考研考博-英语-中山大学新华学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中山大学新华学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Theinitialfundofgeneralscientificknowledgeisaninvaluableasset,buttheyoungresearchworkershouldhavenoillusionabouthowlittleitiscomparedwithwhatheorsheshouldacquireduringsucceedingyears.Astotheprecisevalueofthisinitialfundofknowledge,thisdependstoagreatdegreeonhowithasbeenacquiredandonwhohasbeenimpartingit.(1)Youngscientistscannotrealizetoosoonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.

Theoriginalpapersofgreatscientistsdescribingtheirdiscoveriesandexplainingtheirtheoriesareneverasrigidandself-confidentastheresumesofthesediscoveriesandtheoriesintextbooksbyothermenoftensuggest.Youngscientistsconsultingtheseoriginalworkswillfindinthem"itappearsthat”,“itprobablymeans’’,“itseemslikelythat”n,morethanonce,asexpressionsofelementsofdoubtwhichgreatmenfeltandhonestlyputonrecord.(2)Manystatementswhichhaveappearedintextbooksasuniversalandabsolutetruthshave,intheiroriginalform,beenputforwardasonlyapproximatelytrue,ortrueonlyincertaincircumstances.

Immediatelyuponstartingonthefirstseriouspieceofresearch,ayoungscientistmustthereforedotwothings.(3)Thefirstoftheseshouldbeacarefulreadingoforiginalpapersorbooksrelatingtotheproblem,writtenbyinvestigatorswhosetechniqueandjudgmenthecantrust.Whilereadingthesepublicationsinamostattentiveandreceptivemanner,theyoungscientistmustnotfallintotheerrorofplacinginthemagreaterconfidencethantheirauthorwouldwishhimtodo.(4)Nogreatscientisteverwantshispupilstobemeretaperecorders,faithfullyrecordinghisremarks,neverquestioninganything.Neverwantingtoaddtoorsubtractfromwhathehasgiventhem.Thesecondthingayoungscientistmustdo,almostbutnotquitesimultaneouslywiththefirst,istoproceedwithobservationsandexperiments.(5)Theinitialobservationsandexperimentswillbefailures,buttheywillhelpthedevelopmentofappropriateexperimentaltechnique,andtheywillgiveagreaterunderstandingoftheliteraturetheyoungscientistisstudying.

【答案】1.年轻的科学家们要尽快意识到现在的科学知识不像许多教科书所暗示的那样全面、肯定以及不可改变。2.教科书很多普遍且绝对的真理最初只是作为接近真理或者某种特定情况下的真理而提出来的。

3.第一件事是认真阅读由那些技术和评价都值得信任的调查者写下的关于这个问题的原始论文或者书籍。4.没有哪位伟大的科学家希望他的学生仅仅像录音机似的原原本本地记录下他的话语，从来不问问题，从不想对他教授的内容进行增添或削减。

5.最开始的观察和实验会失败，但它们有助于开发合适的实验技术，并且它们有助于年轻科学家更好地理解他们正在研究的文献。

2.单选题

Hesaidhecouldnotcomebecausehe（）ameeting.

问题1选项

A.willbehaving

B.wouldhave

C.wouldbehaving

D.willhave

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。A选项willbehaving，will/shallbedoingsth为将来进行时结构，表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。例句：Wewillbehavingameetingtodecidewhattodo.（我们将开会决定该做什么。）B选项wouldhave，woulddosth为一般过去将来时结构，表示在过去的某个时候看来将要发生的动作或者存在的状态。例句：Shetoldusthatshewouldnotgowithusifitrained.（她告诉我们，如果下雨的话，她就不和我们一起去了。）C选项wouldbehaving，should/wouldbedoing为过去将来进行时结构，表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。例句：Theysaidtheywouldbecoming.（他们说他们会来的。）D选项willhave，will/shalldosth为一般将来时结构，表示将来某一时段的动作或状态。例句：Hewillgetmarried.（他就快结婚了。）在本题中，said为过去时，也就是他过去表示他不能去的原因是他过去将要开会，所以本题应该选择过去将来时。句意：他说他不能来的原因是要开会。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

3.单选题

Giving

agincanconveyawealthofmeaningaboutyourappreciationoftheir（）andtheimportanceyouplaceupon

therelationship.

问题1选项

A.solidarity

B.priority

C.superiority

D.hospitality

【答案】D

【解析】solidarity指团结;priority指优先;superiority指优越性；hospitality指好客。句意：送礼物可以表达你对主人好客的感谢以及你对友谊的重视。选项D符合句意。

4.翻译题

Likewaistlinesinmanyprosperouscountries,cellphonesaregoingXXLandsomeoftheirownersarestrugglingtotuckthemin.

JeremyRoche,47yearsold,ownsaSamsungGalaxyNoteIIphonethatisabout75%largerthantheoriginalAppleInc.iPhone,androughlythesizeandheftofanextra-largeHershey’schocolatebar,withaboutaninchnibbledofftheend.It“didfeelweird”atfirsttoholdhisbigphonetohisheadforcalls,hesays,butnowheloveshisamplescreen.

Afteryearsofevolutionfrombrick-sizemonstrositiesintoslimpocketdevices,cellphonesaregoinginreverse.SouthKorea'sSamsungElectronicsCo.iscredited—orblamed一withbringingbigphonesbackintothemainstreamwithdevicesliketheoriginal5.3-inchNote,introducedoutsidetheU.S.inlate2011.

Sometechreviewersatthetimederidedthebigphoneas“silly”，and“aphonedesignedforgiants.”Butsalesboomed,andothermakershavefollowedwithstill-bigger“phablets”,astechiesarcbeginningtocallthem—acrossbetweenaphoneandatablet.

FaresFayad,a39-year-oldconsultantinDubai,saysheusedtothinka3.5-inchcellphonescreenwasjustright,untilhetriedtheiPhone5,whichhasa4-inchscreen.“Idon’tbelieveIcangobacktotheslightlysmallerscreen,”Mr.Fayadsays,

Someergonomicsexpertsworrylamephonescouldposeaninjuryrisk.“Asthestretchtoreachallareasofthescreenincreases,wemightstarttoseemoreseriousrepetitivestressinjurieslikelytothethumbsinlargertouch-screendevices”,saysAnthonyAndre,aprofessorofhumanfactorsandergonomicsatSanJoseStateUniversity.

【答案】就像许多富裕国家居民的腰围一样，如今手机的尺寸也在逐渐增大，一些手机用户在费尽心思想把它们塞进自己的兜里。

在经历了多年来从砖头般的庞然大物向小巧口袋设备的演变后，如今手机又踏上了回头路。

有的科技评论家当时曾讥讽这款巨型手机“傻傻的”、“专为巨人设计”。

但巨型手机的销量却实现了激增，其他手机生产商也纷纷跟风推出了越来越大的、科技专家开始称之为“平板手机”的产品手机和平板电脑的跨界组合。

人类工程学的一些专家担心巨型手机可能会带来损伤的风险。由于触控全屏需增加拉伸的幅度，我们可能会开始看到越来越多由大型触屏电子设备引发的严重累积性-创伤失调，例如对拇指的损害。

5.单选题

M:Howiseverythinggoingwithyou?

W:Notbad.Say,ifyouaredonefortheday,maybewecouldcelebrateyourbirthdayatStarbucks,I’llbuy!

Q:What’sthewomandoing?

问题1选项

A.Sheismakinganinvitation.

B.Sheismakingasuggestion.

C.Sheisaskingforadvice.

D.Sheisofferingheropinion

【答案】A

【解析】根据女士说的话“如果你今天的工作完成了，也许我们可以到星巴克为你庆祝生日，我请客！”可知A选项‘她正在发出邀请。’正确。

6.单选题

ThereasonHollywoodisanaturalplaceformakingmoviesis（

）thesunshinesthereeveryday.

问题1选项

A.why

B.which

C.that

D.because

【答案】C

【解析】句意:好莱坞作为电影制作自然之地的原因在于那里每天都有太阳照射。

语法题。考查从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知空格引导表语从句,而且该引导词不在表语从句中作任何成分,故C正确。

7.单选题

Alltheories（

）frompracticeandinturnservepractice.

问题1选项

A.originate

B.restrain

C.modify

D.reflect

【答案】A

【解析】originatefrom为常用词组,表示“起源于,来源于”。句意:一切理论都来源于实践,反过来又为实践服务。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

ThefootballclubreleasedplayerJayJohnEzikpebecausehedidnot（）them,butaddedthatatthemomenttheydidnotintendtosignonanyotherplayers.

问题1选项

A.impact

B.impress

C.illuminate

D.illustrate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。impact对…影响，撞击；impress给…深刻印象；illuminate照亮；illustrate阐明，举例说明。由前面的结果“足球俱乐部让Jay退出”可猜测原因是Jay没有给人留下深刻印象。句意：足球俱乐部让Jay退出,因为他没有给他们留下深刻印象，但他补充说目前他们不打算签下任何其他球员。故B项符合题意。

9.单选题

Withordersandcounter-orders,andwithpressuremountingonallsides,thequestionofwherehewastogoagain（）.

问题1选项

A.hascometothefore

B.cametothefore

C.hadcometothefore

D.cametothespotlight

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。cometothefore“出现”。题中的句子只是一个普通的过去陈述句，所以选B。D选项“出现在聚光灯下”，不符合文章内容，可排除。句意：由于汇票、还盘以及各方面的压力的攀升，他要去哪里的问题又……出来了。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Icouldn’t（

）thelectureatall.Itwastoodifficultforme.

问题1选项

A.takeon

B.takein

C.takeover

D.takeupon

【答案】B

【解析】takeon承担,呈现；takein领会，吸收，理解；takeover接管，接收；takeupon承担。句意：我无法理解这个演讲,它对于我来说太难了。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Theyannouncedtothe（）gueststhattheywereengagedtobemarried.

问题1选项

A.adopted

B.acquired

C.accumulated

D.assembled

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。adopt“采取，采纳”；acquire“获得”；accumulate“积攒”；assemble“集合，聚集”。句意：他们向聚集在一起的客人宣布他们订婚的消息。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Backin1992,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat“themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemandinafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks.”Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.

Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.

InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsrael’sprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.DrAngristandDrLavycomparethetestscoresformathandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(ie,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclasses’teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren’stestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.

Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammercamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.

Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthor,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingthescheme’scomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.

Thebottomline,saysDrAngrist,isthat“thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky”.Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Dr.AngristandDr.Lavyhavedonethefollowingexcept（）.

3.AccordingtoDr.AngristandDr.Lavy,intheIsraelischeme,studentsdidn’tmakeimprovementintheirtestscoresbecause（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgovernments’packingcomputersinschoolsseemstobe（）.

问题1选项

A.motionpicturehasrevolutionizededucationsystem

B.Edison’spredictionhasbeenprovedwrong

C.Edisonencouragedschoolstoinstallcinemascreens

D.SchoolsarecautiousaboutEdison’sidea

问题2选项

A.comparingthetestscoresofstudentsindifferentagegroups.

B.interviewingteachersabouttheirteachingmethods.

C.launchingthecomputerprograminmanyIsraelischools.

D.explainingstudents’schoolperformance.

问题3选项

A.otheraspectsofeducationwereaffectedduetocashshortage

B.itwasnotlongenoughfortheprogramtotakeeffect

C.therewasanegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores

D.theuseofcomputerwasnobetterthanotherteachingmethods

问题4选项

A.therehasn’tbeenaproperstudyonthisissueyet

B.schoolauthoritiesshouldprovideprooftosupportthecomputerprogram

C.installingcomputersinschoolscoststoomuch,buthaslittleornoeffect

D.chalkandtalkworkbetterthancomputerinteaching

问题5选项

A.biased

B.indifferent

C.disapproving

D.puzzling

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者提到爱迪生的预言，随后指出“weallmakemistakes.”说明爱迪生的这个预言是错误的，所以选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容可知，发动计算机项目是国家政府做的，两位研究人员只是负责该项目的研究，所以选项C不正确。

3.细节事实题。由原文可知，作者提出了三种可能性，最后一种的可能性最大。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.”第三种解释是最简单的：在教学中使用计算机并不比其他教学方法更好(也许更糟)。选项D符合原文。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,...”要证明他们的观点，唯一可靠的方法当然是进行适当的研究。由此可推断吗，目前关于这个问题还没有一个恰当的研究，选项A符合原文。

5.观点态度题。根据原文第一段的内容可知，作者提到虽然爱迪生的预言是错误的，但至少爱迪生没有浪费大量的公共资金在全国各地的学校里安装电影屏幕。随即在下文提到有的国家却这样做了，以及这样做并没有带来好的反响。说明作者对政府在学校里包装电脑的态度是否定的，选项C正确。

13.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.junction

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。paradox“似是而非的论点”；junction“连接”；premise“前提，假设”；dilemma“进退两难”。题干中提及家长在面对孩子教育上有两种选择，让他们难以抉择，陷入两难。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

ThearomaofchocolateperfumestheairoftheRued’AssasinParis.EnteringChristianConstant'sstate-of-the-artboutique,youfindyourselfinthekingdomofParis'skingofchocolate,wherethehumblecocoabeanisturnedintomouth-wateringchocolateEastereggs.

Constant,whoisachef,admitsthatchocolateishispassionandmaininterestinlife.HefirstdevelopedafascinationwithchocolatewhenhewasworkingforGastonLenotre,afamousFrenchpastrychef.

EveryyearhehasathemefordecoratingEastereggs:thisyearhisdecorationsareinspiredby“ArtNouveau”.Tonighthehasadinnerfor130toorganizeandhehastoprepareathree-foot-highArtNouveau-styleEastereggbynoontomorrow.This,forConstant,isanormalschedule.

Constantbelievesthathischocolatecreationsareasmuchofaworkofartasothersculptures.Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.Constantisalsoaprofessional“nose”,workingcloselywiththeFrenchInstituteofTaste.Heiscapableofidentifying450differenttastesandflavors.Constantexplainsthatthemouth,whichcanonlytastefourthings—salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.

InhisbookTheTasteofChocolate,heexplainshowin1502ChristopherColumbuscameacrossanislandandwentashore.HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.ButColumbus,whodislikedtheoddbittertaste,continuedonhistravelsignorantofthefactthathehadjusttastedcocoa.LikeColumbus,Constanttravelsthecocoacountrieswherehechecksqualityandworkswithlocalexperts.Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.AccordingtoConstant,VenezuelaandTrinidadhavethebestcocoabeans,whichtheyexportallovertheworldeitherasbeansorascocoa.

Constant,whoisahardworker,onlysleepsthreehoursanight.Hetalkslongintothenightwithmembersofaclubhehasformed.Theclubiscalled“TheChocolateMunchers”.Theirmainofficialactivityistogettogetherformonthlydinnerswheretheyeataverytinydinnerandtonsofchocolatedesserts.

“Iamanaddict,”Constantadmits,“andIdon'twanttobecured!”

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostinclusivetitleforthepassage?

2.WhatdoesConstantdonow?

3.Constant’snewly-openedbusiness（）.

4.Theunderlinedpart“Constantisalsoa...„nose‟”means（）.

5.AccordingtoConstant,（）.

问题1选项

A.Chocolate—ThePassionofaLifetime.

B.TheChocolateMunchersClub.

C.Chocolate—ANewArtForm.

D.TheLastWordinGoodTaste.

问题2选项

A.HeworksforaFrenchpastrychef.

B.Heownshisownrestaurantandtearoom.

C.HeisasculptorforamuseuminParis.

D.HeisachefintheInstituteofTaste.

问题3选项

A.provideschocolateswithvariousflavors

B.exhibitsallofhischocolatesculptures

C.oftenneedstoprepareabigEasterdinner

D.servesasanationalmonumentinParis

问题4选项

A.hebelieveshehasthebestnoseintheworld

B.hisnosecantastesalt,sweet,acidandbitter

C.hisnosecanidentifyvarioustastesandflavors

D.heiscapableofsmellingflavorsfromalongdistance

问题5选项

A.ancientIndiansusedcocoabeansaslocalcurrency

B.Columbuscheckedthequalityofcocoabeansindifferentplaces

C.chocolateaddictionmakespeoplesleepless

D.thequalityofcocoabeansvariesfromregiontoregion

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。根据全文，文章主要在描述厨师康斯坦丁和巧克力的故事，讲述了他对热衷于做巧克力，并且写了一本有关于巧克力的书，整篇文章都表现了他对巧克力独特的热爱，选项A符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.”，可知康斯坦丁上个月开了餐厅，白天的时候这家餐厅就成为茶室，提供各式的巧克力。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.”可知，他新开的餐厅的特点，白天是一个茶室，提供各种巧克力，并且可以选择各种口味的巧克力。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Constantisalsoaprofessional…whichcanonlytastefourthings~salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.”，可知康斯坦特可以用鼻子分辨出各种不同的气味，他认为嘴只能尝出四种味道。所以这句话是指他的鼻子能分辨不同的味道。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.”，可知Columbus以为可可豆是当地的货币，后来才知道，原来是一种饮料，所以排除A选项。根据文章第五段，“Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.”，可可的质量因地区、年份和制作方法各异。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstances（

）thetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.

问题1选项

A.mayweuse

B.wemayuse

C.wecoulduse

D.didweuse

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装句。undernocircumstances后面要用部分倒装，即将助动词提前至主语前面，选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Inthemidstofsomanyevasivecomments,thisforthrightstatement,whateveritsintrinsicmerit,plainlystandsoutas（

）.

问题1选项

A.ananomaly

B.aprofundity

C.aparadigm

D.amisnomer

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：在这些闪烁其词的评论当中，这个直率的言论，不管它本身的价值如何，都非常明确的表现为一个反常的评论。anomaly异常，反常事物；profundity深刻，深度；paradigm范例；misnomer用词不当，误称。句中提到的thisforthrightstatement是众多言论中的一个，单独针对这个直率的言论，且不作任何评价，但也说明这个有与众不同的地方。故答案为A。

17.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(15%)

Surveysshowthatmen’sattitudestoriskaretypicallymoreenthusiastic,whereaswomenaremorelikelytobuyandhold,whichleadsfinancialadviserstoconcludethatmenarelessrisk-averse.Andmenaremorelikelytosaythattheyunderstandfinancialconcepts,whichmightseemtosuggestthattheyaremorefinanciallyliterate.

Butitmaybemoreaccuratetosaythatwomenaremorerisk-awareandlessdeludedabouttheirfinancialcompetence.Astudyin2001byBradBarber,anacademicinthefieldofbehaviouralfinance,showedthatwomenoutperformedmeninthemarketbyonepercentagepointayear.Themainreason,heargued,wasthatmenweremuchmorelikelytobeoverconfidentthanwomen,andhencetocarryoutunprofitabletrades.

Anotherdifferenceisthatmenaremorelikelytosaythatoutperformingthemarketistheirtopinvestmentgoal,whereaswomentendtomentionspecificfinancialgoals,suchasbuyingahouseorretiringat60.Affluentwomenaremorelikelytoseekfinancialadviceandfewerdirecttheirowninvestmentscomparedwithmen.accordingtoCentury,aresearchfirm.Buttheyseemtobelesssatisfiedwiththeadvicetheyaregetting.Asurveyin2016byEconsult,aconsultancy,foundthat62%ofwomenwithsignificantassetsundermanagementwouldconsiderabandoningtheirmanager,comparedwith44%ofmen.

B.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)

管理者中富有激情，具有个人魅力和感染力的人凤毛麟角。那么，其他和我一样的大部分人该怎么办呢？你也许学不来魅力四射，但是你一定能够学会直截了当、有效地与员工谈论工作。能够学会在合适的时间以合适的方式、用词精准地与员工谈论工作。

最有效的管理者拥有一种特别的谈话方式。他们有着特殊的姿势、风度以及语调。他们的谈话方式既有权威感，又容易让人产生共鸣；既充分表达了严格的要求，又让人感到谈话人所给予的巨大支持；既严肃训导，又让人能够接受。这种谈话既不同于朋友，也不同于老板，恰好介于两者中间。

【答案】A英译汉【参考译文】

调查显示，男性应对风险的态度通常更为积极，然而女性则更可能会去购买和持有，这就导致理财顾问得出结论：男性更愿意承担风险。并且男性更愿意说自己理解金融的概念，也似乎表明他们自己更懂金融。

但更准确的说法可能是，女性更有风险意识，更少因自己的财务能力上当受骗。行为金融学领域学者布拉德•巴伯(BradBarber)在2001年进行的一项研究中表明，女性在金融市场中的表现每年比男性高出一个百分点。他认为，主要原因是男性比女性更容易过度自信，因此更容易进行无钱可赚的交易。

另一个不同之处在于，男性更有可能认为跑赢市场是他们的最高投资目标，而女性则倾向于涉及具体的财务目标，比如买房或在60岁退休。据研究公司Century称，富裕女性比男性更有可能去寻求理财建议，而非自己直接投资。但她们似乎对得到的建议不太满意。咨询公司Econsult在2016年的一项调查中发现，大量资产被理财公司管理的女性中有62%的人考虑放弃和自己理财经理的合作，相比之下男性只有44%。

B汉译英【参考译文】

Managerswhoarepassionate,attractiveandcharismaticarerare.Sowhataboutmostotherpeoplelikeme?Youmaynotlearntobecharming,butyoucancertainlylearntotalkaboutworkdirectlyandeffectivelywiththestaff.Youcanlearntotalktoemployeesaboutworkattherighttime,intherightwayandwiththerightwords.

Themosteffectivemanagershaveaspecialwayoftalking.Theyhaveaspecialposture,demeanorandintonation.Thewaytheytalkisbothauthoritativeandevocative,whichwillfullyexpressthestrictrequirementsandmakepeoplefeelthegreatsupportofthespeaker.Itisbothdisciplinedandacceptable.Theconversationisdifferentfromthatwithafriendoraboss,butsomewhereinbetween.

18.单选题

Thegirl（）hertablemate’sarmtoseeifshewasfastasleepatclass.

问题1选项

A.pinched

B.punched

C.pitched

D.preached

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。pinched掐，捏，拧；punched用拳猛击，打孔；pitched掷，投，扔；preached讲道，说教。根据句中atclass推测，女孩只是捏了一下同桌的胳膊。故A项正确。

19.单选题

Everyoneshouldbefreetoenjoytherightsandfreedoms______intheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laidinto

C.laiddown

D.laidoff

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.laidout展示；安排B.laidinto痛打；痛斥

C.laiddown放下；制定D.laidoff解雇；休息

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息therightsandfreedoms（权利和自由）和theUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights（《世界人权宣言》）可知，《世界人权宣言》规定了人们享有的权利和自由，空格处表示“制定，规定”符合句意，故该题选择C项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】人人都应享有《世界人权宣言》规定的权利和自由。

20.填空题

AsevereshortageofdriverscouldhurttheU.S.economy,whichreliesheavilyontrucking.Thoseintheindustrysayopeningsnumberinthethousands,ifonlytensofthousands.Theshortageisunlikelytoendsoon.Thegovernmentestimatesthenumberoftruckdriverswillraise19%from2002to2012,makingdrivingoneofthefastest-growingoccupationsduringthose10years.Truckingcompaniesaretryingtofilljobsbyofferingdriverscashbonusesandprizessuchasboatsandvacationstoreferfellowdriverswhoswitchtheirfirms.Basepayisrising,andtruckingcompaniesareguaranteeingdriversmuchtimeathome.Firmsareofferinggenerous401(k),stockoptionandhealthcarepackagesandotherperks.TruckstopsnowhavemessagetherapistsandWi-Ficomputertechnology.Still,thenumberofdriversiswoefullyinadequate.It’snotjustanissueofrecruiting.Retainingdrivershasbecomeconstantheadache:Theturnoverrateatlargetrucking-companieswas116%inthesecondquarter,accordingtotheAmericanTruckingAssociations.“Idefinethisasthemostseriousproblemtheindustryhas.”saysDuffSwain,presidentofTrinconGroup,transportationconsultingfirminColumbus,Ohio.Companieshehasbeenspeakingtorecentlysay10%oftheirtrucksareidlebecausetheycan’tfindenoughdrivers.Itgoeslongwaybeyondtrucking.Truckscarried

morethanthree-quartersofthegoodsthattravelintheUSAin2003.Iftherearen’tenoughdriverstohaulthenation’sproduction,theeconomyrunstheriskofstumbling.Plus,ifdriverscanbefoundonlybyraisingpayandbenefits,thosecostscouldbepassedalongandeventuallycouldshowupinhigherconsumerprices.

1.______

2.______

3.______

4.______

5.______

6.______

7.______

8.______

9.______

10.______

【答案】1.【答案】ifonly改成ifnot

2.【答案】willraise改成rise

3.【答案】switch∧theirfirms加上to

4.【答案】muchtime改成moretime

5.【答案】message改成massage

6.【答案】become∧constantheadache加上a

7.【答案】∧transportationconsultingfirm加上a

8.【答案】goeslongwaybeyond去掉long

9.【答案】travel改成traveled

10.【答案】production改为product

【解析】1.【解题思路】根据上一句的意思“司机严重短缺可能会损害严重依赖卡车运输的美国经济”可知，这一句的句意应该是“司机的空缺职位如果没有成千上万个，也有几千个”，而ifonly表示“只要，要是……多好”，在这不符合句子意思。所以要将ifonly改为ifnot，表示“如果不是，如果没有”。

2.【解题思路】raise为及物动词，表示“提高，升起，上升”，rise为不及物动词，表示“升起，数量增加”；及物动词后面要接宾语，即动作的对象，不及物动词后不需要加宾语，本句话中willraise后接的并不是raise这个动作的对象，动作的对象thenumberoftruckdrivers在本句话中当主语，且此处表示卡车司机的数量上升，使用raise不符合语法规则，根据后半截from2002to2012可知不能用将来时，时态和主干部分的谓语动词estimates保持一致，即一般现在时，所以要将willraise改成rise。

3.【解题思路】动词词组switchto表示“切换到，转到，转变成”。此处表示“向司机提供现金奖金和奖品的方式来使得司机推荐其他伙伴转到他们公司”。因此，此处要添加介词to。

4.【解题思路】根据句意“司机的基本工资在提高，公司也保障司机有更多的时间待在家里”可知，此处为比较级，所以要用more。故将muchtime改为moretime。

5.【解题思路】由therapists（理疗师）可知，该句句意是“卡车站点现在还有按摩医师以及Wi-Fi服务”，而message表示“信息”，所以要将message改为massage。

6.【解题思路】根据句意“留住司机已经变成一件头疼的事”可知，headache表示“令人头疼的事”，为可数名词单数，因此前面要加不定冠词a。

7.【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，transportationconsultingfirminColumbus（哥伦布的运输咨询公司）做同位语，解释说明TrinconGroup公司是一家位于哥伦布的交通运输咨询公司，因此要加不定冠词a。只有同位语表示特指的职位或角色时才选用零冠词。

8.【解题思路】根据句子意思“这远远超出了卡车运输。”可知，golongwaybeyond表示“远超出”，而表示“远远超出”短语用gowaybeyond即可，不需要加形容词long，故把long去掉。

9.【解题思路】根据句子后半截内容in2003可知本处应该是过去时态，且主干部分的谓语carried也是过去时态，保持一致，需要将travel改成过去式traveled。

10.【解题思路】production和product都表示“产品”。但production特指诗歌、雕刻、绘画等文学艺术作品，而product表示体力劳动或脑力劳动所产生的东西，一般多指工业品，也可指农产品。此处卡车拉走的不是文学艺术作品，因此要将production改为product。

21.单选题

TheoldestlivingthingsonEartharetrees.SomeofCalifornia’ssequoiashaveforfourthousandyearslookeddownonthechangesinthelandscapeandthecomingsandgoingsofhumans.TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.

Lessertrees,however,haveplayedanintimateroleinthelivesofpeoplesincetheyfirstappearedonEarth.Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.Treese