于，沉浸在”；D选项submerged“浸没在水下的”。填入形容词做表语，由so...that...句型中that引导的结果状语从句的信息可知immersed(in)“专心于，沉浸在”符合题意，句意为：这个男孩专心看比赛，没有注意到她的母亲站在他身后。故答案选C。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

2.In1899,thehead

oftheU.S.PatentOfficeproposedthathisofficebeclosed,becauseeverythingthatcanbeinventedhasalreadybeeninvented.Thenhe

gotonhishorseandrodehome!

3.Thissenatorwasterribletohisstaff,particularlyhisspeech

writer.Ononeoccasion,hecalledthepoorsoulintohisofficeonFriday

afternoonatfiveo'clockandsaid,"Here'safamousquoteIwanttouse

inmyspeechonMondaymorning.ButIneedtoknowwhosaidit.Findoutby

thenoryou'refired.”Onethingyouneedtoknowisthatithappenedin1950s,

whentherewasnosuchathingcalledInternet.

4.TheChinesehaveageneralcharacteristic,aremarkableskillin

imitation,whichisexercisednotmerelyindailylife,butalsoinart.

5.LearningtherulestheMLAHandbookoutlineswillhelpyoubecome

awriterwhoseworkdeservesseriousconsideration.

【答案】1.初级和中级研究对于语言学习的科学知识同样重要。

2.1899年，美国专利局局长提议关闭他的办公室，因为所有可以发明的东西都已经发明了。然后他骑马回家了！

3.这位参议员对他的职员很差，特别是对他的演讲稿撰写人。有一次，他在星期五下午五点把这个可怜的人叫进办公室，说：“这是我想在星期一上午的演讲中引用的一句名言。但我要知道是谁说的。不然你就被解雇了。”有一件事你需要知道，那就是它发生在20世纪50年代，当时没有一种叫做互联网的东西。

4.中国人有一个普遍的特点，即在模仿上有一种非凡的技能，这个技能不仅在日常生活中运用，而且在艺术中也运用。

5.学习《MLA手册》中所概括的规则将有助于你成为一个认真考虑自己作品的作家。

15.单选题

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.indefinitely

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】indistinctly朦胧地；indefinitely无限地,不明确地；irrelevantly不相干地；independently独立地。根据句意可知应填入与inseparable相反的词,选项D符合语境。

16.翻译题

GlobalwarmingcouldtransformlargepartsofAfrica:shiftingrains,spreadingmalariaandotherinsectbornediseases,evenchangingthesizeoftheSaharaDesert.

Yet,thebulkoftheworld'sclimateforecastinghasbeenconcentratedonthoseregionsthathostthesupercomputersthatcandoit:theU.S.,Europeandtherestofthedevelopedworld.

That’ssettochange.Meetingforjustthethirdtimesince1979,theWorldClimateConferenceestablishedaframeworklastweekforextendingscience-basedclimatepredictionstoall.Thinktheweatherforecast,onlylarger.

Thisconferenceisfamousfor,amongotherthings,creatingtheInternationalPanelonClimateChange,whosereportshavewarnedtheworldofacceleratingclimatechange.Thegoalofthisnewframeworkistobetterenableallcountriestoadapttothatfutureclimate.Tothatend,itcallsforexpandedobservationsoftheglobalclimate,publicaccesstoclimate