考研考博-英语-九州职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-九州职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein（）proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.

问题1选项

A.diverse

B.inverse

C.reverse

D.averse

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”，本句意为“这份报纸的发行量似乎与它所包含的新闻量成反比”，这句话想要表达的是报纸发行量太少，inreverse表达“相反”的意思使得句子逻辑成立。因此选项C正确。

2.单选题

Youmayeithersowwheatinrowsorbroadcastit,（）wayyoudoit;itisagoodthingtobreakupthesoilafterseeding.

问题1选项

A.whatever

B.whenever

C.however

D.whichever

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你可以成排的播种或散播小麦。但无论是哪种方式，播种后最好都要松松土。A选项为“无论什么”；B选项为“无论何时”，而从句主语为way，故可排除A和B。C项表示“无论如何”，是副词。D选项whichever可以单独使用或加一个名词。因此，D项正确。

3.单选题

Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisifporedwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."

Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.

Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket(叫嚷)isunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreattentionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.

Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.

Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.

1.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningis（

）.

2.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresult,achildshouldalsolearnto

（

）.

3.Childrentendtoimitatethemodels

（

）.

4."Anidentifyingfigure"(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson（

）.

问题1选项

A.theneedtofindanauthority

B.theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresult

C.theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparents

D.thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup

问题2选项

A.behaveproperly

B.attainhisgoalassoonaspossible

C.showhisaffectionforhisparents

D.talkquietly

问题3选项

A.whodonotcriticizethem

B.whobringthemunexpectedrewards

C.whomtheywanttobelike

D.whosesocialstatusishigh

问题4选项

A.whoservesasamodelforothers

B.whoisalwayssuccessful

C.whocanbedependedupon

D.whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由第二段“Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.如果儿童对新情况缺乏一个快速的反应，并且不能推断出该做什么，他就会观察学习那些能给出正确结果的人。孩子寻找权威人士或专家来告诉他们该做什么。”可知孩子模仿学习的首要原因是他们需要找到一种能得到想要的结果的方式，他们并不是模仿所有的东西。由此可知B项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由第三段的举例及“Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.孩子也许能够达到他的直接目标，但却发现他的方法招致了观察他的人的批评。”以及“Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.因此，解决任何客观情况的愿望都被以恰当方式解决问题的愿望所覆盖。”可知用适当的方法来解决问题很重要。答案A

第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.如果一个学生想成为一名优秀的小提琴手，他会观察并尝试模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧，如果他喜欢阅读，那么书本上的对他影响最大的人可能是其想模仿的对象。”故C项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由第五段第一句“Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.欣赏一个人的某种品质常常会令我们仰慕整个人，这个人就变成了我们的榜样。由“admireapersonasawhole”可推断出该词意为“榜样”，故答案A

4.单选题

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstory,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause______.

2.Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,isnevertheless______.

3.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

4.Theauthor’sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith______.

5.Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat______.

问题1选项

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiterarygenre

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation

C.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon

D.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction

问题2选项

A.popular

B.deranged

C.elegant

D.accurate

问题3选项

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.ManandtheUniverse

C.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

D.ATypeofProseFiction

问题4选项

A.thesametopicsaddressedbynovelsandshortstories

B.theunfamiliarorunusual

C.KarelCapek’swell-knownpostulate

D.theconflictbetweenscienceandfiction

问题5选项

A.therearereasonsforenjoyingsciencefiction

B.thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction

C.thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction

D.thosewhocanreadandanalyzefictioncanalsodosowithsciencefiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“科幻小说之所以被称为文学流派分支是因为……”。根据第三段最后一句Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（科幻小说是散文小说的一个分支，也就是说，它具有一般散文小说的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它与其他所有的小说和短篇故事有很多共同之处）可知，D项“它与其他类型的散文小说有共同的特点”正确；根据第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines…Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.（许多人似乎认为科幻小说以一些老式低俗杂志的封面为代表……这是不幸的，因为它贬低了一个值得的，甚至是重要的文学努力）可知，科幻小说是重要的文学努力，A项“它还不够重要去成为一种文学体裁”错误；根据第三段中的Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction（只有少数戏剧可以被称为科幻小说）可知，科幻小说可以以戏剧形式出现，B项“不能以戏剧的形式表演”错误；根据第三段第一句Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone（科幻小说是文学的一个分支，这一点非常重要）可知，科幻小说就是属于文学流派分支，C项“称其为体裁会使它从属于文学流派”也不符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“被低俗杂志推崇的科幻小说这一的观点尽管是错误的，然而它却是……”。根据第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines.（许多人似乎认为科幻小说以一些老式低俗杂志的封面为代表）可知，这种观点是非常普遍的，A项“流行的，普遍的”正确；B项“疯狂的”、C项“优雅的”和D项“准确的”表述都不够准确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章恰当的标题应该是……”。通读全文可知，文章主要是阐述科幻小说的定义，即它和散文小说有共同的特点，属于文学流派的分支，故C项“科幻小说的定义”最能概括全文；A项“关于低俗杂志的不准确性”和D项“散文小说的一种类型”都只是部分提及；B项“人与宇宙”没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者的定义表明，所有科幻小说都涉及……”。根据第三段最后一句ithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（它具有一般散文小说的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它与其他所有的小说和短篇故事有很多共同之处）以及最后一段中的Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.（科幻小说中的主题的构建和呈现方式与其他任何类型的小说的主题处理方式完全相同）可以推断，A项“与小说和短篇故事一样的主题”是正确的；B项“不常见的或者是不寻常的事物”和D项“科学和小说间的冲突”在文中没有根据；C项“KarelCapek著名的假设”，文中第三段只提到了Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown（只有少数戏剧可以被称为科幻小说，其中KarelCapek的《Rossum’sUniversalRobots》是唯一著名的），可知C项无中生有。因此，该题选择A项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“文章最后一个句子的含义是……”。文章最后一句话是Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.（简而言之，阅读和欣赏科幻小说的原因，以及研究和分析科幻小说的方式，基本上与阅读其他故事或小说的方式相同）可知，阅读和欣赏科幻小说的原因以及分析它的方式基本和其他故事或小说的方式基本相同，因此可以反推，能够阅读和分析小说的人也能读科幻小说，故D项“那些能读和分析小说的人也能读科幻小说”符合题意；A项“喜欢科幻小说是有原因的”只是句子的一段信息，并不是该句的含义；B项“读者应该求助于一般小说的评论”和C项“读者没有理由不喜欢科幻小说”在本句没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

5.单选题

WhenIgooutintheeveningIusethebike（）thecarifIcan.

问题1选项

A.ratherthan

B.regardlessof

C.inspiteof

D.otherthan

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。ratherthan“而不是”；regardlessof“不管，不顾”；inspiteof“尽管”；otherthan“除了”。句意：我晚上外出时，我一般骑自行车而不是小汽车。A项符合题意。

6.单选题

Biologicalwizardryofadifferentsortisresponsiblefortheruggednessofsea-earshells,whichunderhigh-poweredmicroscopesresemble（

）constructedstonewalls.

问题1选项

A.reversibly

B.elaborately

C.spontaneously

D.concurrently

【答案】B

【解析】副词辨析。句意:另一种生物的神奇力量在于石决明的坚实，在高倍显微镜下，它像精心建造的石头墙。

reversibly可逆地。elaborately精巧地；苦心经营地。spontaneously自发地；自然地；不由自主地。Concurrently同时发生地。

7.不定项选择题

Nuclearpowersupplies5%oftheworld’senergyfrommorethan400plants.ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand“toocheaptometer”hasprovedtotheneither.Theindustry’schiefhopenowrestsonthepoorworld.WesternfirmswithreactorstosellwillbeflockingtoTokyoonOctober8thfortheWorldEnergyCongress,agiantconferencefortheenergybusiness.Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.Itisgoodnewsforthereactorvendors;butthesecountriesaremakingamistake.

Theeconomicargumentsforbuildingnewnuclearplantsareflawed.Themarginalcostsofgeneratingelectricityfromnuclearmaybetiny,butasthetechnologynowstands,hugeanduncertaincostsareinvolvedinbuildingthepowerstations,dealingwithspentfuel,anddecommissioning.Manywesterngovernmentswhichsangnuclei’spraisesnowadmitthatgasandhydropowercanproducecheaperelectricity.

Theeconomicsofnuclearpowerinthepoorworldcouldprovetotheworsestill.Asintherichworld,fossilfuelssuchasgasandcoalareinvariablycheaper.InChinathecasefornuclearpowermaybealittlestrongerasdomesticreservesofcoal—thoughhuge—arelocatedfarfromsomeareasofgrowingelectricitydemand.Butmostdevelopingcountriesarestrappedforcashandneedtoincreaseelectricitysupplyquicklytomeetsoaringdemand.Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.

Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor:thatitisadefenseagainstclimatechange,againstanotherOPEC-administeredoilshock,andagainsttheinevitableexhaustionoffossilfuels.Nonebearscloseexamination.

1.Nuclearpowerhasprovedtobe________.

2.Nuclearreactors________.

3.Theauthorseemstosuggestthat________.

4.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.BuildingnuclearplantsmayinvolveallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

6.Theadvantagesnotedbythosefornuclearpower________.

问题1选项

A.indispensable

B.expensive

C.economical

D.competitive

问题2选项

A.haveceasedtogointooperation

B.areassumedtosellinAsia

C.keepthefavoroftherichworld

D.arerejectedbyFranceandJapan

问题3选项

A.buildinganuclearpowerstationwillnottaketoomuchtime

B.westerncountriesrefusedtobuyanynuclearreactors

C.nuclearreactorsareingreatdemandindevelopingcountries

D.nuclearpoweriscostlytotherichworld,letalonetothepoorworld

问题4选项

A.Chinawilldenyitselftothecompleteuseofnuclearpower.

B.Chinaissupposedtousenuclearpowertoadegree.

C.Theargumentsinfavorofbuildingnuclearpowerarejustifiable.

D.Mostdevelopingcountriesarenotpressedforeithertimeormoney.

问题5选项

A.laborintensiveness

B.hugecapitalinvestment

C.longperiodoftime

D.pollution

问题6选项

A.areutterlygroundless

B.areapprovedunquestionable

C.arefullytestified

D.aresubjecttoexamination

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由题干，我们可以定位到文章第一段第三句Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand“toocheaptometer”hasprovedtotheneither.（这项曾经被认为清洁又便宜的技术，现在被证明两者都没有），A选项“不可替代的”，文章没有提及，而且不符合逻辑；B选项“昂贵”，以前觉得清洁又便宜，但是这种想法已经被推翻了，所以是既不清洁又很贵，答案选B；C选项“economical”（经济的）和cheap是同义词；D选项“有竞争力的”，文章没有提及，所以排除。

第2题:事实细节题。由题干，我们可以定位到第一段第二句ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.（但是除了法国和日本，发达国家已经停止订购新的反应堆。）由此可知反应堆仍然有人在用，而且法国和日本也没有拒绝使用反应堆，A选项“人们停止使用反应堆”和D选项“被日本和法国禁止使用”排除。第一段第四句Theindustry’schiefhopenowrestsonthepoorworld.（现在这个行业的主要希望就是不发达国家了），以及第一段倒数第二、三句话Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.（在亚洲，发展中国家的电力需求以每年8%的速度增长，这将成为每个人谈论的话题。中国大陆、中国台湾、印尼、韩国、巴基斯坦和印度都计划建设新的核反应堆。），由此可见反应堆的销售者不会偏向地选择富裕国家，因为他们把希望寄托在了不发达国家。所以C选项“反应堆（销售者）仍然倾向于富裕国家”错误；而在发展中国家中打算建立核电站的都是亚洲国家，所以答案是B选项“都准备销往亚洲”。

第3题:推理判断题，定位到第三段最后一句Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.（核电站在这两个方面都做不到：建造它需要大量资金，而且可能需要长达十年的时间来建设。），所以A选项“建核电站不耗费时间”错误；第一段第二句ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.（但是除了法国和日本，发达国家已经停止订购新的反应堆。），所以B选项“西方国家拒绝购买任何反应堆”错误，因为日本和法国是发达国家；第一段倒数第二、三句话Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.（在亚洲，发展中国家的电力需求以每年8%的速度增长，这将成为每个人谈论的话题。中国大陆、中国台湾、印尼、韩国、巴基斯坦和印度都计划建设新的核反应堆），由此可知C选项“发展中国家对核反应堆有大量需求”错误，对核反应堆有大量需求的都是亚洲发展中国家，而不是全部发展中国家；第三段第一句话：Theeconomicsofnuclearpowerinthepoorworldcouldprovetotheworsestill.（核能在不发达国家的经济效益可能会更不好。）这句是D选项“核电在发达国家都不便宜更何况发展中国家”的同义替换，所以答案选D。

第4题:推理判断题。第三段第四句InChinathecasefornuclearpowermaybealittlestrongerasdomesticreservesofcoal—thoughhuge—arelocatedfarfromsomeareasofgrowingelectricitydemand.（在中国，尽管煤炭储量巨大，但在电力需求不断增长的偏远地区，对使用核电的可能性更大一些），从这里可以看出中国并不会完全反对核能源的运用反而打算去建立核电站来解决偏远地区的用电问题。所以B选项“中国打算在某种程度上使用核能”正确；最后一段Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor…,Nonebearscloseexamination.（那些至今仍支持核能的人提出了三个支持核能的新论点……，没有一个（论点）经受了最近的检验）从这可以看出支持核的运用的新论点还没有被人验证过的，不能说正确还是不合理，所以排除C选项“支持建立核电站的论点是合理的”。第三段倒数第二句话Butmostdevelopingcountriesarestrappedforcashandneedtoincreaseelectricitysupplyquicklytomeetsoaringdemand.（但大多数发展中国家资金短缺，需要迅速增加电力供应以满足不断飙升的需求），从这句话可知发展中国家缺钱，所以D选项“发展中国家不会被金钱或者时间限制”错误；A选项“中国将拒绝完全使用核能。”，文章没有提及。

第5题:事实细节题。从题干我们定位到第三段最后一句话Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.（核电站两者都不占：它们既是资本密集型又得花费长达十年的时间来建设），所以B选项“大量资金投入”，C选项“时间长”是对的，固而排除；定位到文章第一段第三句“Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand‘toocheaptometer’hasprovedtotheneither.（这项曾经被认为清洁又便宜的技术，现在被证明两者都没有）”以前被人认为又清洁又便宜的核能现在被证明两者都不占，所以建核电站肯定是涉及污染问题的；D选项“污染”也可以排除，A选项“劳动密集”是整篇文章都没提及的，而且根据常识，核电站一般是技术密集型产业，所以答案选A。

第6题:事实细节题。句意是，那些被支持核电的人所提到优点。A选项“完全站不住脚”；B选项“被证明是有道理的”；C选项“被完全证明了”；D选项“还需要接受验证”。B，C选项意思相同，固而可以排除。定位到最后一段：Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor…,Nonebearscloseexamination.（那些至今仍支持核能的人提出了三个支持核能的新论点……，没有一个（论点）经受了最近的检验），这里可知答案选D，因为还没有检验过所以并不知道这些论点站不站得住脚。所以选项A排除。

8.单选题

Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.

Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.

Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.

Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.

61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.

62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.

63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.

64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?

65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas

B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes

C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing

D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations

问题2选项

A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities

B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters

C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities

D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters

问题3选项

A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority

B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters

C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters

D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso

问题4选项

A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.

B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.

C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.

D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.

问题5选项

A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis

B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform

C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoaninternationalissue

D.ahistoricalanalysisofaproblemthatrequiresinternationalattention

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，直到20世纪中叶，国际水域的管辖权争议很少，因为……”。由第二段第四句And，sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.（因为在几乎没有任何行为标准被用到‘公海’上，所以国家间几乎没有管辖权的冲突）可知，国际水域的管辖权争议很少，是因为几乎没有任何行为标准被用到‘公海’上，这里的“openseas”就相当于题干中的“internationalwaters”，因此A项“几乎没有控制或限制使用到海洋领域”正确。B项“海洋领域仅用于没有恶意的行为”没有提到；C项“海洋自由化的条例解决了所有有关航海及捕鱼的纷争”文中没有提到，且C项太绝对；D项“各国平等地享有公海使用权”，这不是管辖权争议少的原因。故该题选A。

62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“根据20世纪中叶以前适用的国际法理论，如果某一国家领水内的商业活动威胁到该水域内的所有海洋生物，那么该国应……”。根据第一段第三句withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities（在这一范围内它有权但没有责任管理所有活动）和第二段第三句Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.（除了对其本国公民的控制外，没有任何国家有责任控制国际水域内的这种活动，更不用说单方面的权力了）可推断，如果某一国家领水内的商业活动威胁到该水域内的所有海洋生物，该国可以根据自身情况自行解决，因此可知D项“被允许自行决定解决这个问题，只要它能够遏制对自己领海的威胁”符合题意。A项“因未能适当管理海洋活动而受到国际组织的正式谴责”和B项“被其他国家呼吁建立保护其领海的规则”在文中没有提到；C项“能够但无须对此类商业活动做出法律限制”，根据第一段最后一句提到becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.（由于这一领土范围非常有限，大多数国家没有建立管理或保护其领海的规则）可推断，大多数国家对领海保护方面没有建立相应的法律规定，因此C项不对。故该题选D。

63.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者认为，在二十世纪中叶以前，大多数国家在领海和国际水域方面的行动表明了……”。由第三段第二句Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpo