考研考博-英语-中山大学南方学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中山大学南方学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

In1959JacouesCousteausoundedthealarm:theMediterraneanwasdying.DivingoffFrance’ssoutherncoast,Cousteaufoundamarinedesertthatafewyearsearlierhadteemedwithfishandplants.Heblamedpoisonsfromthelargeurbanandindustrialcomplexesbuiltnearthesea.Cousteaucrystallizedgrowingpublicconcernoverpollutionoftheworld’sseasandoceans.Bythe1960s,oilspills,chemicalsandsewagewereturningareasoftheBalticintotoxiccesspools,heavymetalsandDDThadaccumulatedinfishandshellfishfromtheAtlantictotheChinaSea,causingcarnageamongbirdsthatatethemandpoisoningpeople.

Booksaretomankindwhatmemoryistoindividual.Theycontainthehistoryofourrace,thediscoverieswehavemade,theaccumulatedknowledgeandexperienceofages；theypictureforusthemarvelsandbeautiesofnature,helpusinourdifficulties,comfortusinsorrowandinsuffering,changehoursofwearinessintomomentsofdelight,storeourmindswithideas,fillthemwithgoodandhappythoughts,andliftusoutofandaboveourselves.

【答案】1959年，雅克•库斯都敲响了警钟，地中海正在死亡。库斯都在法国南部海岸潜水时，发现了一个海洋沙漠，然而在几年前这里盛产鱼和海洋植物。他认为造成此现象的原因是海边建立的大型城市和工业中心排放的有毒物质。库斯都让人们对海洋污染问题的关注越来越具体化了。到了20世纪60年代，泄漏的石油、化学物质和污水将波罗的海地区变成了有毒的污水坑。从大西洋到中国海域，鱼类贝类体内积累了大量的重金属和杀虫剂，重金属和杀虫剂在鱼类和贝类体内沉积，食用了它们的鸟类大量灭绝，并且也会使人们中毒。

书籍对于人类的作用就相当于记忆对于个人的作用。书籍承载了我们种族的历史、时代的一些探索发现以及日益积累的知识和经验。书籍为我们描绘了大自然的美丽，帮助我们摆脱困境，在我们悲伤和痛苦时安慰我们，使疲倦的时光变得欢乐，使我们的大脑充满各种思想和观念，充之以美好快乐的想法，并且不停地超越提升自我。

2.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Fortoolong,asmallgroupinourCapitalhasreapedtherewardsofgovernmentwhilethepeoplehavebornethecost.Washingtonflourished,butthepeopledidnotshareinitswealth.Politiciansprospered,butthejobsleft,andthefactoriesclosed.Theirvictorieshavenotbeenyourvictories;theirtriumphshavenotbeenyourtriumphs;andwhiletheycelebratedinourCapital,therewaslittletocelebrateforstrugglingfamiliesallacrossourland.

【答案】长期以来，我们首都的一小部分人攫取了政府的利益，而代价却由人民来承担。华盛顿欣欣向荣，人民却没有分享到财富。政客们兴旺发达，工作机会却越来越少，工厂纷纷倒闭。他们的胜利不是你们的胜利；他们的成功不是你们的成功；当他们在我们的首都欢呼庆祝时，这片土地上无数挣扎的家庭却没有什么值得庆祝的。

3.单选题

Hesaidthathe’dsoonerdiethan（

）.

问题1选项

A.betray

B.tobetray

C.betrayed

D.begraying

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他声称自己宁死也不会背叛自己的祖国。

固定搭配。hadsooner+动词原形+thandosth.宁可做某事而不做某事。

4.单选题

Thefactory’swastewasfoundtobedetrimentaltotheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.harmful

B.helpful

C.harmless

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。detrimental表示“不利的，有害的”；A项harmful“有害的”，B项helpful“有帮助的”，C项harmless“无害的”，D项harsh“严厉的，严酷的”。句意：人们发现这家工厂的废物对环境有害。因此A项正确。

5.单选题

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,silicones,andPlexiglasweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefinding,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswilleitherimproveourstandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocess,isnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholdersconcernedaboutcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoequatethemonopolisticproducerwithbountifulexpendituresonresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Moreover,insomecases,industrialgiantsfacedwithlittleornocompetitionseektoavoidthecapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexceptfromstrongcompetitivepressures.ThereareinstancesinwhichtheytoomustcompetewithanotherindustrialGoliath,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresforinnovation.

36.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

37.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsofthetwentiethcentury（）.

38.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthesecondparagraphofthepassage?

39.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

40.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’smainpoint?

问题1选项

A.advocateanincreaseingovernmentsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

B.pointoutacommonmisconceptionabouttherelationshipbetweentheextentofindustrialresearchandthegrowthofmonopolisticpowerinindustry

C.describetheinadequaciesofsmallfirmsindealingwiththeimportantmatterofresearchandinnovation

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

问题2选项

A.wereproducedlargelyasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopment.

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolisticindustries

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

问题3选项

A.Expendituresforvariousaspectsofresearcharelisted.

B.Reasonsforsupportingmonopolisticpoweraregivenandthenquestioned.

C.Argumentsarepresentedforminimizingcompetitivebiddingforresearch.

D.Resourcesnecessaryforresearcharedefined.

问题4选项

A.Monopolisticpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.

B.Governmentalexpenditureformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresources.

C.Industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchangethansmallerfirmsdo.

D.Firmswithasmallshareofthemarketaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipment.

问题5选项

A.Inthelastdecade,conglomerateshavesignificantlyincreasedtheirresearchbudgetsfordefensetechnology.

B.Taxrestructuringpermitssmallerfirmstowriteoffalargerpercentageofprofitsagainstresearch.

C.Aten-yearstudyoftheextentofresourcesdevotedtoresearchbysmallerenterprisesrevealsasteadydecline.

D.Militaryresearchisbeingdirectedmoreextensivelytospacetechnologythantoshort-rangemissiles.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】36.主旨目的题。文章第一段是全文的主题段，前两句的对比指出了文章的主旨，“Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.”即大型工业的发展不代表工业研究投入的增加。从而得出本题答案。

37.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词importantinventions定位到原文第一段第二句。“Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.（最近一项关于世纪之交以来重要发明的研究显示，超过一半的发明是独立于有组织的工业研究的单个发明家的发明。）”从而得出本题答案。

38.

细节推理题。根据题干定位到原文第二段。第二段第二句“Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.”指出，用于改善生活标准的研究只能由大型企业承担，但在第三句“Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.”又指出，研究发现政府支出的用于工业研究的资金有一大部分用于防御项目，有人对这些研究是否会提高生活标准提出质疑。从而得出本题答案。

39.

细节事实题。定位第三段最后一句。“Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.（相比之下，小公司不受大型工厂和资本设备投资的阻碍，往往积极追求新技术和新产品，投资于创新，以扩大其市场份额。）”即可得出本题答案。

40.

细节判断题。通过阅读文章后发现，作者的主要观点是看好小公司的发展前途，所以削弱的话，必然是对小公司进行负面评价，从而得出本题答案。

6.单选题

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould（）.

5.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay（）.

问题1选项

A.hasattractedmuchattention

B.involvescertainpoliticalfactors

C.shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

D.haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

问题2选项

A.increaseditshomesupply

B.offeredspendingopportunities

C.sufferedgovernmentbiases

D.disappointedthegovernment

问题3选项

A.allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

B.stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

C.preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

D.releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

问题4选项

A.lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

B.lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

C.contributetofundingnewdevelopments

D.relievetheministersofresponsibilities

问题5选项

A.implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

B.reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

C.renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

D.stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到文章第二段最后一句“Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.”但或许最重要的原因是，这个问题一直以来都带有浓厚的政治色彩。由此可知B选项involvescertainpoliticalfactors涉及某些政治因素符合题意。

2.细节事实题。定位到文章第四段“Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.”它需要把历史偏见放在一边，采取一些措施来解决我们迫切的住房需求。由此可知C选项sufferedgovernmentbiases遭受政府偏见符合题意。

3.细节事实题。定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.”部长唐福斯特暗示，财政大臣乔治奥斯本可能会对地方政府现有的住房债务上限引入更多的灵活性。由此可知A选项allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing允许政府增加住房债务符合题意。

4.推理判断题。定位到文章第六段“Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.”部长们还应着眼于在租赁环境中创造更大的确定性，这将对已注册供应商从收入中为新开发项目提供资金的能力产生重大影响。由此可知C选项正确。

5.细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.”尽管这些措施在短期内会受到欢迎，但我们必须正视这样一个事实：将于2015年到期的、为新保障性住房提供资金的现有45亿英镑资助计划，不太可能在2015年之后延长。以及文章最后提到的“Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate（我们需要适应这个正在变化的情形）”，thisclimate指的也是政府将不会提供大规模拨款，由此可知D选项正确。

7.单选题

Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

问题1选项

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“极端”；wreckage“残骸”；supremacy“至高无上”。句意：捐赠者的疲倦和这个国家的极端贫困导致希望越来越渺茫。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationforthegreaterjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedState.

问题1选项

A.sensitivity

B.creativity

C.stability

D.security

【答案】C

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项sensitivity“敏感性”；B选项creativity“创造性”；C选项stability“稳定性”；D选项security“安全性”。

句意：日本工作的稳定性和美国工作的流动性形成对比，对此有几种可能的解释。根据下文的关键词“mobility”可知，选项C正确。

9.单选题

Thefootballerscoredwithsuch（

）thatthegoalkeeperdidn’tstandthechanceofsavingthegoal.

问题1选项

A.vein

B.veil

C.vicinity

D.velocity

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项vein“血管”；B选项veil“面纱，面罩”；C选项vicinity“临近，附近”；D选项velocity“速度”。根据关键词“footballer足球运动员”和that后面的句子意思“以至于守门员没有机会挽救进球”，可知空格部分意思为“速度”，句意为：这个足球运动员进球如此快，以至于对方守门员没有机会挽救进球。正确答案选D。

10.单选题

Thelovethat（）takesupresidenceinthesoulandhelpscompleteus.

问题1选项

A.stands

B.bears

C.endure

D.lengthens

【答案】C

【解析】stand"忍受,抵抗";bear"忍受,支撑";endure"持续,忍耐";lengthen"变长,延长"。句意：爱持续占据灵魂,使我们变得完整。选项C符合句意。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingshortEnglishpassagesintoChinese,whichshouldbewrittenonyourAnswerSheet.

Manypeoplehavebeendeeplyinfluencedbythesekindsofpronouncements,andhavegraduallybeguntochangetheirwayoflifeasaresult.Theyareexercisingmore,havegivenuporcutdownsmoking,andhavealsobeguntoeatmorehealthily.

Ontheonehand,doctorswarnthateatingtoomuchmeatisacauseofheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure,andontheothersaythateatingvegetablesandfruithelpstosustainhealth.Manypeoplehavegivenupmeatasamatterofprinciple.Somebelievethatitiswrongtokilllivingthings,orbelievethatbecauseraisinganimalsneedsmorelandthangrowingvegetablecrops,itisawasteoftheworld'sscarceresourcestoeatmeat.

【答案】很多人已深受这些类型的声明的影响，结果他们已逐渐开始改变自己的生活方式。他们正在做更多的锻炼，已放弃或减少吸烟，并且也开始更健康地饮食。

一方面，医生警告称食肉过多是心脏病和高血压发生的一个原因。另外一方面,医生称吃蔬菜和水果有助于维持健康。许多人因为原则问题己放弃吃肉。一些人认为杀害生物是不对的，或认为因为饲养动物比种植蔬菜作物需要更多的土地，所以吃肉是对世界稀少资源的一种浪费。

12.单选题

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

问题1选项

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】形近异义词辨析。absorption“吸收”；transition“传送，过渡，传递”；consumption“消费，消耗”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：从固体变成液体，水要吸收周围所有物体的热量，这种吸收会导致周围环境变冷。选项A符合题意。

13.案例题

Apowerfulpersonalgrowthtoolisthe30-daytrial.ThisisaconceptIborrowedfromthesharewareindustry,whereyoucan（1）atrialversionofapieceofsoftwareandtryitoutrisk-freefor30daysbeforeyou'rerequiredtobuythe（2）version.It'salsoagreatwaytodevelopnew（3）,andbestofall,it'sbrain-deadsimple.Let'ssayyouwanttostartanewhabitlikeanexerciseprogramor（4）abadhabitlikesuckingoncancersticks.Weallknowthatgetting（5）andstickingwiththenewhabitforafewweeksisthehardpart.Onceyou'veovercomeinertia,it'smucheasiertokeepgoing.Yetweoftenpsycheourselvesoutofgettingstartedby（6）thinkingaboutthechangeassomething（7）beforewe'veevenbegun.Itseemstoooverwhelmingtothinkaboutmakingabigchangeand（8）withiteverydayfortherestofyourlifewhenyou'restillhabituatedtodoingthe（9）.Themoreyouthinkaboutthechangeassomethingpermanent,themoreyou（10）whereyouare.Butwhatifyouthoughtaboutmakingthechangeonly（11）sayfor30days—andthenyou'refreetogobacktoyouroldhabits?Thatdoesn'tseemsohardanymore.Exercisedailyforjust30days,thenquit,maintaina（12）organizeddeskfor30days,thenslackoff.Readforanhouradayfor30days,thengobacktowatchingTV.

Couldyoudoit?Itstill（13）abitofdisciplineandcommitment,butnotnearlysomuchasmakingapermanentchange.Any（14）deprivationisonlytemporary.Youcan（15）downthedaystofreedom.Andforatleast30days,you'llgainsomebenefit.It,'snotsobaD.Youcanhandleit.It'sonlyonemonthoutofyourlife.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

Temporary

download

commitment

neatly

require

mentally

count

opposite

stay

discipline

permanent

habit

overcome

stick

adopt

full

free

perceive

quit

start

【答案】1.download

2.full

3.habits

4.quit

5.started

6.mentally

7.permanent

8.sticking

9.opposite

10.stay

11.commitment

12.neatly

13.requires

14.perceived

15.count

【解析】1.根据句意,下载某种软件,用downloadsoftware。

2.fullversion指完整版。句意：下载某个软件的免费试用版使用30天后,你会被要求购买完整版。

3.从下文的"Let'ssayyouwanttostartanewhabit."可推测,填空处也应该填入habit,且为复数。

4.quitabadhabit指改正某个坏习惯。

5.根据句意：我们都知道,开始并坚持几个星期的新习惯是困难的。先开始才能坚持。

6.根据句子结构可知这里应该用副词修饰thinking,根据上文的psych推断mentally正确。

7.根据下文"Themoreyouthinkaboutthechangeassomethingpermanent,..."可知此处也应填入permanent。

8.stickwith坚持,文中多次出现。

9.dotheopposite为固定用法,意为背道而驰。

10.根据句意：你越认为这种改变是永久性的,你就会在原地待得越久。这里指保持现状。

11.make…commitment为固定搭配,意为"做出……的承诺"。

12.maintainaneatlyorganizeddesk保持课桌的干净整洁。

13.根据句意：尽管它依然完成了一些纪律和承诺,但远没有达到永久改变的程度。

14.句意：任何感知到的剥夺都只是暂时的。

15.countdown为固定搭配,意为"倒数"。

14.单选题

Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（）fivemiles.

问题1选项

A.precisely

B.appropriately

C.apparently

D.approximately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项precisely表示“精确地，恰恰”；B选项appropriately表示“恰当地，合适地”；C选项apparently表示“显然地，表面上”；D选项approximately表示“大约，近似地”。根据句中关键信息Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistance可知，我们没有办法测量准确距离。所以后文中的距离只能是大约值，因此本题正确答案为D项。【句意】我们没有办法测量走过的准确距离，但我们认为大约是5英里。

15.单选题

TheeasternpartofAustraliais（）inclimatetothatofthewesternpart.

问题1选项

A.productive

B.superior

C.prosperous

D.splendid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项productive“多产的”；B选项superior“优越的，上级的”；C选项prosperous“繁荣的，兴旺的”；D选项splendid“辉煌的，灿烂的”。句意：澳大利亚东部的气候比西部的气候好。本句有一个比较关系，besuperiorto“比……好，优于……”，所以B选项正确。因此B选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Inordertocontrolanddefeatthedreadfuldiseasesthat____humanity,concertedactivityisnecessary.

问题1选项

A.infect

B.eliminate

C.incredulous

D.plague

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.infect感染；传染B.eliminate消除；排除

C.incredulous怀疑的；不轻信的D.plague困扰；折磨

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】首先，空格处是从句谓语，应填入一个动词，其次，该词的宾语为人类，主语为致命的疾病，D选项plague“困扰；折磨”符合语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】

A选项infect“感染，传染”，没有足够的信息表明疾病是传染病；

B选项eliminate“消除；排除”，疾病还不足以消灭人类；

C选项incredulous“怀疑的；不轻信的”，该词为形容词，非动词，不符合语境。

【句意】为了控制和战胜困扰人类的致命的疾病，协调一致的行动是必要的。

17.单选题

AbullgrazesondrywheathusksinLogan,Kansas,oneoftheregionshitbytherecorddroughtthathasaffectedmorethanhalfoftheUSandisexpectedtodriveupfoodprices.

Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetaboutglobalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld’spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmostcompletelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophicshortages.

Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwateravailabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientistssaid.Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetariandiet.Onethirdoftheworld’sarablelandisusedtogrowcropstofeedanimals.Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtradebetweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.

“900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2millionpeoplearemalnourishedinspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease.”theysaid.“With70%ofallavailablewaterbeinginagriculture,growingmorefoodtofeedanadditional2billionpeopleby2050willplacepressureonavailablewaterandland.”

ThereportisbeingreleasedatthestartoftheannualworldwaterconferenceinStockholm,Sweden,where2,500politicians,UNbodies,non-governmentalgroupsandresearchersfrom120countriesmeettoaddressglobalwatersupplyproblems.

Competitionforwaterbetweenfoodproductionandotheruseswillintensifypressureonessentialresources,thescientistssaid.“TheUNpredictsthatwemustincreasefoundproductionby70%bymid21thcentury.Thiswillplaceadditionalpressureonour‘alreadystressedwaterresources’atatimewhenwealsoneedtoallocatemorewatertosatisfyglobalenergydemand…whichisexpectedtorise60%overthecoming30years—andtogenerateelectricityforthe1.3billionpeoplecurrentlywithoutit”saidthereport.

Overeating,undernourishmentandwasteareallontheriseandincreasedfoodproductionmayfacefutureconstraintsfromwaterscarcity.

“Wewillneedanewrecipetofeedtheworldinthefuture,”saidthereport’seditor,AndersJagerskog.

AseparatereportfromtheInternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI)saidthebestwayforcountriestoprotectmillionsoffarmersfromfoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsiawastohelptheminvestinsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology,ratherthantodevelopexpensive,large-scaleirrigationprojects.

“Farmeracrossthedevelopingworldareincreasinglyrelyingonandbenefitingfromsmall-scale,locally-relevantwatersolutions.Thesetechniquescouldincreaseyieldsupto300%andaddtensofbillionsofUSdollarstohouseholdrevenuesacrosssubSaharanAfricaandsouthAsia,”SaidDr.ColinChartres,thedirectorgeneral.

56.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewaterscientists’warning?

57.Whatdothescientistssaycanbedonetoincreasefoodsupply?

58.Accordingtothewaterscientists’report,______.

59.Inregardtotheproblemofwatersupply,scientistsbelieve______.

60.WhatdoestheIWMIsayisthebestsolutiontofoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsia?

问题1选项

A.TherecorddroughtforceshalfoftheUStogohungry.

B.TherecorddroughtdrivesupfoodpricesintheUS.

C.Severefoodshortagemayhappenwithoutpropermeasures.

D.Avegetariandietistheonlyoptiontoavoiddisastrousshortages.

问题2选项

A.Growmoreanimalprotein-richfood.

B.Turnpasturesintoarablelands.

C.Promotetradebetweencountriesself-sufficientinfood.

D.Increasetheamountofwaterforfoodproduction.

问题3选项

A.percapitafoodproductionhasbeenincreasing

B.reducedfoodsupplywillmakemorepeoplemalnourished

C.70%ofwaterwillbeusedtofeed2billionpeopleby2050

D.researchersbegintoseeksolutionstotacklewaterproblem

问题4选项

A.morewatershouldbeallocatedtosatisfyenergydemand

B.foodproductionmustbeincreasedto70%bymid-century

C.energydemandwillintensifypressureonwaterresources

D.electricitygenerationmustbeincreasedby60%30yearslater

问题5选项

A.Applyingsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology.

B.Launchinglarge-scaleirrigationprojects.

C.Increasethelocalhouseholdrevenues.

D.Investinginanewexpensiveirrigationproject.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】56.推理判断题。题干意思是“从水科学家的警告中可以推断出什么？”。根据第二段Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternes