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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国民航大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
TeadrinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.
TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.
AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.
Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchess(公爵夫人)foundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergetting“asinkingfeeling”asshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithherandso,tea-timewasborn.
1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?
2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses().
3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain().
4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause().
5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof().
问题1选项
A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.
B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.
C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.
D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.
问题2选项
A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain
B.howteabecameapopulardrinkinBritain
C.howtheBritonsgotthehabitofdrinkingtea
D.howtea-timewasborn
问题3选项
A.ineighteenthcentury
B.insixteenthcentury
C.inseventeenthcentury
D.inthelateseventeenthcentury
问题4选项
A.ittastedlikemilk
B.ittastedmorepleasant
C.itbecameapopulardrink
D.peopletriedtocopythewayMadamedeServingedranktea
问题5选项
A.afamousFrenchlady
B.theancientChinese
C.theuppersocialclass
D.peopleinHolland
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段第三句“ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.茶叶在商店里买不到,甚至那些买得起的人也是从荷兰寄过来,只是因为这是一件时髦的珍品。”由此可知,茶叶是从荷兰进入英国的,所以选项B正确。
2.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知,本文前半部分讨论了英国人对茶的引进和认识,后半部分讲到了英国人对茶的喜爱,所以总的来说,这篇文章主要是讨论了英国人喝茶的历史。选项A最能概括全文。
3.细节事实题。根据第三段的首句“AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.与此同时,(欧洲)大陆上的人们越来越喜欢茶。”这里的时间即上一段提及的17世纪,所以选项C正确。
4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后两句“Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEngland…因为她是如此伟大的一位女士,她的朋友们认为他们必须模仿她做的每件事,所以他们喝茶的时候也加牛奶。慢慢地,这个习惯传到了英国……”由此可知,欧洲人之所以喝加了牛奶的茶,是模仿MadamedeServinge夫人喝茶的方式,选项D符合原文。
5.判断推理题。题干问的是“英国人喝茶的习惯主要是受什么的影响?”根据上一题可知,英国人喝茶的习惯主要是受到一位法国夫人的影响,所以选项A正确。
2.单选题
Youhaveyourchoiceofthree______oficecream.
问题1选项
A.varieties
B.tops
C.respects
D.decks
【答案】A
【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项varieties“(同一事物的)不同种类;品种”;B选项tops“顶端;表面”;C选项respects“(事物的)方面,细节”;D选项decks“(船或公共汽车的)一层”。句意:你有三______冰淇淋供你选择。根据语境,这里指的是有三种不同的冰淇淋,A选项varieties“(同一事物的)不同种类”符合题意。因此A选项正确。
3.单选题
Hopingthathemightbeableto(
)theproblem,IaskedManiotolookattheengine.
问题1选项
A.shedlighton
B.makelightof
C.bringlightto
D.setlightto
【答案】A
【解析】考查词组辨析。shedlighton“解释;阐明”;makelightof“轻视;对……不在乎”;bringlightto“为……带来光明”;setlightto“点火;引火烧”。句意:我请马里奥看看这个引擎,希望他可以解决这个问题。选项A符合题意。
4.单选题
Thecurrentgeneralslacknessofthemarkethaspreventedusfrom()neworderswithyou.
问题1选项
A.placing
B.putting
C.arranging
D.providing
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意和选项可知本题考查固定搭配placeorderwithsb.“向某人发出订单”,因此选项B、C、D均不符合题意,选项A为正确选项。句意:目前市场普遍不景气,使我们无法向贵方下新订单。
5.单选题
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleareworriedaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedby(1)fromhandsetsandbasestations,despitethelackof
(2)
evidenceofanyharm.Butevidenceforthe
(3)
effectsofmobilephonesonhealthisrathermoreabundant.Indeed,asystematicreview
(4)
byRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesatImperialCollege,London,roundsup150examplesoftheuseoftext-messaginginthe
(5)
ofhealthcare.Theseuses
(6)
threecategories:efficiencygains;public-healthgains;anddirectbenefitstopatientsby
(7)
text-messagingintotreatmentregimes.Thestudy,
(8)
byVodafone,theworld'slargestmobileoperator,waspublishedthisweek.
Usingtextingto
(9)
efficiencyisnotrocketscience,butbigsavingscanbeachieved.Several
(10)
carriedoutinEnglandhavefoundthattheuseoftext-messagingreminders
(11)
thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%,forexample,andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointments
(12)
33-50%.Ifsuchschemeswererolledoutnationally,thiswould
(13)
annualsavingsofabout256m-364m.
Textmessagesarealsobeingusedto
(14)
patientsaboutbloodtests,clinics,scansanddentalappointments.SimilarschemesinAmerica,NorwayandSwedenhavehad
(15)
satisfyingresults―thoughtheuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlands,wherenon-attendanceratesarelow,at4%,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients.
Textmessagescanalsobeagoodwaytodisseminatepublic-healthinformation,
(16)
togroupswhoarehardtoreachbyothermeans,suchasteenagers,orindevelopingcountrieswhereothermeansofcommunicationare
(17)
.TextmessageshavebeenusedinIndiatoinformpeopleabouttheWorldHealthOrganization'sstrategytocontroltuberculosis,forexample,andinKenya,NigeriaandMalltoprovideinformationaboutHIVandmalaria.InIraq,textmessageswereusedtosupportacampaigntovaccinatenearly5mchildrenagainstpolio.
Finally,therearetheusesoftext-messagingaspartofatreatmentregime.Theseinvolvesendingreminderstopatientstotaketheirmedicineatthefighttime,ortoencourage
(18)
withexerciseregimesoreffortstostopsmoking.Theevidencefortheeffectivenessofsuchschemesisgenerallyanecdotal,however,notesDr.Rifat.Morequantitativeresearchisneeded—whichis
(19)
histeamalsopublishedthreepapersthisweekassociatedwiththeuseofmobilephonesinhealthcareinmoredetail.Oneofthesepapers,written
(20)VictoriaFranklinandStephenGreeneoftheUniversityofDundee,inScotland,reportstheresultsofatrialinwhichdiabeticteenagers’treatmentwascarriedoutwithtextmessaging.
问题1选项
A.radiation
B.ration
C.mediation
D.magnetism
问题2选项
A.incredible
B.credible
C.credulous
D.fabulous
问题3选项
A.beneficiary
B.profitable
C.beneficent
D.beneficial
问题4选项
A.werecarriedout
B.arecarriedout
C.carriedout
D.arebeingcarriedout
问题5选项
A.delivery
B.post
C.transportation
D.circulation
问题6选项
A.fallinto
B.falleninto
C.arefalleninto
D.fallinginto
问题7选项
A.incorporation
B.incorporated
C.incorporating
D.incorporate
问题8选项
A.paid
B.funded
C.made
D.given
问题9选项
A.stimulate
B.boost
C.correct
D.reduce
问题10选项
A.efforts
B.trying
C.trials
D.attempts
问题11选项
A.increases
B.improves
C.reduces
D.deduces
问题12选项
A.by
B.at
C.to
D.for
问题13选项
A.addup
B.accustomto
C.cometo
D.contributeto
问题14选项
A.reminding
B.remind
C.bereminded
D.reminder
问题15选项
A.fairly
B.considerably
C.comparatively
D.equally
问题16选项
A.largely
B.slightly
C.specially
D.particularly
问题17选项
A.available
B.unavailable
C.accessible
D.unaccessible
问题18选项
A.denial
B.refusal
C.compliance
D.complexity
问题19选项
A.why
B.because
C.when
D.how
问题20选项
A.inthecompanyof
B.incomparisonwith
C.incontrastwith
D.inconjunctionwith
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:A
第6题:A
第7题:C
第8题:B
第9题:B
第10题:C
第11题:C
第12题:A
第13题:C
第14题:B
第15题:D
第16题:D
第17题:B
第18题:C
第19题:A
第20题:D
【解析】(1)考查名词辨析。radiation意为“辐射”;ration意为“配给量,定量”;mediation意为“调停,调解”;magnetism意为“磁性,磁力”。此处表示“来自手机与基站的辐射”,因此选A。
(2)考查形容词辨析。incredible意为“不可思议的”;credible意为“可靠的,可信的”;credulous意为“轻信的,易受骗的”;fabulous意为“极好的,极妙的”。此处表示“尽管缺乏可靠的证据表明有任何伤害”,因此选B。
(3)考查形容词辨析。beneficiary意为“受封的,臣服的”;profitable意为“有益的,有利可图的”,主要指在金钱方面有利可图的;beneficent意为“行善的,慈善的”;beneficial意为“有利的,有益的”,指对健康、身心或事业有益。此处表示“手机对健康的有益证据”,因此选D。
(4)考查分词作定语。carryout意为“实施,执行,进行”,carryout是主语asystematicreview(系统性调查)的承受者,再根据空格后面的by,可知此处表示被动关系,故用carryout的过去分词,因此选C。
(5)考查名词辨析。delivery意为“传送,递送”;post意为“邮政,邮递”;transportation意为“运送,运输”;circulation意为“流通”。此处表示“提供医疗保健”,因此选A。
(6)考查谓语动词。分析句子结构,主语为Theseuses,宾语为threecategories,缺少谓语,B、D选项为现在分词,是非谓语动词,故排除;此处表示“短信的用途分为三种”,不需要用被动语态,故排除C选项,因此选A。
(7)考查介词用法。incorporate意为“将……包括在内,包含”。空格前的by为介词,介词后面接动名词,因此选C。
(8)考查动词辨析。pay意为“付款,支付”;fund意为“为……提供资金,拨款给”;make意为“做,制造”;give意为“给”。此处表示“这项研究由Vodafone资助”,因此选B。
(9)考查动词辨析。stimulate意为“刺激”;boost意为“促进,提高”;correct意为“改正,纠正”;reduce意为“减少”。此处表示“使用短信提高效率”,因此选B。
(10)考查词义辨析。effort意为“努力,尝试”;trying意为“试图,想要”;trial意为“(对能力、质量、性能等的)试验,测试”;attempt意为“企图,试图”。此处表示“在英国进行的几次测试发现”,因此选C。
(11)考查动词辨析。increase意为“增加,增大”;improve意为“提高”;reduce意为“减少”;deduce意为“推论,推断”。此处表示“减少26-39%的人错过与家庭医生的预约”,因此选C。
(12)考查介词辨析。此处的andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointments3233-50%与前面的thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%为并列关系,因此也用by,表示相差的程度。
(13)考查词组辨析。addup意为“相加,加起来”;accustomto意为“适应,习惯于”;cometo意为“涉及,共计,苏醒”;contributeto意为“帮助,贡献”。此处表示“每年将节省共计约256万至364万英镑”,因此选C。
(14)考查动词不定式。remind意为“提醒,使想起”,空格前面的to为不定式,后面接动词原形,因此选B。
(15)考查副词辨析。fairly意为“适当,相当地”;considerably意为“相当,非常”;comparatively意为“比较上,相对地”;equally意为“平等地,同样地,相等地”。此处表示“在美国、挪威和瑞典的类似计划,取得了令人同样地满意的结果”,因此选D。
(16)考查副词辨析。largely意为“在很大程度上,主要地”;slightly意为“轻微地,轻轻地”;specially意为“特别地”,指事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的、用途;particularly意为“尤其,特别”,指与同类事物不同的个别事物。此处表示“尤其是传播给那些其他方式难以接触的人群”,因此选D。
(17)考查形容词辨析。available意为“可获得的”;unavailable意为“难以获得的,不能利用的”;accessible意为“易接近的”;unaccessible意为“难以接近的”。此处表示“或者在没有其他通信手段的发展中国家”,因此选B。
(18)考查名词辨析。denial意为“否认,否定”;refusal意为“拒绝”;compliance意为“顺从,遵从”;complexity意为“复杂性,难以理解的局势”。此处表示“鼓励患者遵守锻炼计划”,因此选C。
(19)考查逻辑关系。此处表示“这就是为什么”,因此选A。
(20)考查词组辨析。inthecompanyof意为“在……的陪同下”;incomparisonwith意为“与……相比,与……比较而言”;incontrastwith意为“与……相比,对照”;inconjunctionwith意为“与……共同,连同,与……协力”。此处表示“VictoriaFranklin和StephenGreene共同完成”,因此选D。
6.单选题
HeavyrainfallinthesouthofEnglandmeansthatfloodingis(
).
问题1选项
A.imminent
B.momentous
C.transient
D.prospective
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。imminent“即将发生的;迫近的”;momentous“重要的;重大的”;transient“短暂的;路过的”;prospective“未来的;预期的”。句意:英格兰南部的暴雨意味着即将有洪水发生。选项A符合题意。
7.单选题
Expertssaidthatmanyailmentsassociatedwithalossofnormaltissuemaybetreatableinthismanner.
问题1选项
A.symptoms
B.faults
C.risks
D.disorders
【答案】D
【解析】【选项释义】
A.symptoms症状B.faults责任,过错
C.risks危险,风险D.disorders不适,疾病
【答案】D
【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】ailments的意思为“轻病,小恙”,指的是这种方式或许可以治好某些疾病,disorders与之词义相近,因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。
【句意】专家说,许多与正常组织损失相关的疾病或许可以用这种方式治疗。
8.填空题
Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethasbeenunexpectedgreat,partly
becauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvestsinNorthAmericaisnowbeing
followedbyathird.
A
B
C
D
【答案】Bunexpected改为unexpectedly
【解析】【考查点】副词。
【解题思路】此句为主系表结构,形容词great为表语,B部分修饰great,应为副词,unexpectedly的意思为“出乎意料地”,符合语境。
【句意】世界粮食市场最近的出口盈余增长出人意料地大,部分原因是北美粮食连续两次大丰收之后,现在又出现了第三次大丰收。
9.单选题
Iwas()bytheirkindnessandmovedtotears.
问题1选项
A.preoccupied
B.embarrassed
C.overwhelmed
D.counseled
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项preoccupied“使全神贯注,抢先占有”;B选项embarrassed“使困窘”;C选项overwhelmed“(情感)难以承受”;D选项counseled“被劝告”。句意:我被他们的善良(),感动得流下眼泪。overwhelmed“(情感)难以承受”和带有情绪色彩的movetotear搭配使句子通顺。因此C选项正确。
10.单选题
BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforcongenialityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentsarethebreathoflife.
问题1选项
A.coexistence
B.coincidence
C.correlation
D.compatibility
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。congeniality表示“同性质;适意”。A项coexistence“共存”,B项coincidence“巧合,一致”,C项correlation“相关,关联”,D项compatibility“兼容”。句意:对于因为观点一致而选择对方成为朋友的法国人来说,活跃的争论和激烈的论断是他们生活中不可缺少的东西。根据句意,该题选D正确。
11.单选题
Ideas()fromone'sownexperiencearesometimesmorevaluablethanthosefrombooks.
问题1选项
A.derived
B.deprived
C.retreated
D.restored
【答案】A
【解析】固定搭配。derivefrom"来自……";deprive"剥夺,使丧失",后面一般接介词of;retreat"撤退";restore"归还,使恢复"。句意:人的经验之谈有时比书本里的话更有价值。选项A正确。
12.单选题
Whenitcomes___hiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevergrumbles.
问题1选项
A.tohelp
B.andhelps
C.tohelping
D.tohavehelped
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。whenitcomestosth./doingsth.“当提到;就……而论”。句意:当谈到帮助妻子做家务时,约翰从不抱怨。因此C选项正确。
13.单选题
The_______featureinTed’scharacterwaspride;hecouldn’teverthinkofdependingonanyonebuthimself.
问题1选项
A.controlling
B.prevailing
C.predominant
D.primary
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项controlling“控制欲强的(含贬义)”;B选项prevailing“普遍的,盛行的”;C选项predominant“明显的;占优势的”;D选项primary“主要的,基本的”。句意:骄傲是泰德的性格中_______的特点;除了他自己,他从不指望别人。根据语境,这里是指泰德非常骄傲,很容易看出来,所以predominant“明显的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。
14.写作题
Youarerequiredtowriteabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic“TheBadAspectofOnlineShopping”.
【答案】TheBadAspectofOnlineShopping15.单选题
Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen'sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.
Inanarticleonthenewmanners,Ms.Holmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn’tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.”Womengetinandoutofcarstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelytheycangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily".
Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk"Historicallythemanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays".
Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.
Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.
Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairout,IsatonitquitenaturallysinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.
"Well,"mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,"youdiditagain?'
"Didwhat?’,Iasked,utterlyconfused
"Tookthechair"
Actually,sincePdwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward.Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirstafterall.
Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomebadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.
1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat(
).
2.Bysaying"youdiditagain”,theauthor'swifemeansthat
(
).
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?
问题1选项
A.it’ssafetobreakrulesofsocialbehaviors
B.inwomen’sliberationmenarealsoliberated
C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore
D.menshouldwalkintheoutsideofapavement
问题2选项
A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher
B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid
C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress
D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher
问题3选项
A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman
B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit
C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger
D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:D
【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问‘从这篇文章可以得出,,,’。由第五段中“Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.通常,遵守社会行为准则比根据自己的品味行事更容易。当然,我们这些天生优雅的人可以安全地打破规则。”确定A选项“打破社会行为准则是安全的”太绝对;由第一段中“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.在妇女解放运动中,男人的好处之一是不再需要向女人支付旧式的礼遇。”确定B选项“在妇女的解放中,男性也被解放了”正确。C选项“女性正变得比以前更有能力”在文中没有提及;由第三段第二句“Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.男性应该在他想走的地方走路”确定D项“男性应该走在人行道的外侧”与原文不符。
2.推理判断题。题干询问‘说“你又做了一次”,作者的妻子意味着…’。根据第五段第三句“Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.例如,当一个男人和一个女人在餐馆被领到他们的桌子前,服务员拉出一把椅子,这个女人应该坐在椅子上。根据安•克拉克女士的说法,我总是用另一种方法来做。”,下文就举出作者自己做得相反的例子和倒数第三段中回答“Tookthechair坐了这个椅子”,可以确定C选项“作者不应该坐在被女侍者拉出的椅子上”正确。
3.细节事实题。题干询问‘以下哪一项不是作者比女士先上车的原因?’。由最后一段第一句“Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.而且,我的习惯是先上车,让女士自己上车。这是一种礼貌,我坚持作为更强的性别,出于爱和尊重。”确定A选项“他想对女性有礼貌”和B选项“他这那样做是出于习惯”是作者先于女性上车的原因;也确定D选项“他认为今天的女性如男人一样有能力”不是作者先于女性上车的原因,符合题意,正确;由最后一段中“Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.在这样的时候,可能会有攻击者隐藏起来。”确定C选项“他想保护女性不受隐藏的危险的伤害”也是作者先于女性上车的原因。
16.翻译题
Directions:ReadthefollowingtwotextscarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
(1)Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersex—bothphysicallyandemotionally.(2)Thus,theyarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenare“dependents.”
(3)Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen’sdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetween“women’swork”and“men’swork”inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.
(4)Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance.
Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesinsociallife.(5)Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.
Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.
【答案】1.性别歧视是在生理由先天决定这一思想基础上产生的,并被其合理化。根据这一思想,生理和心理的基本差异存在于性别之中。
2.这样,女人天生比男人更加适合履行家庭职责。在通常情况下,女人的位置处于在家里这个被保护的环境中。
3.这种思想还认为,想要走出家庭到外面工作的女人自然就应该在那些适合她们性别的行业里的工作。
4.最后,这种思想还认为,自然以另一种显著的方式行使了自己的意志。人类要长远生存下来,它的成员必须有规律地繁衍。
5.有充足的证据表明,性别角色在不同的社会里是不同的,而且这些确实存在的角色差异大都是后天学来的。
17.单选题
Theworldofeducationiscurrentlyundergoingamassivetransformationasaresultofthedigitalrevolution.Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.Intheapprenticeshipera,mostofwhatpeoplelearnedoccurredoutsideofschool.Universalschoolingledpeopletoidentifylearningwithschool,butnowtheidentificationofthetwoisunraveling.
Allarounduspeoplearelearningwiththeaidofnewtechnologies:childrenareplayingcomplexvideogames,workersareinteractingwithsimulationsthatputtheminchallengingsituations,studentsaretakingcoursesatonlinehighschoolsandcolleges,andadultsareconsultingWikipedia.Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.Thesenewlearningnichesenablepeopleofallagestopursuelearningontheirownterms.Peoplearoundtheworldaretakingtheireducationoutofschoolintohomes,libraries,Internetcafesandworkplaces,wheretheycandecidewhattheywanttolearn,whentheywanttolearn,andhowtheywanttolearn.
Whowillbenefitultimatelyfromthisrevolution?InAmericathereisacommercialpushtoselleducationalproductstoconsumerswhoarelookingforanedgeupintheraceforsuccess.ThismeansthattechnologicalproductsandservicesarepoppingupallovertheAmericanlandscape.Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.WethinkschoolshaveservedAmericaandtheworldverywell.Wegreatlyadmiretheteacherswhohavededicatedthemselvestohelpingchildrenfromdifferentbackgroundstolearnandthriveinachangingworld.Schoolshavemadeinvaluablecontributionstotheworld'sdevelopmentandwethinktheywillcontinuetodosowellintothefuture.
However,wethinkitistimethateducatorsandpolicymakersstarttorethinkeducationapartfromschooling.Educationisalifelongenterprise,whileschoolingformostencompassesonlyagesfiveto18or21.Evenwhenstudentsareinschoolmuchoftheireducationhappensoutsideofschool.Weallknowthattechnologyhastransformedourlargersociety.Ithasbecomecentraltopeople'sreading,writing,calculating,andthinking,whicharethemajorconcernsofschooling.Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.
Thecentralchallengeiswhetherourcurrentschoolswillbeabletoadaptandincorporatethenewpoweroftechnology-drivenlearningforthenextgenerationofpublicschooling.Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.
1.Whatcausedtheemergenceofuniversalschoolinginthe19thcentury?
2.Whatcanwelearnfromthe2ndparagraphabouttheauthor'sviewonnewtechnologies?
3.Accordingtotheauthor,thedigitalrevolutionisbeneficialfor(
).
4.Theword"periphery"inthe4paragraphprobablymeans
(
).
5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis(
).
问题1选项
A.thedigitalrevolution
B.theindustrialrevolution
C.thelearners'identification
D.thenewapproachtoeducation
问题2选项
A.Theonlineeducationwouldreplacethetraditionalcolleges.
B.Theleadingpositionofuniversitiesandschoolsmightbeunderthreat.
C.Thecomputersimulationcouldprovideworkerswithmoreopportunities.
D.Thelearningstrategiesandstyleswouldbedecidedbynewtechnologies.
问题3选项
A.theteachersinschoolsandcolleges
B.thebusinessmenstrivingforsuccess
C.thestudentsoutsideschoolsandcolleges
D.thebetter-offpurchasingeducationalproducts
问题4选项
A.theoutsideboundary
B.thespecialsites
C.theinnercircle
D.therelateddepartment
问题5选项
A.topresentthepowerofnewtechnologies
B.todescribethetransformationoflearningapproach
C.toadvocatethereformofeducationintheageoftechnology
D.toanalyzetheintegrationofnewtechnologiesintoschooling
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.(这种转变类似于19世纪工业革命后从学徒制向普及教育的转变)可知选B。
第2题:观点态度题。由文章第二段中Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.(新技术创造了挑战传统学校和大学的学习机会)可知B选项“大学和学校的领导地位可能受到威胁”符合题意。
第3题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.(教育曾经被视为人人享有平等机会的公共利益,现在出售给那些能够负担得起专门服务和计算机程序的人)可知选D,作者认为,数字革命有利于较富裕的人购买教育产品。
第4题:词义题。theoutsideboundary意为“外界”;thespecialsites意为“特殊地点”;theinne
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