考研考博-英语-三峡大学科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三峡大学科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

In1924,aMexicanphilosopherwroteabookdreamingofthepossibilitythat,inthefuture,allracesontheplanetwouldmergeintoonetypeofman.ThisofmanisbeingborneinLosAngeles,intheculturalsenseifnottheanthropological(a.人类学的)sense.Avastmosaic(n.拼盘)ofdifferentraces,cultures,religions,andmoralhabitsareworkingtowardonecommonaim.Fromtheperspectiveofaworldsubmergedinreligious,ethnic,andracialconflict,thisharmoniouscooperationissomethingunbelievable.Itistrulystriking.

Whatiscommonaimthatharmonizescompetingculturesinoneplace?

Itisnotonlythebetterlivingstandard.WhatattractsimmigrantstoAmericaistheessentialcharacteristicofAmericanculture:thechancetotry.Thereisacombinationoftwothingsthatareimportant:cultureandspace.Thecultureallowsyoutotrytobesomebody——tofindyourself,yourplace,yourstatus.Andthereisspacenotonlyinageographicalsense,butinthesenseofopportunity,ofsocialmobility.Insocietiesthatareincrisisorarestagnant(a.停滞的)——orevenarestable——thereisnochancetotry.

IftheimmigranttoAmericaatfirstfails,healwaysthinks,“Iwilltryagain.”Ifhehadfailedintheoldsociety,hewouldbediscouragedandpessimistic,acceptingtheplacethatwasgiventohim.InAmerica,he’sthinking,“Iwillhaveanotherchance,Iwilltryagain.”Thatkeepshimgoing.He'sfullofhope.

【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲学家在他的一本著作中，梦想着未来地球上所有不同种族都融合成一种类型人的可能性。在文化的意义上，即便不是在人种的意义上，这样一种类型的人正在洛杉矶诞生。由不同种族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行为组成的巨大合成体正奔向一个共同的目标。世界充满着宗教的、种族的、民族的冲突，从这个角度来看，这种融洽的合作令人难以置信。也的确令人瞩目。

使得在一个地区的相互竞争的文化和谐共存的共同目标是什么呢？

目标不仅仅是更高的生活水准。吸引移民前来美国的是美国文化的主要特性：有尝试的机会。文化与空间这两个重要方面结合了起来。文化使你得想办法出人头地——去发现自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。还有空间，不仅仅是地理意义上的空间，更是指机会，指社会身份的流动性。在充满危机的社会中，在停滞不前的社会中——甚至在那些稳定的社会中——没有尝试的机会。

如果美国移民开始时遭遇失败，他总是想：“我要再试一下”。如果他在原来的社会中遭遇失败，他就会失去信心，变得悲观失望，接受自己所处的地位。在美国，他想的是：“我还会有机会，我还要试一下。”这使他坚持下去。他充满了希望。

2.单选题

strophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,“two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.

Therapidadvancesmadeinx-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstarratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,x-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.

Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.

Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz'workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpredictionsoftheinstabilityofaccretiondiskswerebasedonwhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAbramowicz’workcanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?

5.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Thepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabouttheprogressofknowledgeinastrophysics?

7.Thepassagesuggeststhat,comparedtothestudyofordinarystars,thestudyofaccretiondisksis（

）.

8.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz’workisthatit（

）.

问题1选项

A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicists

B.providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewwork

C.definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobserved

D.exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk

E.describingthephenomenonofaccretiondisksandreviewingseveralconflictingtheoriesoftheirorigins

问题2选项

A.AcalculationoftheprobableeffectsofstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

B.AcalculationoftheprobablerelationshipbetweengeneralrelativityandstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

C.Acalculationoftheenergyreleasedbyfrictionwithinacompactstar

D.Observationofthex-raysradiatedbycompactstars

E.Observationoftheclumpingofaccretiondiskmatterintoringsaroundcompactstars

问题3选项

A.uncertainapproval

B.unqualifiedrespect

C.mildinterest

D.carefuldismissal

E.hostileskepticism

问题4选项

A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.

B.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.

C.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.

D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.

E.Itexplainsthebehaviorofaccretiondisksaswellasthatofordinarystars.

问题5选项

A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.

B.Improvedtechniquesinx-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.

C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.

D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.

E.Thegravitationalpotentialofcompactstarsdoesnotvaryfromstartostar.

问题6选项

A.Adherencetooutdatedtheorieshas,inthepast,limitedtheactivitiesofastrophysicistsandrestrictedprogress.

B.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredonlyasaresultofsignificantbreakthroughsinbasicphysicsandchemistry.

C.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredasaresultofaprocessofdefiningandsolvingrestrictedproblems.

D.Giventherecentacquisitionofknowledgeaboutthenuclearprocessesofstars,furtherprogressislikelytobelimitedtotherefinementofwhatisalreadyknown.

E.Conclusionsinastrophysicshave,inthepast,beenseriouslyflawed,thuslimitingprogress,althoughtherehaverecentlybeensignsofchange.

问题7选项

A.derivative

B.moresophisticated

C.lessclearlyfocused

D.atanearlierstageofdevelopment

E.moredependentontechnologicaladvances

问题8选项

A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystar

B.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstar

C.acollisionbetweentwostars

D.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstar

E.theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar

问题9选项

A.providesameansofmeasuringthegravitationalpotentialofneutronstars

B.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomy

C.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisks

D.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars

E.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:E

第9题:E

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文，原文多次出现关键词“accretiondisks”“newinsights”,从而即可了解作者的写作主旨，得出本题答案。

2.细节推断题。根据题干关键词“instability”将信息点定位到原文第四段第二、三句。“Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.”从而得出本题答案。

3.

观点态度题。根据题干关键词“Abramowicz’work”，可将信息点定位到原文最后一段最后一句。“Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.（阿布拉莫维奇的工作是一个很有价值的例子，说明在得出关于吸积盘的结论之前必须小心谨慎。）”作者对其研究是绝对的尊重。从而得出本题答案。

4.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词“thenuclearprocessesofordinarystars”,将信息点定位到原文最后一段第一句。“Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.”从而得出本题答案。

5.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词“Abramowicz’work”，将信息点定位为原文第四段第三句“Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.（在最近的工作中，Abramowicz已经表明，由广义相对论引起的附加引力效应可能会改变预期的牛顿引力关系，使圆盘保持稳定，这表明这些预测的不稳定性可能不会发生。）”，从而得出本题答案。

6.

事实细节题。信息点定位为原文最后一段第一句。根据“involvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscase（就像在本例中所做的那样，涉及到对受限问题的定义和提出解决方案）”即可得出本题答案。

7.

事实细节题。根据题干将信息点定位到原文第一段第四句。根据“Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.（吸积盘的建模仍处于初级阶段，类似于普通恒星使用基本尺度定律建模的日子，而不需要了解恒星的核反应过程。）”即可得出本题答案。

8.

细节事实题。根据题干信息将本题信息点定位到原文第二段第二句。“Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.（在这些系统中，来自普通恒星外层的物质受到附近环绕白矮星的引力影响而被吸引，普通恒星失去的物质不能直接撞击微小白矮星的表面，而是进入围绕恒星的轨道。）”从而得出本题答案。

9.

细节推断题。根据题干信息可将本题信息点定位为原文最后一段。根据段落信息合理推断后即可得出本题答案。

3.单选题

Our（

）withthePresidentattheairportwasexciting.

问题1选项

A.arrival

B.encounter

C.endeavor

D.refreshment

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意:我们在机场偶遇总统,这真的令人激动不已。只有选项B符合句意。

4.翻译题

Inalmosteveryformofmedia,includingtelevision,newspapersandmagazines,agreatdealattentionispaidtothepersonallivesofcelebrities.Itseemsthatthepubliccannotgetenoughofthiskindofnews.However,Ibelievethatthemediahavearesponsibilitytopresentabalancedviewoftheworld,aswellasrespectthelivesofpublicfigures.Therefore,Ibelievethatthemediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeople.

Forpeoplewhoarefascinatedwiththelivesofpublicfigurestherearesomeformsofmediadevotedexclusivelytothistopic.TheycansatisfytheircuriositybybuyingfanmagazinesandwatchingTVshowsdevotedtoentertainmentnews.Thegeneralmediashouldpresentalltypesofinformationbecausepeoplehavedifferentinterests.Furthermore,thepracticeofdwellingontheprivatelivesofcelebritiescanleadpeopletopaymoreattentiontothesemattersthantheyotherwisewould.Perhapsmostimportantly,themediashouldrespecttheprivacyofeveryindividual,includingpublicfigures.Theymayhavechosentobeinthepubliceye,butthatdoesgivethepublictherighttoknoweverythingaboutthem.Moreover,manystoriesaboutcelebritiesareuntrue;theyareonlygossipreportedto-increasesalesofmagazinesandothermedia.Theyareunfairtothefamousandmisleadthepublic.

Forallofthesereasons,Ibelievethatthemediashouldpaymoreattentiontomattersotherthantheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.Inthisway,theycanappealtoawideraudienceandencouragepeopletodevelopotherinterests.Inmyopinion,themediacurrentlypaytoomuchattentiontotheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

【答案】【参考译文】

几乎每一种媒体，包括电视、报纸和杂志，都把许多焦点放在名人的私生活上。公众似乎对这类新闻一直感兴趣。然而，我认为媒体有责任以公正的观点报道时事，并尊重公众人物的生活。因此，我认为媒体确实过分关注名人的私生活。

因为有些人对公众人物的生活很着迷，所以有些媒体就专门报道这个话题。他们可以通过购买针对歌迷发行的杂志和观看电视节目的娱乐新闻来满足自己的好奇心。一般媒体应该提供所有类型的信息，因为人们的兴趣各不相同。此外，老是纠缠于名人的私生活会让人们比平时更关注这些事情。也许最重要的是，媒体应该尊重每个人的隐私，包括公众人物的隐私。他们可能选择了出现在公众的视线中，但那并不表示大众有权知道他们的一切。此外，许多关于名人的故事都是不真实的；它们只是用来增加杂志和其他媒体销量的八卦报道。那些不实的报道不仅对名人不公平，还会误导公众。

基于所有这些理由，我认为媒体应该多关注公众人物私生活以外的事情。通过这种方式，他们可以吸引更广泛的受众，并鼓励人们培养其他兴趣。在我看来，目前的媒体过于关注公众人物以及他们的私生活。

5.单选题

Somecityplannersbelievethateachcityis（）:inotherwords,becauseofculturaldifferences,onecitycan'tsimplycopyothers.

问题1选项

A.separated

B.cutoff

C.unique

D.integrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。separated“分开的”；cutoff“切断，中断”；unique“独特的，独一无二的”；integrated“综合的，完整的”。根据冒号后面的内容：由于文化差异，一个城市不能简单地复制其他城市。由此可知，一些城市规划者认为每个城市都是独一无二的。所以选项C正确。

6.单选题

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisitbecausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotiveassemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry'swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducationhowever,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries（）.

2.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat（）.

3.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestortoshowthateducationemerged（）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation（）.

问题1选项

A.isconventionaldowngraded

B.hasbeenoverestimated

C.issubjecttogroundlessdoubts

D.hasfallenvictimofbias

问题2选项

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganize

B.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

C.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

D.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

问题3选项

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry

C.C.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

D.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

问题4选项

A.followedimprovedproductivity

B.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

C.resultsdirectlyfromthecompetitiveenvironments

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者在第一段中认为教育在贫穷国家的重要性……”。文章第一段第二句后半句提到“传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的最高优先事项之一，这种观点是错误的”(however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong)，由此可知贫穷国家教育的重要性被高估了，因此选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“日本和美国劳动力的一个主要区别是什么？”文章第二段最后提到研究表明丰田、尼桑和本田位于美国的工厂的生产率大约是日本同行的95%（YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts），由此可以推测出日本的生产率比美国的要高，因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者引用我们祖先的例子来说明教育的出现……”。文章第四段第二句话提到“我们怀疑，即使政府不强迫，持续的经济增长也会促进教育的发展”(Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit)；当我们的祖先还在狩猎和采集的时候，除了寻找食物，他们没有时间去思考其他的事情，由此可知教育之所以出现，是因为不需要去担心食物的问题，选项B“人们不再挨饿”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章最后一段可知教育的发展……”。文章最后一段的第一句提到随着教育的进步，人类的生产潜力也增加了(Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell),选项A“伴随生产力的提升”符合题意。

7.单选题

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis______translation.

问题1选项

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.homogeneous同种类的B.simultaneous同时发生（或进行）的；同步的

C.instantaneous立即的；立刻的D.spontaneous自发的；非筹划安排的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息whileaforeignplayisbeingperformed（在外国戏剧上演时）和translation可推知，在看戏剧时，解决语言问题的办法就是同声传译，simultaneoustranslation表示“同声传译”，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在外国戏剧上演时，解决语言问题最成功的方法就是同声传译。

8.单选题

Theteachersofthecollegearemakinggreateffortsto（

）intheirstudentsthehabitofspeakingEnglish.

问题1选项

A.cultivate

B.accomplish

C.assist

D.require

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。cultivate“培养，陶冶”；accomplish“完成，实现”；assist“帮助”；require“需要，要求”。句意：这所大学的老师花很多努力培养学生说外语的习惯。A项符合题意，答案A

9.单选题

Thestorywas（）;itwascompletelyuntrue.

问题1选项

A.facilitated

B.fascinated

C.fabricated

D.formulated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项facilitated“促进；帮助”；B选项fascinated“使着迷；使陶醉”；C选项fabricated“编造；虚构”；D选项formulated“规划”。句意：这个故事是……的，完全不真实。根据后面的评价completelyuntrue“一点也不真实”，可以知道这个故事是编造而成的。因此C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Thismountainrangehasmanyhigh______andfertilevalleys.

问题1选项

A.peaks

B.hills

C.phases

D.pink

【答案】B

【解析】【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项peaks“山顶；顶峰”；B选项hills“山丘；（道路的）斜坡”；C选项phases“阶段”；D选项pink“粉红色”。句意：这条山脉有许多高______和肥沃的山谷。根据语境，这里指的是这条山脉包含了许多座山，B选项hills“山丘”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Goingintothediningroomwherethebanquetwasgivenlastnight,Icanseethe（）arestillonthetable.

问题1选项

A.remains

B.relics

C.remnants

D.surplus

【答案】A

【解析】句意:走进昨晚举行宴会的餐厅后，我能看到剩余的饭菜依然在桌上。

考查名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。remain遗迹，剩余（物），残骸；relics遗物，纪念物；remnant剩余（主要的部分被使用后的剩余），遗迹；surplus剩余（指超过需要数量之外的剩余），［贸易］顺差，盈余。因此A符合句意。

12.单选题

Beinginnogreathurry,（

）.

问题1选项

A.wewentthelongrouteandscenery

B.thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference

C.wetookthelong,scenicroute

D.ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicroute.

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语前半句为现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语应为we.采取……路线通常用take…route.故C项正确。句意：由于我们不赶时间，所以选了一条长的，风景好的路线。

13.单选题

Booksdoasmuchharmasgoodandspreadfalsehoodanderror______knowledgeoftruth.

问题1选项

A.nolessthan

B.nomorethan

C.nolessas

D.nomoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项nolessthan“不少于”，B项nomorethan“只是，仅仅”，C项nolessas与D项nomoreas没有这种用法。句意：书籍所带来的利弊是均衡的，它们所传播的谎言和错误不少于知识与真理。故正确答案为A。

14.单选题

Eachofthemhadadifferent（）ofwhatactuallyhappened,butherswasfarmorebelievable.

问题1选项

A.message

B.theory

C.version

D.comment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项message“消息”；B选项theory“理论，原理”；C选项version“版本，说法”；D选项comment“评论，意见”。句意：每个人对实际发生的事情都有不同的说法，但她的说法更可信。选项C符合语境。

15.单选题

Smugglingisa（）activitywhichmightbringdestructiontooureconomy;therefore,itmustbebanned.

问题1选项

A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

【答案】C

【解析】句意:走私是一种非法活动，可能会破坏经济，因此，必须禁止。

考查形容词辨析。pertinent相关的，恰当的;fruitful富有成效的，多产的;detrimental有害的，不利的；casual随便的，非正式的。根据整个句意可知应选择表示负面意义的词，故选C。

16.单选题

（）adelay,thetrainwillarriveinShanghaiat6:30a.m.

问题1选项

A.Except

B.Barring

C.Apartfrom

D.Onaccountof

【答案】B

【解析】介词词义解析。except“除了”；barring“倘若”；apartfrom“除……以外”；onaccountof“由于”。题中adelay是一个名词，所以需填入介词。句意：倘若没有延误的话，或者应该会在上午六点半到达上海。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest.BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.

AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

1.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

3.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate（

）.

4.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

问题1选项

A.helplittletoreducegenderbias

B.poseathreattothestategovernment

C.raisewomen'spositioninpolitics

D.greatlybroadencareeroptions

问题2选项

A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

问题3选项

A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision

B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees

C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations

D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions

问题4选项

A.theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole

B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards

C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard

D.thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement

问题5选项

A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making.

C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.态度题。纵观全文，文章一直在论述该法案，在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法，下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式。请记住，这些基本上都是自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助商感觉良好