考研考博-英语-仙桃职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-仙桃职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

问题1选项

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】句意:兼职及弹性工作方式加上培训与再培训方案推广，使得更多的妇女能够利用就业机会。

语法题。考查主谓一致。主语是不可数名词growth,故谓语用单数形式，故选D。

2.单选题

（）thehelpofhisrichuncle,hecouldnotbelivingawealthylifetoday.

问题1选项

A.Becauseof

B.Butfor

C.Inspiteof

D.Asfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项Becauseof表示“因为”；B选项Butfor表示“要不是”；C选项Inspiteof表示“尽管”；D选项Asfor表示“关于，至于”。分析句意可知，要不是他有钱的叔叔帮忙，他今天不可能过着富裕的生活。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

3.单选题

Anexplosionisreallyasuddenincreaseinvolume______.

问题1选项

A.causedbyrapidburning

B.andcausebyrapidburning

C.causingitsburningtoberapid

D.rapidburningcausesit

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法和句意。A项用cause的被动语态连接原因，作为后置定语修饰volume符合题意；根据题干与选项我们可以知道爆炸中的巨大声响是由快速燃烧引起的，所以不能选择C项；B项是被动语态，cause应该用过去分词，故排除；D项是一个完整的表示原因的从句，但是缺少连接词，所以不对。句意：爆炸实际上是由快速燃烧引起的体积的突然增加。因此，该题正确答案为A。

4.单选题

Whydosomenewproductssucceed,bringingmillionsofdollarstoinnovatingcompanies,whileothersfail,oftenwithgreatlosses?Theanswerisnotsimple,andcertainlywecannotsaythat"good"productssucceedwhile"bad"productsfail.Manyproductsthatfunctionwellandseentomeetconsumerneedshavefallenbythewayside.

Sometimes,virtuallyidenticalproductsexistinthemarketatthesametimewithoneemergingasprofitablewhiletheotherfails.McNealLaboratoriesTylenolhasbecomesuccessfulasanaspirinsubstitute,yetBristol-MeyersenteredthelestmarketataboutthesametimewithNeotrend,alsoasubstituteforaspirin,whichquicklyfailed.

Thenatureoftheproductisafactorinitssuccessoffailure,buttheimportantpointistheconsumer'sperceptionoftheproductsneed-satisfyingcapability.Anynewproductconceptionshouldbeaimedatmeetingacustomerneed,andtheintroductorypromotionshouldseektocommunicatethatneed-satisfyingqualityandmotivatethecustomertotrytheproduct.Often,attitudechangeisinvolved,and,intheextreme,changesinlife-stylemaybesought.

Herethecompanywalksatightrope,anewproductismorelikelytobesuccessfulifitrepresentsatrulynovelwayofsolvingacustomerproblembutthisverynewness,ifcarriedtoofar,mayaskthecustomertoteamnewbehaviorpatterns.Thecustomerwillmakethechangeiftheperceivedbenefitissufficientbutinertiaisstrongandcustomerswilloftennotgototheeffortthatisrequired.DuringthelatesixtiesandearlyseventiesBristol-Meyersmetwithnewproductfailuresthatexemplifybothoftheseproblems.In1967and1968thecompanyenteredthemarketwitha$5millionadvertisingcampaignforFacttoothpaste,andan$11millioncampaigntoprorateResolve,Bothproductsfailedquickly,notbecausetheydidn’tworkorbecausetherewasnoconsumerneedbutapparentlybecauseconsumersjustcouldseenoreasontoshiftfromanalreadysatisfactoryproducttoadifferentonethatpromisednonewbenefit.

1.Thefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraphisaquestiontowhichtheansweris（）

.

2.WhatareTylenolandNeotrend?

3.Thesuccessorfailureofaproductseemstobedeterminedbyanumberoffactors,oneofwhichtheauthoremphasizesisthecustomer'sperceptionoftheproduct's（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays"thecompanywalksatightrope"(Sentence1,paragraph3)?

5.Bristol-MeyersfailedinpromotingFacttoothpasteandResolvebecause（）

.

问题1选项

A.thatthegoodproductssucceedwhilethebadfail

B.thatthe“good”arenotreallygoodbutthe“bad”areactuallybad

C.thatnewproductswillsucceediftheyfunctionwellandfailiftheydon’t

D.notgivenintheparagraph

问题2选项

A.Theyarenamesoftwodrugmanufacturers.

B.Theyareprobablytwonewbrandsofmedicinewhichserveasasubstituteforaspirin.

C.TylenolisadrugmanufacturerwhereasNeotrendisanewsubstitutemedicineforaspirin.

D.Theyareprobablythenamesofchemistswhoinventedthenewmedicine.

问题3选项

A.qualityandprice

B.usefulnessanddurability

C.need-satisfyingcapability

D.appearanceandinnerpacking

问题4选项

A.Thecompanyhasboththechancetosucceedandtofailindealinginanewproduct.

B.Thecompanyhastostudycustomer'sbehaviorbeforeanewproductisintroduced.

C.Thecompanyhastofindanewwaytosolvecustomer'sproblemsbeforeanewproductisputonthemarket.

D.Thecompanyhastomakeagreatefforttoovercomethecustomer'sinertia.

问题5选项

A.theseproductsweretooexpensiveascomparedwiththeirdirectcompetitors

B.bothproductsfailedtomeetthecustomer'sneeds

C.thecustomerscouldseenosenseofaradicalchangeoftheirhabits

D.thecompanyforgotanEnglishsaying:"Youcannotteachanolddognewtricks"

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:根据第一段的内容，问题是：为什么一些新产品成功了，为创新公司带来了数百万美元，而另一些却失败了，而且往往损失惨重？第一段的后半部分只是围绕这个问题进行了举例说明，并没有在本段给出答案，所以选D。

第2题:根据关键词定位到第一段的最后一句话“McNealLaboratoriesTylenolhasbecomesuccessfulasanaspirinsubstitute,...Neotrend,alsoasubstituteforaspirin,whichquicklyfailed.”Tylenol做为阿司匹林的替代品成功了，而Neotrend作为阿司匹林的替代品失败了。可见它们两个都是阿司匹林的替代品，选项B正确。

第3题:根据关键词“customer'sperception”定位到第二段的第一句“Thenatureoftheproductisafactorinitssuccessoffailure,buttheimportantpointistheconsumer'sperceptionoftheproductsneed-satisfyingcapability.”选项C正确。

第4题:根据第三段的第一句“Herethecompanywalksatightrope...newbehaviorpatterns.”在这种情况下，公司就像走钢丝一样，如果一种新产品代表了一种真正新颖的解决客户问题的方法，那么它就更有可能成功，如果不是，客户可能会寻求新的行为模式。说明公司应该努力克服客户方面的各种行为反映，不管是积极的还是不积极的。选项D符合原文。

第5题:根据关键词“Bristol-Meyers”定位到第三段，由最后一句话“Bothproductsfailedquickly,...noreasontoshiftfromanalreadysatisfactoryproducttoadifferentonethatpromisednonewbenefit.”可知，这两种产品很快就失败了，不是因为它们不起作用，也不是因为消费者没有需求，而是很明显，消费者找不到任何理由从一种已经令人满意的产品转向另一种不会带来任何好处的新产品。所以选项C符合原文。

5.不定项选择题

Wedonotknowwhenmanfirstbegantousesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughouthistory.(21)（）evidenceshows,forexample,thatpeoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate(22)（）fish.Stealingsaltwasconsideredamajorcrimeatcertaintimesinhistory.Intheeighteenthcentury,forinstance,ifapersonwas(23)（）“stealingsalt”,hecouldbeputinprison.Historyrevealsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputinprisonduringthatcentury(24)（）stealingsalt.

Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyuses(25)（）thediningtable.Itisusedinmakingglassandairplaneparts,inthe(26)（）ofcropsandinkillingweeds.Itisalsousedtomakewatersoft,tomelticeonroadsandhighways,tomakesoap,andto(27)（）colorsincloth.Saltcanbeobtainedinvariousways,besidesbeingtakenfromminesunderground.Evaporationofsaltwaterfromtheoceanorfromsaltwaterlakesorsmallseasisoneofthe(28)（）commonprocessesformanufacturingsalt.InAustralia,itcanevenbetakenfroma“saltbush.”Yet,(29)（）itisobtained,saltwillcontinuetoplayanimportant(30)（）inthelivesofmenandwomeneverywhere.

问题1选项

A.Ancient

B.Historic

C.Historical

D.Old

问题2选项

A.salt

B.salted

C.salting

D.salty

问题3选项

A.arrested

B.caught

C.got

D.seized

问题4选项

A.as

B.by

C.for

D.through

问题5选项

A.besides

B.beyond

C.except

D.over

问题6选项

A.bearing

B.developing

C.growing

D.training

问题7选项

A.fasten

B.fix

C.preserve

D.tie

问题8选项

A.little

B.many

C.much

D.more

问题9选项

A.however

B.whatever

C.whenever

D.wherever

问题10选项

A.duty

B.function

C.responsibility

D.role

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:D

第10题:D

【解析】21.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查上下文和词语辨析。A项ancient“古代的”，B项historic“有历史意义的”，C项historical“历史的”，D项old“老的”。上文提到ithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughouthistory（盐的使用方式在历史上有很多种），那么接下来的空格根据文章逻辑可知是表示“历史证明”，historicalevidence表示“历史证明，史实”。故该题选C。

22.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项salt“含盐的”，B项salted“用盐腌渍的，用盐调味的”，C项salting是salt的现在分词形式，D项salty“咸的；含盐的”。根据句子peoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate…fish（生活在三千多年前的人们吃……鱼），结合上文提到了盐，可知空格是表示“咸鱼，腌鱼”；saltedfish表示“咸鱼，腌鱼”。故该题选B。

23.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查动词辨析和语境。A项arrest“逮捕”，指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留；B项catch“抓住”，指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物，一般指活捉；C项get“得到”；D项seize“夺取，逮捕”，侧重指以突然、有力地动作迅速抓住或捉住。根据句子ifapersonwas...“stealingsalt”（如果一个人被……偷盐），可知空格是表示“抓住”；故该题选B。

24.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查介词辨析。A项as“作为”，B项by“通过”，C项for“为，因为”；D项through“通过”。根据句子Historyrevealsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputinprisonduringthatcentury…stealingsalt.（历史表明，在那个世纪大约有一万人被关进监狱……偷盐。），可知空格是表示原因；故该题选C。

25.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查介词辨析。A项besides“除了……还有，另外”，B项beyond“超过”，C项except“除外”；D项over“完全覆盖，翻转”。根据句子Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyuses…thediningtable.（在现代，……餐桌上，盐还有许多用途），结合后文可知空格是表示“除了”；故该题选A。

26.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A项bearing“承载，忍受”，B项developing“发展”，C项growing“成长”；D项training“训练”。根据空格处后面的crops（庄稼，农作物）可知，空格表达的是“庄稼的种植”；故该题选C。

27.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项fasten“使固定”，B项fix“维修”，C项preserve“保存，维持”；D项tie“系牢，打结”。根据句子Itisalsousedtomakewatersoft,tomelticeonroadsandhighways,tomakesoap,andto…colorsincloth（它也被软化水，融化道路和高速公路上的冰，制造肥皂，以及……给布料的颜色）可知，空格表达的是“保持颜色”；故该题选C。

28.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项little“少的”，修饰不可数名词，B项many“许多的”，修饰可数名词，C项much“许多”，修饰不可数名词；D项more“更多”，多用于比较级。根据空格处前面oneofthe…可知，如果空格处是最高级，应该是oneofthemost…，more是比较级，没有oneofthemore…这个用法，因此D项排除。little和much都是修饰不可数名词，但是空格处后面是processes，所以A项和C项也排除。句意：从海洋、咸水湖或小海中蒸发盐水是制造盐的许多常见过程之一。故该题选B。

29.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查连词辨析。A项however“然而”，B项whatever“无论什么”，C项whenever“无论何时”，D项wherever“无论哪里”。根据句子Evaporationofsaltwaterfromtheoceanorfromsaltwaterlakesorsmallseasisoneofthemuchcommonprocessesformanufacturingsalt.InAustralia,itcanevenbetakenfroma“saltbush”.（从海洋、咸水湖或小海中蒸发盐水是制造盐的许多常见过程之一。在澳大利亚，它甚至可以取自“盐性灌木”。），结合前面提到的能够提取盐的地方，可知空格处应该是表示“无论在哪里获得盐”；故该题选D。

30.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A项duty“责任”，B项function“功能”，C项responsibility“责任，义务”，D项role“角色”，固定搭配playarolein表示“在……起作用”；句意：然而，无论在哪里获得盐，盐将继续在人们的生活中发挥重要作用。故该题选D。

6.单选题

Aswemoveintothe21stcenturytheconceptofreadingwasrecognizedbymostasinvolvingamuchmorecomplexsetofskillsthanhadbeenunderstoodinthepast.Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.

ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.

Readingandtheteachingofreadinghavebecomemorecomplexandreachoutacrossawiderandwideraudience,sothatwenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy.Weacceptthatwewilllearnnewskillsinnewcontexts.ItisaK-adultcurriculumnow.

However,itisanagewhenpoliticsandpoliticianshavetakencontroloftheliteracyagenda.Thisisnotsurprising,asthosewhodon'thavehighlevelsofliteracyaremorelikelytoendup’onsomesortofsocialsupportandthusareviewedasa“burden”tosociety.So,inordertosavemoneyinthelong-term,”itseemspoliticianshaveagreedthatliteracybeginsintheearlyyears.Andtheyarefinallypreparedtosupportthisconcept.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acriticalreadershouldbeableto（

）.

2.Fromthecontextofthepassagewecaninferthepossiblemeaningof“K-adultcurriculum(Paragraph3)”as

（

）.

3.Inthediagramwecaninferthatthefeaturesoftextanalystpracticesmainlyinvolves（

）.

问题1选项

A.appreciateandinterpretthereadingsholisticallyinvariousdimensionsandapproaches

B.evaluatethepassagewithculturalbackgroundandcontext

C.readandapprehendtheinformationofthepassageswithvariousandcomprehensivetechniquesofreading

D.deductthethemeofpassagewithneutralandcriticalview

问题2选项

A.acurriculumofreadingcoursewithcomprehensiveskillsforadultlearners

B.acourseplanwithcombinationskillsofbothcultureandcontextinterpretationinreading

C.alifelongreadingteachingschedulefromchildhood(Kindergarten)toadulthood

D.areadingcourseplanwithvariousknowledgeforadultreader

问题3选项

A.clearseparationfromcodebreakerpracticesbutcloserelationwithtextuserpractices

B.thegraphophonic,semanticandsyntacticcuesandrelatedtothetextuserpracticesandotherreadingpracticesatfoundationportions

C.thestudyofsemanticandsyntacticcharactersbutlessofgraphicandphoneticelementsaboutthepassages

D.mainlysyntacticcueswhichseemsnottoberelatedtocodebreakerpractices

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段：“Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.今天的文化要求读者不仅能够阅读快乐和信息，而且能够对文本提出问题，认识到作者试图给读者定位的方式，并成为所谓的“批判性”读者。”可知C项“运用多种多样的综合阅读技巧，阅读和理解文章中的信息”正确，A项“从不同的角度和方法全面理解阅读材料”；B项“用文化背景和语境来评价文章；C项“运用多种多样的综合阅读技巧，阅读和理解文章中的信息”；D项“以中立和批判的观点演绎文章的主题”。

2.判断推理题。定位到第三段:wenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy…我们现在承认，我们是阅读的终生学习者，或者更准确地说，是读写能力的终生学习者。可知C项“从儿童(幼儿园)到成人的终身阅读教学计划”正确。

3.细节事实题。定位到第二段“ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.简单的维恩图被用来描述语言提示系统（下图）制造时代的含义已经进化到更复杂的图,包括文化和语境的影响读者以及读者的角色必须是有效的。”可知B项“在基础部分，与文本用户实践和其他阅读实践相关的书面、语义和语法线索”正确。

7.单选题

Whileafullunderstandingofwhatcausesthediseasemaybeseveralyearsaway,______leadingtosuccessfultreatmentcouldcomemuchsooner.

问题1选项

A.adistinction

B.abreakthrough

C.anidentification

D.aninterpretation

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.adistinction差别，区别B.abreakthrough重大进展，突破

C.anidentification鉴定，辨认D.aninterpretation理解，解释

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据while可知，这里是一个让步状语从句，意思是“尽管要完全了解这种疾病的病因可能还需要几年时间”，而主句提到“导致成功治疗的______可能会很快到来”，可推知空格处表示“突破性进展”，所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】虽然要完全了解这种疾病的病因可能还需要几年时间，但导致成功治疗的突破性进展可能会很快到来。

8.写作题

Directions:Writeashortessay(around200words)expressingyourideaaboutGOODMANNERSin3paragraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodevelopitsideasincompletingtheparagraph.

1.Goodmannersmeangoodbehaviorinsocialintercourse.

2.Aselfishmancanneverpossessgoodmanners.

3.Thenhowtolearngoodmanners?

【答案】略

9.单选题

Afterall,thefoodcrisisisoverandthewoodwill（

）itslong-termupwardtrendinagricultureproduction.

问题1选项

A.resume

B.renew

C.recover

D.restore

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。resume“重新开始，继续”；renew“更新”；recover“恢复”；restore“恢复，还原”。句意：毕竟粮食危机已经解除，木材将继续它在农业产品中的上涨趋势。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Myworkwithleadersfromallwalksoflifehas（

）methattheywerenotbornleaders—theyaremade.

问题1选项

A.advocated

B.implied

C.convinced

D.illustrated

【答案】C

【解析】convincesb.that“使某人相信...”。句意:我与各行各业领导人的共事让我相信,他们不是天生的领导者,而是后天形成的。选项C正确。

11.单选题

Ourteacherwasusuallyverykindsothathissudden（）greatlysurprisedus.

问题1选项

A.heartiness

B.unhappiness

C.harshness

D.uprightness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项heartiness“热心；诚实”；B选项unhappiness“不幸福”；C选项harshness“严厉；严肃”；D选项uprightness“正直”。句意：我们老师平常很和气，因此突然……起来让我们大吃一惊。有转折应选反义词汇最为合适，故选C。

12.单选题

Heleftthehouse______unawarethathewasstillwearinghispajamas.

问题1选项

A.assiduously

B.blithely

C.perfunctorily

D.domestically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项assiduously“刻苦地，勤勉地”，B项blithely“快活地，无忧无虑地”，C项perfunctorily“敷衍地，潦草地，表面地”，D项domestically“国内地，家庭式地，适合国内地”。由句子意思“他离开了家_______没有意识到他还穿着睡衣”可知，空格处应该填入副词修饰unaware，四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意：他若无其事地离开了家，没有意识到他还穿着睡衣。因此，该题选择C项正确。

13.单选题

To（

）people’shungerforadventures,theycameupwithmanyhigh-techvideogames.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.beautify

C.appease

D.nullify

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。Enhance“加强”；beautify“美化”；appease“使平息，使满足”；nullify“使无效，作废”。句意：为了满足人们对冒险的渴望，他们想出了许多高科技电子游戏。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Thecompanywill（）toitsagreement,nomatterhowcostlytheprocessmaybe.

问题1选项

A.retain

B.alter

C.adhere

D.abandon

【答案】C

【解析】动词搭配。retain”保持,记住”;alter“改变,更改”;adhere“坚持,追随”,一般与to连用;abandon“抛弃,遗弃”。句意:无论过程中会付出多大的代价,这家公司都将坚持其协议。选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

Everyminuteofeveryday,whatecologistJamesCarltoncallsaglobal“conveyorBelt”redistributesoceanorganism.It’saplanetwidebiologicaldisruptionthatscientistshavebarelybeguntounderstand.

Dr.Canton—anoceanographer（海洋研究者）atWilliamstown.Mass.-explainsthat,atanygivenmoment,“thereareseveralthousand[marine]species[traveling]…intheballastwater（船舶压载水）ofships.”Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.Thisisthelargerdimensionoftheinfamousinvasionoffish-destroying,pipe-cloggingzebramussels（斑马贝）.

Suchvoraciousinvadersatleastmaketheirpresenceknown.WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.Manyofthemprobablyjustdieout.Somebenignly―orevenbeneficially—jointhelocalscene.Butsomewillmaketrouble.

Inonesense,thisisanoldstory.Organismshaveriddenshipsforcenturies.Theyhaveclungtohullsandcomealongwithcargo.What’snewisthescaleandspeedofthemigrationsmadepossiblebythemassivevolumeofship-ballastwater—takenintoprovideshipstability—continuouslymovingaroundtheworld

Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway.Asingleloadcanruntohundredsofthousandsofgallon.Somelargershipstakeonasmuchas40milliongallons.Thecreaturesthatcomealongtendtobeintheirlarva（幼体）freefloatingstage.Whendischargedinalienwaterstheycanmatureintocrabs,jellyfish,slugs,andmanyotherforms.

Sincetheprobleminvolvescoastalspecies,simplybanningballastdumpsincoastalwaterswould,intheory,solveit.Coastalorganismsinballastwaterthatisflushedintomid-oceanwouldnotsurvive.SuchabanhasworkedfortheNorthAmericanInlandWaterway.Butitwouldbehardtoenforceitworldwide.Heatingballastwaterorstrainingitshouldalsohaltthespeciesspread.Butbeforeanysuchworldwideregulationswereimposed,scientistswouldneedaclearerviewofwhatisgoingon.

Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.ItcanhavedevastatingeffectsasinthecaseoftheAmericancombjellyfishthatrecentlyinvadedtheBlackSea.Ithasdestroyedthatsea'sanchovyfisherybyeatinganchovyeggs,itmaysoonspreadtowesternandnorthernEuropeanwaters.

Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.

1.AccordingtoDr.Carlton,oceanorganismsare（）.

2.Oceanorganizersareconcernedbecause（）.

3.AccordingtoMarineecologists,transplantedmarinespecies（）.

4.Theidentifiedcauseoftheproblemis（）.

5.Thearticlesuggeststhatasolutiontotheproblem（）.

问题1选项

A.beingmovedtonewenvironments

B.destroyingtheplanet

C.succumbingtothezebramussel

D.developingaliencharacteristics

问题2选项

A.theirknowledgeofthisphenomenonislimited

B.theybelievetheoceansaredying

C.theyfearaninvasionfromouter-space

D.theyhaveidentifiedthousandsofalienwebs

问题3选项

A.mayupsettheecosystemsofcoastalwaters

B.areallcompatiblewithoneanother

C.canonlysurviveintheirhomewaters

D.sometimesdisruptshippingtimes

问题4选项

A.therapiditywithwhichlarvaemature

B.acommonpracticeoftheshippingindustry

C.acenturiesoldspecies

D.theworldwidemovementofoceancurrents

问题5选项

A.isunlikelytobeidentified

B.mustprecedefurtherresearch

C.ishypotheticallyeasy

D.willlimitglobalshipping

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词Dr.Carlton定位到第二段Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.这些生物从适合当地生命网的沿海水域迁移到一些可能会将网络撕裂的地方。可知这些海洋生物从沿海水域被转移到了其他地方。故A项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第三段“WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.坎顿和其他海洋生态学家担心的是，他们对每天悄悄进入世界各地沿海水域的数百只外来入侵者缺乏了解。”可知海洋学家担心的是他们对外来入侵者不了解。故A项正确。

3.推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.Itcanhavedevastatingeffects…不断移动的海洋生物已经在全球范围内改变了海洋生物。它会产生毁灭性的影响…可知外来海洋生物的入侵会扰乱水域的生态系统，造成严重影响。故A项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第五段“Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway船舶将压舱水及其居民装载在一个港口的沿海水域，并将压舱水倾倒在数千公里以外的另一个港口。”可知造成外来海洋生物入侵的原因是船舶为了保持平衡要洗手大量的压舱水，到另一个港口后，要将这些压舱水倒出来，所以船舶的运输为海洋生物入侵提供了机会，B项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.那些创造了生物“传送带”的海洋国家应该协调国际力量，小心翼翼地弄清楚正在发生的事情以及应该做些什么。可知B项“必须进行进一步的研究”正确。

16.单选题

Heissittinginthecatbird（）.

问题1选项

A.seat

B.nest

C.position

D.den

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。sitinthecatbirdseat“处于必胜无疑的地位”。句意：他处于必胜无疑的地位。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

CharlesWheeler’spaintingsoften（）thesharpedgesandgeometricalshapesofmachines.

问题1选项

A.highlight

B.revive

C.visualize

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项highlight“突出；强调”；B选项revive“复兴；复活”；C选项visualize“设想；形象化”；D选项upgrade“升级；改善”。句意：查尔斯•惠勒的作品……机器的锋利的边缘和几何形状。句中的主语是paintings“绘画；画作”，可知是在谈论这位画家作品的风格，会着重强调哪些部分。因此A选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Theplantsareina(n)（）plasticbox,sothechildrencanobservehowtherootsgrowwithtime.

问题1选项

A.appropriate

B.intricate

C.transparent

D.waterproof

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项appropriate“合适的，适当的”；B选项intricate“复杂的，错综的”；C选项transparent“透明的，显然的”；D选项waterproof“防水的”。句意：这些植物被放在一个（）的塑料盒子里，这样孩子们就可以观察它们的根是怎么随着时间的推移生长的。通过后半句的“孩子可以观察它的生长”可以得出，这个盒子应该是“透明的”才能便于孩子观察，因此C选项符合题意。

19.单选题

）

theafternoon.

问题1选项

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】A

【解析】句意:股票交易市场上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午却小幅上涨。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。regain恢复,收回（不及物动词）上涨；recover恢复,弥补,重新获得；restore恢复,还原;revive复兴,苏醒,恢复精祌。根据前面句意以及表转折的but可知A符合句意。

20.单选题

Onlyinrecentyears（）beguntorealizethatwilddogs,keptwithinbounds,oftendomoregoodthanharm.

问题1选项

A.peoplehave

B.sincepeoplehave

C.havepeople

D.peoplewhohave

【答案】C

【解析】倒装结构。Only位于句首，句子需要倒装，即将助动词提前，所以选项C正确。

21.单选题

Ascivilization（）inthedirectionoftechnology,itpassesthepointofsupplyingallthebasicessentialsoflife-food,shelterandclothes.

问题1选项

A.processes

B.precedes

C.proceed

D.exceeds

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A:process“加工，处理”；B:precede“领先”；C:proceed“行进”；D:exceed“超过”。句意：随着文明朝着科技的方向前进，它改变了生活最基本的要素——食物、住所和衣服。结合此处题干：朝着科技的方向，判断出C选项为正确答案。

22.单选题

Moststudentsarriveatcollegeusing“discrete,concreteandabsolutecategoriestounderstandpeople,knowledge,andvalues.”Thesestudentslivewithadualisticview,seeing“theworldinpolartermsofwe-right-goodvs.other-wrong-bad.”Thesestudentscannotacknowledgetheexistenceofmorethanonepointofviewtowardanyissue.Thereisone“right”way.Andbecausetheseabsolutesareassumedbyorimposedontheindividualfromexternalauthority,theycannotbepersonallysubstantiatedorauthenticatedbyexperience.Thesestudentsareslavestothegeneralizationsoftheirauthorities.Aneyeforaneye!Capitalpunishmentisaptjusticeformurder.TheBiblesaysso.

Moststudentsbreakthroughthedualisticstagetoanotherequallyfrustratingstage—multiplicity.Withinthisstage,studentsseeavarietyofwaystodealwithanygiventopicorproblem.However,whilethesestudentsacceptmultiplepointsofview,theyareunabletoevaluateorjustifythem.Tohaveanopinioniseveryone’sright.Whilestudentsinthedualisticstageareunabletoproduceevidencetosupportwhattheyconsidertobeself-evidentabsolutes,studentsinthemultiplisticstageareunabletoconnectinstancesintocoherentgeneralizations.Everyassertion,everypoint,isvalid.Intheirdemocracytheyaredirectionless.Capitalpunishment?Whatsenseisthereinansweringonemurderwithanother?

Thethirdstageofdevelopmentfindsstudentslivinginaworldofrelativism.Knowledgeisrelative:rightandwrongdependonthecontext.Nolongerrecognizingthevalidityofeachindividualideaoraction,relativistsexamineeverythingtofinditsplaceinanoverallframework.Whilethemultiplistviewstheworldasunconnected,almostrandom,therelativistseeksalwaystoplacephenomenaintocoherentlargerpatterns.Studentsinthisstageviewtheworldanalytically.Theyappreciateauthorityforitsexpertise,usingittodefendtheirowngeneralizations.Inaddition,theyacceptorrejectostensibleauthorityaftersystematicallyevaluatingitsvalidity.Inthisstage,however,studentsresistdecisionmaking.Sufferingtheambivalenceoffindingseveralconsistentandacceptablealternatives,theyarealmostoverwhelmedbydiversityandneedmeansformanagingit.Capitalpunishmentisappropriatejustice—insomeinstances.

Inthefinalstagestudentsmanagediversitythroughindividualcommitment.Studentsdonotdenyrelativism.Rathertheyassertanidentitybyformingcommitmentsandassumingresponsibilityforthem.Theygatherpersonalexperienceintoacoherentframework,abstractprinciplestoguidetheiractions,andusetheseprinciplestodisciplineandgoverntheirthoughtsandactions.Theindividualhaschosentojoinaparticularcommunityandagreestolivebyitstenets.Theaccusedhashadthebenefitofdueprocesstoguardhiscivilrights,ajuryofpeershasfoundhimguilty,andthestatehastherighttoendhislife.ThisisaprinciplemycommunityandIendorse.

31.Studentswhoare“dualistic”thinkersmaynotbeabletosupporttheirbeliefsconvincinglybecause________.

32.Whichoneofthefollowingassertionsissupportedbythepassage?

33.Inparagraphtwo,theauthorstatesthatintheir“democracy”studentsinthemultiplicitystagearedirectionless.Thewriterdescribesmultiplicitystudentsasbeingina“democr