考研考博-英语-华北理工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华北理工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically“proved”byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethisprinciple.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthofthenation,eitherbythelawsofnatureorbythoseofsociety.Theopinions,whichwerecurrentahundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorance,lackofresponsibility,areoutdated.InallWesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeenintroducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistenceincaseofunemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,eveniftheseconditionsarenotpresent,everyonehastherighttoreceivethemeanstosubsist;inotherwords,hecanclaimthissubsistenceminimumwithouthavingtohaveany“reason.”Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimitedtoadefiniteperiodoftime,let’ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragingofanabnormalattitudewhichrefusesanykindofsocialobligation.

Thismaysoundlikeafantasticproposal,butso,Ithink,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeopleahundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachpersonwereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionrestsonthefallacyoftheinherentlazinessinhumannature.Actually,asidefromabnormallylazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethantheminimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.

However,thesuspicionsagainstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundlessfromthestandpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipofcapitalforthepurposeofforcingotherstoaccepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernottostarve,workwouldhavetobesufficientlyinterestingandattractivetoinduceonetoacceptit.Freedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandrejectit;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.

Butsuchasystemwouldnotonlybethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees,itsprincipaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife.

1.Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto（）.

2.Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat（）.

3.Thewriterarguesthatasystemofsocialinsuranceshould（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,asystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimum（）.

问题1选项

A.theslowdevelopmentoftheeconomy

B.thepoorandjoblesspeople’sownfaults

C.thelackofresponsibilityonthepartofsociety

D.thelargenumberofpeoplewhowerenotwell-educated

问题2选项

A.thepresentsystemofsocialinsuranceshouldbeimproved

B.everybodyshouldbegrantedaminimumofsubsistencewithoutany“reason”

C.everybodyhastherighttoshareinthewealthofthecountry

D.peoplehavetochangetheirattitudetowardsthepoor

问题3选项

A.providebenefitsforthesick,oldandunemployed

B.encouragepeopletotakeonmoresocialobligations

C.guaranteeeveryonetherighttobeemployed

D.provideeveryonewiththerighttoaminimumsubsistenceforacertainperiod

问题4选项

A.demandstoomuchfromsociety

B.makesfreedomofcontractimpossible

C.helpspeopletakeinterestintheirwork

D.helpsbringaboutchangesintherelationshipamongpeople

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto______.1.过去，人们认为贫穷和失业是因为______。

A.theslowdevelopmentoftheeconomyA.经济发展缓慢

B.thepoorandjoblesspeople’sownfaultsB.穷人和失业者自己的错误

C.thelackofresponsibilityonthepartofsocietyC.社会责任的缺失

D.thelargenumberofpeoplewhowerenotwell-educatedD.大量没有受过良好教育的人

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第四句“一百年前流行的观点认为穷人的处境是由于他们的无知和缺乏责任感，现在这种观点已经过时了”，可知，过去，人们认为贫穷和失业是因为穷人和失业者自己的无知和缺乏责任感，B项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“经济发展缓慢”和D项“大量没有受过良好教育的人”没有提到，无中生有；

C项“社会责任的缺失”太片面，以偏概全。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat______.2.现在人们普遍认为______。

A.thepresentsystemofsocialinsuranceshouldbeimprovedA.现行的社会保险制度应该得到完善

B.everybodyshouldbegrantedaminimumofsubsistencewithoutany“reason”B.每个人都应该在没有任何“理由”的情况下获得最低生活保障

C.everybodyhastherighttoshareinthewealthofthecountryC.人人都有分享国家财富的权利

D.peoplehavetochangetheirattitudetowardsthepoorD.人们必须改变对穷人的态度

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第三句“现在人们普遍认为（Itisgenerallyacceptedthat），无论是自然法则还是社会法则，都不应该把任何人排除在国家财富之外”，这也就是说，人人都有权利分享国家的财富。C选项符合题干。

【干扰项排除】

A项“现行的社会保险制度应该得到完善”和D项“人们必须改变对穷人的态度”没有提到，无中生有；

B项“每个人都应该在没有任何‘理由’的情况下获得最低生活保障”，这是作者的观点，属于张冠李戴。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Thewriterarguesthatasystemofsocialinsuranceshould______.3.作者认为社会保险制度应该______。

A.providebenefitsforthesick,oldandunemployedA.为病人、老人和失业者提供福利

B.encouragepeopletotakeonmoresocialobligationsB.鼓励人们承担更多的社会责任

C.guaranteeeveryonetherighttobeemployedC.确保每个人都有就业的权利

D.provideeveryonewiththerighttoaminimumsubsistenceforacertainperiodD.使人人享有某时期最低生活保障的权利

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第一段最后两句“我想更进一步，认为即使没有这些条件，每个人都有权利获得生存手段；换句话说，他可以不需要任何‘理由’就主张最低限度的生存。然而，我建议，它应该被限制在一个确定的时间，比如说两年，以避免鼓励一种不正常的态度，拒绝任何社会义务。”，从中可知，作者认为在有限的时间内，每个人都可以领取最低生活保障且无需任何理由。D项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“为病人、老人和失业者提供福利”，这不是作者的观点，属于张冠李戴；

B项“鼓励人们承担更多的社会责任”和C项“确保每个人都有就业的权利”在文中没有提到，无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Accordingtothewriter,asystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimum______.4.据作者介绍，最低生活保障制度______。

A.demandstoomuchfromsocietyA.对社会要求太多

B.makesfreedomofcontractimpossibleB.使契约自由成为不可能

C.helpspeopletakeinterestintheirworkC.帮助人们对他们的工作产生兴趣

D.helpsbringaboutchangesintherelationshipamongpeopleD.有助于改变人与人之间的关系

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“……，它的主要好处将是改善日常生活各个领域的人际关系的自由（theimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife）”，从中可知，作者认为最低生活保障制度有助于改善人际关系。所以选项D符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A项“对社会要求太多”没有提到，无中生有；

B项“使契约自由成为不可能”，原文倒数第二段最后一句提到“只有当双方都能自由地接受和拒绝契约时，契约自由才有可能”，可知，使契约自由成为不可能的是“双方不能自由地接受和拒绝契约”，与题干无关，属于张冠李戴；

C项“帮助人们对他们的工作产生兴趣”，文中并没有提到最低生活保障制度能帮助人们对工作产生兴趣，该项无中生有。

2.单选题

Wecannotalways（）thewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthattheycanalsobedrivenbywater.

问题1选项

A.hangon

B.holdon

C.counton

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析。hangon“坚持下去，不挂断”；holdon“坚持，继续”；counton“指望，依靠”；comeon“开始”。句意：我们不能总是依靠风，所以新的风车应该设计得也能由水驱动。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromdifferencesintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield:thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）

2.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT:（）

3.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith（）

4.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat（）

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldmostlogicallyconcludethelastparagraphofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

问题2选项

A.Hasunusualcreativeactivitybeencharacterizedasrevolutionary?

B.DidBeethovenworkwithinamusicaltraditionthatalsoincludedHandelandBach?

C.IsMozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroanexampleofacreativeworkthattranscendedlimits?

D.WhobesidesMonteverdiwrotemusicthattheauthorwouldconsidertoembodynewprinciplesoforganizationandtobeofhighaestheticvalue?

问题3选项

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

问题4选项

A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists

B.isacceptedimmediatelybythescientificcommunity

C.doesnotrelegateparticularstotheroleofdata

D.introducesanewvalidgeneralization

问题5选项

A.UnlikeBeethoven,however,eventhegreatestofmoderncomposers,suchasStravinsky,didnottranscendexistingmusicalforms.

B.Insimilarfashion,existingmusicalformswereevenfurtherexploitedbythenextgenerationofgreatEuropeancomposers.

C.Thus,manyofthegreatcomposersdisplayedthesamecombinationoftalentsexhibitedbyMonteverdi.

D.Bycontrast,theviewthatcreativityintheartsexploitsbutdoesnottranscendlimitsissupportedinthefieldofliterature.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:根据第一段“Forthesciences...coherentways.”对于科学来说，新理论是创造行为的目标和最终结果。创新的科学产生新的命题，根据这些命题，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联。所以，选项D符合原文。

第2题:根据第二段的内容可知，只有选项D除了蒙特威尔第，还有谁写的音乐，作者认为它体现了新的组织原则，具有很高的审美价值，这个在文中没有提及。

第3题:根据第一段的最后两句，具有高度创造性的艺术家所创作的美学细节，以一种创新的方式，扩展或利用现有形式的局限，而不是超越这种形式。由此推断是持怀疑的态度，选择A正确。

第4题:根据第一段“Innovativescience...anewtheory.”创新的科学产生新的命题，根据这些命题，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联。像明亮钻石或筑巢的鸟这样的现象被归为数据的作用，作为形成或测试新理论的手段。选项D引入一个新的有效的推广表述正确。

第5题:根据第二段的内容可以推断出，选项B以类似的方式，现有的音乐形式被下一代伟大的欧洲作曲家进一步利用更能概括本段内容，所以，选项B正确。

4.单选题

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth;whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillionsmoreareoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresourcesawayfromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythanisexpendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowinnutritionalvalue,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefarmorethantheyneed—anotherirony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,mostadults—ofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3,800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompeteforsalesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaignsdirectedtowardschildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothinkofanymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainlynottheagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployarmiesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibitovereating.

1.Thegreatironyof21stcenturyglobalpublichealthrefersto（）.

2.Toaddressthefundamentalcauseoftheobesityepidemic,accordingtothepassage,is（）.

3.Aswecanlearnfromthepassage,thesecondironyrefersto（）.

4.Asaresultofthethirdirony,people（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeexcludedbasedonthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thecauseofobesityanditscounteractivemeasures

B.theinsufficientandsuperfluousconsumptionoffood

C.thescarcenaturalresourceandthenegligenceoffoodsecurity

D.theconsumptionoffoodandtheincreasedriskofdiet-relateddiseases

问题2选项

A.toimprovepoliticalandeconomicmanagement

B.tocopewiththeenergyimbalanceissue

C.tocombatdiet-relatedchronicdiseases

D.toincreaseinvestmentinglobalhealth

问题3选项

A.affluenceandobesity

B.foodenergyandnutritionalvalue

C.foodbusinessandeconomicprosperity

D.diseasesofcivilizationandpathologyofinactivity

问题4选项

A.consume3800kilocaloriesonadailybasis

B.complainaboutfoodoverproduction

C.havetoraisetheirfoodexpenses

D.aredriventowardsweightgain

问题5选项

A.Theeconomicdimension.

B.Thepoliticaldimension.

C.Thehumanedimension.

D.Thedietarydimension.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段“Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth;whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillionsmoreareoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases”,这是21世纪全球公共卫生的一个巨大讽刺；虽然由于经济不平等、政治腐败或战争，数以亿计的人缺乏足够的食物，但还有数以亿计的人体重过重，已增加了患与饮食有关的慢性疾病的风险。因此D选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段“Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity”,这种失衡的原因同样具有讽刺意味：繁荣程度的提高，最后一段“Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployarmiesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibitovereating”，当人们吃得更多的时候，所有国家都繁荣昌盛，所有国家都雇佣成群的说客来阻止政府采取任何措施抑制过度饮食。由此可知，要解决肥胖的流行，要从经济和政治方面进行管理。因此A选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段“Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive”,这种失衡的原因同样具有讽刺意味：繁荣程度的提高。人们用额外的收入吃得更多，少做运动。由此可知，人们在变得富裕的同时，却也有了肥胖症同样也是一种讽刺。因此A选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段“Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompeteforsalesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaignsdirectedtowardschildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.”，过多的食物迫使公司通过广告、健康宣传、新产品、更大的份量和针对儿童的活动来竞争销售。食品营销促进体重增加。由此可知，人们在这种食品过剩的大环境中，被迫摄入过多的热量，最后体重增加。因此D选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文中并未涉及到人文维度。因此C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

______anypreviousexperience,Johndoesn’tstandachanceofgettingthatjob.

问题1选项

A.Nothaving

B.Nothavinghad

C.Havingnot

D.Havingnothad

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：约翰因为没有相关经验，没有机会得到那份工作。句子前半部分是后半部分的现在分词的否定形式是notdoing，A选项Nothaving符合题意，C选项用法错误。非谓语动词不体现时态，B选项Nothavinghad是现在完成时，D选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Thetheoryputforwardbyafamousscholarataninternationalconferencecontradictsthe（）principlesofthesphereofarchitecture.

问题1选项

A.particular

B.precise

C.appropriate

D.proper

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:particular“专指的，特指的”；B:precise“清晰的；精确的；精细的”；C:appropriate“适当的”；D:proper“境界；限度；范围”。句意：—位著名学者在一次国际会议上提出的理论与建筑领域的特定原则相矛盾。被修饰的名词为“principles原理”，因此可知A为正确答案。

7.单选题

SanFranciscoclimbsandfallsovernumeroushills,whichprovides（

）viewsofthewidebayandtheGoldenGateBridge.

问题1选项

A.flashy

B.transient

C.breathtaking

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。flashy“浮华的；闪光的”；transient“短暂的；路过的”；breathtaking“惊人的；令人激动的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的；模棱两可的”。句意：旧金山起伏着无数的山脉，这提供了惊人的海湾和金门大桥的景象。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Whenmostpeoplethinkaboutchangingtheirbodyshape,theyusuallyfocusonjustlosingweight.BooksandmagazinesaboutdietingareamongthemostpopularintheworlD.Dietingisanimportantpartofstayingfitandhealthy,butlosingweightbymeansofdietingtakestime;losingweighttoofastcancausegreathealthproblems.Dietingmeanschangingone'seatinghabitstoahealthierpattern,butmanywomenmistaketheconceptofdietingandthinkthatthelessoneeats,thebetter.Asaresult,theylosehealthaswellasweight.

Aerobicexerciseisamoderateintensityworkoutthat,overacertainperiodoftime,willimprovethebody'suseofoxygen.Nowadaysaerobicexercisehasbecomeaverytrendyworkoutamongyouths.Notonlyisperformingaerobicexerciseinteresting,butitisalsoverybeneficialforhealth.Therearedifferenttypesofaerobicslikejogging,swimming,kickboxing,fitnesswalking,inlineskating,bicycling,etC.Aerobicsstrengthenstheheartandlungs.Itisalsoespeciallypopularwithwomen.

Butneitherofthesetwomethods,dietingandaerobics,canhelpshapethebody.Todothisyouneedtobuildmuscle.So,ifafirmerandshapelierbodyisyourgoal,60percentofyourexerciseroutineshouldinvolvestrengtheningmoves,andonly30percentshouldbeaerobicexercises.

Foraproperbody-shapingroutine,youshouldplanthreestrength-trainingsessionsaweekwithweights.Useweightswhichareasheavyaspossiblewhilestillallowingyoutodo8to12repsofeachexercise.Doonetothreeexercisesforeachmusclegroups-forexample,chestandbiceps,orback,shouldersandtriceps.

Youshouldcombinethiswithfast-pacedaerobicsactivities,likeswimming,cycling,walking,running,orin-lineskating,planthreetofourworkoutsaweek,15to20minuteseach,increasingthepaceeachweek.

Asyoubuildmuscle,youmayfindthatyougainweightinspiteofallofyourcalorie-burningexercise.Don'tworry.It'sprobablymuscle,whichisdenserthanfat.Andmuscleisalsoacalorie-burningtissue.Withmoremuscle,youcanburnmorecalories,evenwhenyouarenotexercising.

Whenyouaretryingtobuildmuscle,youneedtwotothreeservingofproteinaday,butthemainpartofyourdietshouldbecarbohydrates.Andinordertogettheenergyyouneedforahigh-intensityworkout,youshouldeatsomething,especiallycarbohydrates,anhourorsobeforeyourworkout.

Whileweighttrainingwillfirmandshapeyourbody,ithasotherbenefitstoo.Itimprovesboneandmusclestrengthandburnscalories,leadingtoimprovedhealthandahigherqualityoflife.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutdieting?

2."Workouts"includeallthefollowingexcept（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthesuggestionsgiveninthepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.What'stheultimatepurposeofstrength-trainingwithweights?

问题1选项

A.Dietingisaboutchangingone'seatinghabits.

B.Dietingdoesnotnecessarilymeaneatinglessthanoneusedto.

C.Dietingdoesnotnecessarilymeanlosingweight.

D.Losingweightisboundtocausegreathealthproblems.

问题2选项

A.bicycling

B.dieting

C.weighttraining

D.aerobicexercise

问题3选项

A.Exerciseshouldbedoneforeachmajorgroupofmuscles.

B.Whenyoudoweight-training,theweightsyouuseshouldbeasheavyaspossible.

C.Goonaproperdietformuscle-building.

D.Muscle-buildingexerciseshouldbecombinedwithaerobicactivities.

问题4选项

A.Muscle-buildingexerciseresultsinweight-gaining,butthatisnotaproblemtoworryabout.

B.Musclehelpsonekeepfit.

C.Improvedmusclestrengthcanleadtoahigherqualityoflife.

D.Weight-traininghelpsshapeupyoubody.

问题5选项

A.Toincreasethepaceofyouraerobicexercise.

B.Toburnmorecaloriesandloseweight.

C.Tobuildmuscleandloseweight.

D.Toshapeyourbodyandmakeyourlifemoreenjoyable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据第一段的倒数第二句"Dietingmeanschanging...oneeats,thebetter."可知选项A和B均正确；根据第一段第三句的上半句"Dietingisanimportantpartofstayingfitandhealthy,..."可知选项C正确；根据第一段第三句的下半句"losingweighttoofastcancausegreathealthproblems."减肥过快会导致严重的健康问题。选项D缺少toofast这个条件,所以不正确。

2.细节判断题。根据第三段的第一句"Butneitherofthesetwomethods,dietingandaerobics,canhelpshapethebody."可知dieting和workout是并列关系,并非包含关系。所以选项B正确。

3.细节判断题。根据第四段的第二句"Useweightswhichareasheavyaspossiblewhilestillallowingyoutodo8to12repsofeachexercise."尽可能使用重的杠铃,同时还能做8到12次的锻炼。而不是选项B中所说的越重越好,所以选项B错误。

4.细节判断题。根据末段的最后一句"Itimprovesboneandmusclestrengthandburnscalories,leadingtoimprovedhealthandahigherqualityoflife.".健康状况的改善才能提髙生活质量,而不是增加肌肉力量,选项C本末倒置,所以错误。

5.细节判断题。根据末段的最后一句"Itimprovesboneandmusclestrengthandburnscalories,leadingtoimprovedhealthandahigherqualityoflife."体能训练的最终目的是改善健康状况,从而提髙生活质量。所以选项D符合原文。

9.单选题

Youcannotimaginehow（）Ifeelwithmydutiessometimes.

问题1选项

A.overflowed

B.overthrown

C.overwhelmed

D.overturned

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你无法想象有时我对自己的职责感到多么不安。

考查动词辨析。overflow使溢出，使泛滥；overthrow推翻，打倒，废除；overwhelm制服，压倒，使不知所措；overturn倾覆，废除。因此C项符合句意，在此处表示“使不安”。

10.翻译题

AlotoftheforeignerswhocometoBeijingarrivewithanxiety,thinkingthattheChinesearedistant.ButIthinktheyareveryaffable,muchliketheSpanish.Sure,theyspeakadifferentlanguage,havetheirownvaluesandcodesofbehaviorbutIdonotagreewiththeviewthattheyareverystand-offish.Onejusthastomakeanefforttoconnectandneverprejudge.

HasChinachangedmeasaperson?Well,Iwouldn’trememberhowIwasbeforebecauseIwassoyoungand30yearsisalongtime.ButIsupposecominghereopenedmyeyestoalotofthings.FromtheChineseIlearnttopersevereandtohavenolimitsforeffortandwork.I’vebeeninfectedbythat.ButIalsolearnttherelativityofthings:nothingiscompletelyandabsolutelygoodandnothingiscompletelyandabsolutelybad.And,yes,thevalueofwaiting,butalsothesenseofjumpingtowardsopportunity.IlearnedalotofthingsbutIcontinuetolearn.

EventhoughI’vebeenhereforalongtimeIwouldnotsayIhavetwoidentities,aSpanishoneandaChineseone.NaturallyIamSpanishbecauseIwasbornandraisedinBarcelona.Iamhereonlyasanobserver.AndIthinkitisgoodtobeassuch.Notasonewhodoesnotknowwherehisrightfulplaceisbutonewhoisinvolved.Ido,however,believeonecanbecomeChinesebecauseChinahasastrongforce.ButIdonotthinkI’deverbecomeChinese.IcanonlysaythatIcanarriveatunderstandingofwhatitistobeChinese.

【答案】很多初到北京的外国人觉得忐忑不安，认为中国人不够热情。但我认为他们非常友好，这点很像西班牙人。当然他们说着不同的语言，有他们自己的价值和行为准则，但我不同意把他们看成是冷漠的人。一个人只是必须通过努力才能实现沟通，而绝不要武断。

中国有没有改变我的为人之道呢？噢，我都记不得我曾经是个怎么样的人，因为那时我是那么年轻，而30年是一段很长的时间。但我认为，我来这里见识了许多事情。我从中国人身上学到了百折不挠和不遗余力地工作。我被这些精神感染了。但我也学会了事物的相对性：凡事没有绝对的好，也没有绝对的坏。此外，是的，我还学会了等待的价值，还有把握机遇的意义。我学到了很多但我还将继续学习。

尽管我在这里很长时间了，我不想说我具有两种身份，一个西班牙人和一个中国人。本质上讲我是西班牙人，因为我在巴塞罗那出生成长。我在这里只是作为一个旁观者。而我认为这样很好。不是作为一个不知自己确切身份的人，而是一个具有参与感的人。尽管我的确相信一个外国人有可能变成中国人，因为中国具有一种强大的力量。但我不认为我曾一度成为中国人，我只能说，我能够理解怎样才算是中国人。

11.单选题

Oneafternoonwhileshewaspreparingdinnerinherkitchen,AnnePeters,a32-year-oldAmericanhousewife,suddenlyhadseverepainsinherchestaccompaniedbyshortnessofbreath.Frightenedbythethoughtthatshewashavingaheartattack,Annescreamedforhelp.HerhusbandimmediatelyrushedAnnetoanearbyhospitalwhereherpainswerediagnosedashavingbeencausedbypanic,andnotaheartattack.

MoreandmoreAmericansnowadaysarehavingpanicattacksliketheoneexperiencedbyAnnePeters.BenjaminCrocker,apsychologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,revealthatasmanyastenmillionadultAmericanshavealreadyexperiencedorwillexperienceatleastonepanicattackintheirlifetime.Moreover,studiesconductedbytheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthintheUnitedStatesdisclosethatapproximately1.2millionadultindividualsarecurrently

sufferingfromsevereandrecurrentpanicattacks.

Theseattacksmaylastforonlyafewminutes;some,however,continueforseveralhours.Thesymptomsofpanicattacksbearsuchremarkablesimilaritytothoseofheartattacksthatmanyvictimsbelievethattheyareindeedhavingaheartattack.

Panicattackvictimsshowthefollowingsymptoms:theyoftenbecomeeasilyfrightenedorfeeluneasyinsituationswherepeoplenormallywouldnotbeafraid;theysuffershortnessofbreath,experiencechestpains,aquickheartbeat,suddenfitsoftrembling,afeelingthatpersonsandthingsaroundthemarenotreal;andmostofall,afearofdyingorgoingcrazy.Apersonseizedbyapanicattackmayshowallorasfewasfourofthesesymptoms.

Therehasbeenalotofexplanationsastothecausesofpanicattacks.Manyclaimthatpsychologicalstresscouldbealogicalcause,butasyet,noevidencehasbeenfoundtosupportthistheory.However,studiesshowthatmorewomenthanmenexperiencepanicattacksandpeoplewhodrinkalotaswellasthosewhousedrugsaremorelikelytosufferattacks.

Itisreportedthatthereareatleastthreesignsthatindi