考研考博-英语-东北电力大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东北电力大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.问答题

【答案】1.【答案】And改为However

2.【答案】inbeingtreatedas改成atbeingtreatedas

3.【答案】inferiorthan改为inferiorto

4.【答案】leveledwith改为leveledagainst

5.【答案】term改为terms

6.【答案】fail改为failing

7.【答案】∧treat加上to

8.【答案】giving改为given

9.【答案】farmuchmore去掉far

10.【答案】before改为after

【解析】1.【解题思路】上一句说的是过去的情况，用到了inthepast（在过去），这一句用的是today（今天），二者形成对比，要用一个表示转折的逻辑词，并且要用逗号和句子隔开，能单独使用。所以把And改为However。

2.【解题思路】根据句意“现在的年轻女性对自己的地位远没有那么理性，她们对于自己在某些方面不如男性的对待更加咄咄逼人。”这里表示“在……方面”，所以用介词at，故把in改为at。

3.【解题思路】inferiorto是固定搭配，表示“不如，次于”，所以要把than改为to。

4.【解题思路】根据句意“由于缺乏动力是针对女性的批评之一……”，这里用介词against意为“针对，反对”，符合原文语境，所以把with改为against。

5.【解题思路】cometotermswith是固定搭配，表示“妥协，达成协议”，所以把term改为terms。

6.【解题思路】failtoreachthetop（未能到达顶峰）是做后置定语来修饰women，所以应该使用现在分词形式，所以把fail改为failing。

7.【解题思路】句中间有两个逗号隔开的句子whenawomanwithyoungchildrenappliesforpromotion（当有小孩的女性申请晋升时）是插入语成分，可先忽略不看，再将句子连起来发现，这里考查的是tendto“倾向于”这个固定搭配，所以需在treat前加上介词to。

8.【解题思路】该句的逻辑主语是Employers，句意是“如果给他们选择的机会……”，选择的机会是被给予的，所以用过去分词表被动，把giving改为given。

9.【解题思路】根据句意“这项研究的作者们推荐了一种更为积极的方式”，muchmore意为“更加，多得多”；farmuchmore意为“远得多”，不符合句意。所以应该去掉far。

10.【解题思路】根据原文可知，该句句意是“这些女性应该是想等孩子长大直到不再需要她们管之后再来找工作”，所以应该把before改为after。

2.单选题

Forthelast20yearsorsothesubjectofglobalwarminghas（）heateddebateamongtheworld’sbrightestminds.

问题1选项

A.spawned

B.injected

C.modeled

D.moved

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在过去20年左右的时间里，全球变暖这个话题在全球最聪明的头脑中引发了激烈的辩论。只有选项A有引起的意思，所以正确。

3.单选题

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

问题1选项

A.intermsof

B.bymeansof

C.inregardto

D.inlinewith

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语。intermsof“依据，按照”；bymeansof“用，依靠”；inregardto“关于”；inlinewith“符合，与……一致”。分析句子结构可知，空格处后面的内容是做方式状语，因此从A与B选项中选，根据两个词组的意思，可知选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Thephoto______happymemoriesofmyearlychildhood.

问题1选项

A.refreshes

B.bringstomind

C.stimulates

D.reminds

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项refresh“更新，消除”，B项bringtomind“使人想起”，C项stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”，D项remind“提醒，使想起”，remindsb.ofsth.表示“使某人想起某事”。根据关键词photo“照片”和happymemories“快乐回忆”可知，B选项更符合语境。句意：这张照片使我回忆起童年的快乐时光。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.单选题

Sometravelersbelievecarriersintentionallygroundhalf-filledflightstocutcost,onlytofilluplaterplanes.Mysteriouscancellationsjustrubpeoplethewrongway.OnepassengercomplainedthatanAmericanAirlinesgateagenttoldhimhedidn'thavethefoggiestideawhyaflighthadbeencancelleD.Waryoflostbagsandlongwaitsatcheck-inandluggagecarousel,manypassengerstrytolugasmuchcarry-onbaggageastheycan,slowingboardingandincreasingthestressonotherpassengers.StephanieMehas,apassenger,said,"Alwayspacktwoproperlysizedcarryons,"shesays,"butmanypeoplecomebangingdowntheaislewithmultiplebags,expectingtojamthemallintheoverheadbin."Thiscanbedangerous.Fallingcarry-onbagsannuallyinjurethousandsofpassengers.

Astothepresentsituation,veteranairlineobserverRobertPoolecontendsthatlegislationandindustrypromises"arestopgaps".Greaterregulationwilldonothingtospurinnovation,and,henotes,between1998and2010,airtravelinAmericawillhaveexpended40percenttoonebillionannualpassengers,overwhelmingourreadystrainedinfrastructure.Unlessthesystemisexpended,hepredictscustomerservicewillcontinueitsover-alldownwardtrend.Theultimatesolution,saysPoole,istocompletethe"unfinishedrevolution"thatbeganin1978withgovernmentderegulationofairlineroutesandfares.Poolebelievesthattheantiquated,overlybureaucraticair-traffic-controlsystemcouldbeprivatized,followingthesuccessfulmodelofNavCanada,whichuseshigh-techequipmentandmodernadministrativeprocedure.Anotherinnovationthathasshowngreatpromiseabroadissmaller,privatelyownedairportsofferingpoint-to-pointserviceusingnewfuel-efficientjets.Moreoftheseairportswillrelievethepressureonthebigairports,butputpressureonthecarrierstoimprove.

1.Thesentence"..didn'thavethefoggiestidea"inLine3means（）.

2.ToomuchhandbaggagecancausesomeproblemsEXCEPT（）.

3.InPoole'sview,whichofthefollowingwilldoforachange?

4.Besidesprivatization,Poolealsoputsforwardanothersolution,thatis（）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsforthetitle?

问题1选项

A.hedidn'tknow

B.heknew,butcouldn'tsay

C.bevaguelyknew

D.hewasnotinapositiontoknow试题分析

问题2选项

A.safetyproblemsonboardtheplane

B.moretimeinboarding

C.pressureonotherpassengers

D.disorderontheplane

问题3选项

A.Legislation.

B.Industrycommitment.

C.Regulation.

D.Expansionofthepresentsystem.

问题4选项

A.moreuseofjets

B.lessrestrictiononroutesandfares

C.theadoptionofhigh-techequipment

D.establishmentofsecondaryairports

问题5选项

A.TheAirlinesAreinTrouble

B.TheInefficiencyoftheAirlines

C.ProblemsandSolutionsfortheAirlines

D.TheSystemoftheAirlinesShouldChange

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节推斷题。foggiest的原形是foggy,意为"模糊的"。这句话的意思是,哪怕是模糊的信息都不清楚,也就是一点都不知道的意思。选项A正确。

2.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,行李过多会导致登机速度更慢,也增加了其他乘客的压力。放在行李架上也会有掉落的风险从而伤到其他人,所以选项A,B,C均正确,只有选项D未提及。

3.细节推断题。根据题干关键词Poole定位到第二段。根据第三句"Unlessthesystemisexpended,hepredictscustomerservicewillcontinueitsover-alldownwardtrend."他预计,除非该系统得到扩展,否则客户服务将继续全面下滑。选项D符合原文。

4.细节推断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句"Anotherinnovationthathasshowngreatpromiseabroadissmaller,privatelyownedairportsofferingpoint-to-pointserviceusingnewfuel-efficientjets."。另一项在海外表现出巨大前景的创新是小型私人机场,它们使用新型节油飞机提供点对点服务。选项A正确。

5.主旨大义题。本文讲述了航天系统所岀现的问题及其解决策略。选项C符合文章主旨。

6.翻译题

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科技和技术的进步正在使我们能够去了解宇宙最远的地方、物质最基本的成分和生命的奇迹。

与此同时，人类今天的作为和不作为，不仅危及地球上的生命，且还危害地球本身的寿命。

全球化正在让世界变得更小、更快速地运转和更富裕。但是，9/11事件和禽流感却提醒我们一个更小、更快速运转的世界不一定是一个更安全的世界。

我们的世界正充满知识，但其迫切需要智慧。现在，当（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出正变得更短、即时信息排挤短文和和个人生活变得更疯狂时，能够深思的大学毕业生是我们这个世界所需要的。

由于这些原因，我相信，并且我今天甚至更坚定地相信，大学有着独特的且无可取代的使命。

7.单选题

Iam（）toMr.MorrisonbecauseofthekindnessandconcernthatheshowedmewhenIfirstgothere.

问题1选项

A.gratified

B.indebted

C.due

D.desirous

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。gratified“称心的，宽慰的”；indebted“感激的，受惠的”；due“到期的，应付的”；desirous“渴望的，想要的”。句意：因为当我第一次到这儿时莫里森先生的友善和关心，我对此是感激的。选项B符合题意。

8.翻译题

Theeducatedmanispresumedtoknowwhatiswrongintheworld,andwhatshouldbedonetorectifyit.Ifhiseducationhasamountedtoanything,itshouldhaveincreasedhisabilitytothinkclearlyandscientifically,andthustoknowhowtogetatthecauseandeffectofpolitical,social,economicindustrialevils.Nomanhasrighttoconsidereducationasmerelyapersonalbenefitenablinghimtobemoreprosperousandhappyintheworld.Hemustlookuponitasimposinguponhimaresponsibilitytoincreasethewelfareofothers.Toomanyregarditastheirownpossession,anddonotrealizethatitissomethingtobesharedwithothers,andtobeusedforgoodofsocietyatlarge.

【答案】受过教育的人被认定能辨别是非,并能正确改正。如果他受的教育已经达到了一定程度,便能提高其进行清晰和科学思维的能力,从而了解政治、社会、经济工业犯罪所产生的原因和所造成的影响。没有任何人有资格只把教师当作自己的个人利益,利用教育使自己在这世界上变得更加富有和幸福。他必须把它看作为强加于他身上的以増加他人福利的职责。太多人把教育作为自己独有的财富,从未认识到应该与他人一起分享,将其最大限度地用在社会公益事业上。

9.单选题

Somereadersmayfindit（）thatabookarguingforgreaterliteracyandintellectualdisciplineshouldleadtoacallforlessratherthanmoreeducation.

问题1选项

A.paradoxical

B.controversial

C.appealing

D.ambiguous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项paradoxical“自相矛盾的，荒谬的”；B选项controversial“有争议的”；C选项appealing“吸引人的”；D选项ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：

一本提倡更多的精通文学和知识学科的书应该导致需要更少的而不是更多的教育，一些读者可能会觉得这是自相矛盾的。选项A符合语境。

10.单选题

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute______ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.

问题1选项

A.friction

B.function

C.fraction

D.fiction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项friction“摩擦”，B项function“功能，职责”，C项fraction“分数，部分，小部分”，D项fiction“小说，虚构，编造”。空格处需要填入一个of所属关系的名词，与thesightsandsounds（视觉和听觉）搭配，B、D可排除。由后面的thegreatmajority（大多数）可知，这里形成了对比，所以前面表示“一小部分”，C项符合。句意：我们很少能够感知到那些极其微小的落在我们感觉器官上的视觉或听觉片断，（这些片断中的）大部分从我们身边溜走了。因此，该题选择C项。

11.单选题

Markoftenattemptstoescape（）wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.

问题1选项

A.havingbeenfined

B.tobefined

C.tohavebeenfined

D.beingfined

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。首先，escape后面接动名词doing，由此可首先排除选项C和选项B；再根据句意“每当马克违反交通规则时，他总是试图逃避罚款。”这里表示的是被动语态，并不涉及完成时，所以选项D正确。

12.单选题

Wethink（

）possibleforthemtofulfilltheirtaskinafewweeks.

问题1选项

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

【答案】A

【解析】考查形式宾语。本句真正的宾语为不定式引导的tofulfilltheirtaskinafewweeks，think表示“认为，以为”是及物动词，常用于“think＋it（形式宾语）+形容词或名词（宾补）+不定式／动名词／从句（直接宾语）”结构中，因此选A。句意：我们认为他们有可能在几周内完成他们的任务。

13.单选题

（）rain,thecrops（）.

问题1选项

A.Shall,wouldbesaved

B.Should,wouldbesaved

C.Would,shouldbesafe

D.Were,mightbesafe

【答案】B

【解析】句意:要是下雨，庄稼们就有救了。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。if从句中，如果出现“should、had、were”时，

可以省略if,并且将should、had、were置于句首，即部分倒装。因此，排除A和C项。从句中的“rain”是动词，故可排除D项。综上所述,B项正确,表示对将来的虚拟。

14.单选题

Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis______orsocialposition.

问题1选项

A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项curiosity“好奇”；B选项status“身份，职位”；C选项determination“决心”；D选项significance“（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性；意思，含义”。句意：一个人穿的衣服可以体现他的______或社会地位。根据语境，这里指的是可以通过衣服看出一个人的社会信息，B选项status“身份，职位”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Insurancecompaniesprovideaservicetothecommunitybyprotectingitagainstexpectedandunexpecteddisasters.Beforeaninsurancecompanywillagreetoinsureanything,itcollectsaccuratefiguresabouttherisk.Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.Thisenablesittoquote（报价）lowfiguresfortravelinsurance.Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.

Anordinaryhouseholdermaywishtoprotecthishomeagainstfireorhispropertyagainstburglary.Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.Ifitinsuresashopandthenreceivesasuspiciousclaim,itwillinvestigatetheclaimasameansofprotectingitselfagainstfalseclaims.Itisnotunknownforabusinessmanindebttoburndownhisownpremises（房产）sothathecanclaimmuchmoneyfromhisinsurancecompany.Hecanbesurethatthefirewillbeinvestigatedmostcarefully.Insurancecompaniesalsoacceptinsuranceagainstshipwreckordisasterintheair.Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.

Everyweekinsurancecompaniesreceivepremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.Thesepaymentscanformaverylargetotalrunningintomillionsofdollars.Thecompanydoesnotleavethemoneyinthebank.Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphinthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.Theword“quote”（Line3,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatifaccidentswillhappenninetimesoutoftenormore,theinsurancecompanywill（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,ifanairplanehasanaccident-freerecord,itusuallypaystotheinsurancecompany（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwilltheinsurancecompanyNOTprovideinsuranceservicefor?

6.Howdoinsurancecompaniesmakeprofit?

7.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）.

问题1选项

A.Apassengerbyairwilltakelessriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

B.Apassengerbyairwilltakegreaterriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

C.Apassengerbyairwillhavetopaymoretotheinsurancecompanythanamountainclimber.

D.Amotoristshouldpaythehighestpricetotheinsurancecompany.

问题2选项

A.receive

B.accept

C.take

D.offer

问题3选项

A.giveamuchhigherprice

B.quotethehighestprice

C.notprovideinsuranceservice

D.chargealowerpremium

问题4选项

A.alargepremium

B.lesspremium

C.nopremium

D.thesamepremiumastheothercompanies

问题5选项

A.Mountaineers.

B.Ordinaryhouseholders.

C.Airlineswithanaccidentfreerecord.

D.Shopkeeperswithsuspiciousstatisticalrecords.

问题6选项

A.Byreceivingpremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.

B.Bychargingcommissiontocustomers.

C.Byinvestinginsomeindustriesandproducts.

D.Byprovidingservices.

问题7选项

A.thattheinsurancecompanyisgreedyofprofit

B.thattheinsurancecompanymakeslargesumofmoneyeveryweek

C.thattheinsurancecompanymakesagreatprofitbyinvestingitsmoneyindifferentitem

D.toshowtheinsurancecompanymakesuseofitsincomeandthereasonwhyitshoulddoso

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A：一名空中乘客被杀害的风险小于横穿交通繁忙的马路的行人。B：乘飞机的乘客比穿越繁忙道路的人面临更大的死亡风险。第一段指出：Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.（例如，它知道一个人在飞机事故中丧生的风险要小于他穿过一条繁忙的马路所冒的风险）。因此A项正确，B项错误。C：一名空中乘客必须比一名爬山者向保险公司支付更高的保费。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering（有时候，风险可能很高，就像在赛车或登山运动中的风险）。由此可知，赛车或登山运动中的风险比前面提到的空中遇难要高，C项错误。D：赛车手应该向保险公司支付最高的保费。文章并未提及此项。因此本题选A。

2.【试题解析】词义题。对于“quote”的理解可参考此句：Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（通常，保险公司会检查它的统计数据并给出保险费的……如果情况可疑，它可能会拒绝报价）。由此可知，“quote”表示“开价，报价”，故选D。

3.【试题解析】判断推理题。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.（有时风险可能很高，比如赛车或登山。然后公司会收取更高的价格。如果太多登山者发生事故，价格就会进一步上涨。如果大多数登山者从山上摔下来，公司将拒绝为他们投保）。由此可知，如果事故发生率为十分之九或更高，保险公司将拒保，故选C项“不提供保险服务”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段最后一句指出：Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.（飞机和船舶非常昂贵，所以保费也很高，但是如果受保公司没有事故记录，保险公司将减少保费）。由此可知，如果航空公司没有事故记录，它通常会向保险公司支付较低的保费，因此B项正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段指出：Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（店主可能希望投保防盗险。一般情况下，公司会对统计数据进行核对，然后追加报价。如有可疑情况，公司可能会拒绝报价）。

6.【试题解析】细节事实题。最后一段指出：Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.（它投资于房地产、股票、农场，甚至古董绘画和邮票。它的目的是获得最好的投资回报。这并不像看起来那么贪婪，因为这是一种方法，使保险公司能够降低保费为投保对象提供服务的同时继续盈利）。由此可知，C项“通过投资一些行业和产品”正确。

7.【试题解析】主旨大意题。最后一段主要讲的是保险公司如何利用收取的保费进行投资、降低保费继续盈利进而造福社会，因此D项“说明保险公司利用其收入和为什么这么做的原因”比较符合最后一段大意。

16.单选题

Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI（）.

问题1选项

A.can

B.had

C.spoke

D.could

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我不会说日语，但是我确实希望我可以。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。在与现在事实相反的句子中，应用should,would,might或could。

17.单选题

By1776thefineartofpaintingasithaddevelopedinwesternEuropeuptothistimehadbeenintroducedintotheAmericancoloniesthroughbooksandprints,Europeanvisitorsandimmigrants,andtravelingcolonistswhobroughtbackcopies(andafeworiginal)ofoldmasterpaintingsandacquaintancewithEuropeanartinstitutions.

BytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionagainstBritishrulein1776,thestatusoftheartistshadalreadyundergonechange.Inthemid-eighteenthcentury,paintershadbeenwillingtoassumesuchartisan-relatedtasksasvarnishing,gildingteaching,keepingartistsweredescribedatthetimesuggeststheirstatus:"limner"wasusuallyappliedtotheanonymousportraitpainteruptothe1760's:"painter"characterizedanyonewhocouldpaintaflatsurface.Bythesecondhalfofthecentury,colonialartistswhoweretrainedinEnglandoreducatedintheclassicsrejectedthestatusoflaborerandthoughtofthemselvesasartists.Somecolonialurbanportraitists,suchasJohnSingletonCopley,BenjaminWest,andCharlesWilsonPeale,consortedwithaffluentpatrons.Althoughsubjecttofluctuationsintheireconomicstatus,allthreeenjoyedsufficientpatronagetoallowthemtomaintainanimageofthemselvesasprofessionalartists,animageindicatedbytheircustomofsigningtheirpaintings.AfewartcollectorsJamesBowdoinIIIofBoston,WilliamByrdofVirginian,andtheAliensandHamiltonsofPhiladelphiaintroducedEuropeanarttraditionstothosecolonistsprivilegedtovisittheirgalleries,especiallyaspiringartists,andestablishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueofartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.

Althoughthecoloniststendedtofavorportraits,theyalsoacceptedlandscapes,historicalworks,andpoliticalengravingsasappropriateartisticsubjects.WiththecomingofindependencefromtheBritishCrown,asufficientnumberofartistsandtheirworkswereavailabletoservenationalisticpurposes.Theachievementsofthecolonialartists,particularlythoseofCopley,West,andPeale,lentcredencetotheboastthatthenewnationwascapableofencouraginggeniusandthatpoliticallibertywascongenialtothedevelopmentoftaste—anecessarystepbeforeartcouldassumeanimportantroleinthenewrepublic.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,beforetheAmericanRevolutionthemaintaskoflimnerswasto（）

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatartistswhoweretrainedinEngland（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,artistssuchasCopley,WestandPealesignedtheirpaintingsbecausethis（）

5.TheauthormentionsJamesBowdoinIIIandWilliamByrdinParagraph2asexamplesofwhichofthefollowing?

6.Withwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.EuropeaninfluenceoncolonialAmericanpainting.

B.Theimportanceofpatronagetoartists.

C.ThechangingstatusofartistsintheAmericancoloniesintheeighteenthcentury.

D.SubjectspreferredbyartistsintheAmericancoloniesintheeighteenthcentury.

问题2选项

A.paintwheelcarriages

B.paintportraits

C.varnishfurniture

D.paintflatsurfaces

问题3选项

A.consideredartiststobesuperiortopainters

B.barelypaintedportraitists

C.wereoftenverywealthy

D.imitatedEnglishpainters

问题4选项

A.increasedthemonetaryvalueofthepaintings

B.madeitmoredifficultforotherartiststocopythepaintings

C.supportedtheartists'imageofprofessionalism

D.distinguishedcolonialAmericanartistsfromEuropeanartists

问题5选项

A.ArtgalleryownerswhodisplayedonlyEuropeanart.

B.ArtcollectorswhohadaprofoundinfluenceonAmericanattitudestowardart.

C.Artistswhogavefinancialsupporttootherartists.

D.Patronswhohelpedtoencourageartisanstobecomeartists.

问题6选项

A.Countriesthathavenothadapoliticalrevolutionareunlikelytodevelopgreatart.

B.Themostsuccessfulartcollectorsareusuallyartiststhemselves.

C.ThevalueofcolonialAmericanpaintingsdecreasedaftertheRevolution.

D.Colonialartistsmadeanimportantcontributiontotheevolvingcultureofthenewnation.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨题。分析全文可知第二段首句为中心句。“BytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionagainstBritishrulein1776,thestatusoftheartistshadalreadyundergonechange.”选项C提到18世纪美国殖民地艺术家地位的变化，符合原文。

第2题:细节判断题。根据关键词“limner”定位到第二段的第二句“limnerwasusuallyappliedtotheanonymousportraitpainteruptothe1760's”。选项B正确。

第3题:细节推理题。根据题干关键词“trainedinEngland”定位到第二段的第三句“colonialartistswhoweretrainedinEnglandoreducatedintheclassicsrejectedthestatusoflaborerandthoughtofthemselvesasartists.”在英国受训或接受古典文学教育的殖民地艺术家拒绝劳动者的身份，认为自己是艺术家。选项A符合原文。

第4题:细节推断题。根据题干关键词“Copley,WestandPeale”定位到第二段的四、五句“...allthreeenjoyedsufficientpatronagetoallowthemtomaintainanimageofthemselvesasprofessionalartists,...”它们都得到了足够的资助，使它们保持了专业艺术家的形象。选项C符合原文。

第5题:细节推理题。根据第二段的最后一句“establishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueofartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.”可以理解为一些对艺术发展起到了作用的收藏者。选项B符合原文。

第6题:细节推断题。根据原文最后一段的最后一句“anecessarystepbeforeartcouldassumeanimportantroleinthenewrepublic.”殖民时期的艺术家对这个新兴国家不断发展的文化做出了重要贡献。选项D符合原文。

18.单选题

Modempersuasionadvertisingblossomedasafunctionofmarketsthatwerelesscompetitivebyeconomists'standards,andaregenerallyreferredtoasoligopolies.Thesearemarketswhereahandfuloffirmsdominateoutputorsalesintheindustry,andwheretheyhavesufficientmarketpowerthattheycansetthepriceatwhichtheirproductsells.Thekeytoanoligopolyisthatitisverydifficultfornewcomerstoenterthemarket,nomatterhowprofitableitmaybe,becauseofthepoweroftheexistingplayers.Underoligopolythereisstrongdisincentivetoengageinpricewarfaretoexpandone'smarketshare,becauseallthemainplayersarelargeenoughtosurviveapricewarandallitwoulddoisshrinkthesizeoftheindustryrevenuepiethatthefirmsarefightingover.Indeed,thepriceinanoligopolisticindustrywilltendtogravitatetowardwhatitwouldbeinapuremonopolysothecontendersarefightingforslicesofthelargestpossiblerevenuepie.

Atfirstblush,thisisaprettyaccuratepictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.Theeconomyhasbecomefarmoremonopolisticoverthepastthirtyyears.Itisalsoagoodway,thoughbynomeanstheonlyway,tounderstandtheemergenceanddominanceofadvertising.Althoughfirmsarenotinwhateconomiststermcompetitivemarkets,theyaremostdefinitelyengagedinmonopolisticcompetitionwitheachothertomaximizetheirprofits.Advertisingemergesfrontandcenterasamajorwaytoincreasemarketsharewithoutengagingindestructiveprofit-damagingpricecompetition.

Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections,meaningthereareusuallyonlytwooptionsthatcouldconceivablywin,and,asinanoligopoly,theseduopolistshaveusedtheir"marketpower"—inthiscasecontroloverelectionlawstomakeitallbutimpossibleforathirdpartytosuccessfullyestablishitselfasalegitimatecontender.Evenprimaryelectionsarealmostalwaysamatterofnomorethantwoorthreeviableentrantsexceptinaverysmallnumberofraces.Ineconomictheorythisleadstoaninterestingconclusion:asJ.Schorhasputit,thesmartplayforafirminaduopolyistoactliketheotherfirm,nottodifferentiateitself.

Macphersonwasamongthefirsttounderstandmodemelectoralpolitics-thetwo-partysystem-intermsofoligopolisticandduopolisticmarketpractices.“Wheretherearesofewsellers,"Macphersonwroteconcerningpoliticalparties,"theyneednotanddonotrespondtobuyers'demandsastheymustdoinafullycompetitivesystem."Thismeansthattheparties,likeoligopolisticfirms,can"createthedemandforpoliticalgoods"andlargelydictatethe"demandscheduleforpoliticalgoods."InMacpherson'sargument,aduopolisticpartysysteminamodemcapitalistsocietyliketheUnitedStateswilltendtogravitatetoprovidinga"competitionbetweenelites,"whicharethedrivingforceand”formulatetheissues."Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.InMacpherson'sview,thetwo-partysystemwasidealfortheproductionofcitizenapathyandde-politicizationandforthemaintenanceofeliterule;i.e.whatwouldbecalleda“weakdemocracy”.

1.Withwhatthemeisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingparagraph1and2isto（）.

3.Whatdoesthephrase“frontandcenter”inparagraph2mean?

4.Thehighlightedsentence“Thebasics...ordiscussion”inthelastparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat（）.

5.Whatistheauthorlikelytotalkaboutintheparagraphfollowingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.PoliticalAdvertising.

B.OligopolyMarket.

C.WeakDemocracy.

D.ModemElectoralPolitics.

问题2选项

A.statewhypoliticaladvertisingappearedinthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturiesinAmerica.

B.emphasizethatitisarealpictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.

C.statethatthesituationinAmericanelectionrealmisthesameastheoneinitseconomicrealm.

D.explainthattheoligopolymarketeconomyhasaspecialfunctionintheU.S.economicrealm.

问题3选项

A.Infront.

B.Attheforefront.

C.Inthecenter.

D.Inthemiddle.

问题4选项

A.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinsecret.

B.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinpublic.

C.Thetwopartieswouldnotaskthepublictodiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomy.

D.Thetwopartieshavethesameideaaboutthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomysotheywouldnotdiscussthemanymore.

问题5选项

A.HeislikelytoanalyzetheissuesformulatedbyaduopolisticpartysystemintheUnitedStates.

B.HeislikelytoexplainAmericancitizenapathyanddepoliticizationindetail.

C.Heislikelytogivesomesupportingevidenceofa"weakdemocracy".

D.Heislikelytoprovidesomeexamplesofa"competitionbetweenelites"

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨题。纵观全文，文章前半部分主要提到了与经济相关的规律，垄断经济形势对经济带来了重大影响。文章后半部分将垄断经济层面延伸至