考研考博-英语-六盘水职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-六盘水职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Culturecannotbesimplyamatterofpolitics,ofcourse.[l]Politics,afterall,isconcernedwithinfluencingtheinstitutionsofthestateandtheseareoflimiteduseinaffectingtheculture.Noteventhetotalitarianstatehasbeenabletoachievetheculturalgoalsitsetitself,thedemocraticstateisanevenlesslikelyagentofculturalchange,andindeed,intheAmericantraditionofdemocracy,itshouldnotaimtobethat.Consequently,aculturalagendacannotbeapoliticalagendaonly.Itwillhavetobepursuedinmanydifferentinstitutions,mostimportantlyintheinstitutionsofcivilsociety.Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.[2]Notsurprisingly,thentouchofAmericanpoliticsinrecentdecadeshasbeenovertheso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.Thatis,theseissueshaveinvolvedconflictsoverthequestionsofwhoweareandhowwearetolivetogether.

[3]Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.[4]Sincetheearlynineteen-seventiestheDemocraticPartyhasalmostcompletelyidentifieditselfwiththeagendaoftheculturalLeft(considerablylesssowithotherLeftpositions,suchasthoseoneconomicorforeignpolicy).Giventheimportanceofhighlyorganizedpressuregroups,especiallyintheprimaryprocess,thecaptivityoftheDemocraticPartytothecultureof"thesixties"hasbeenmassive.TheRepublicanpictureishardlymoreencouraging.Anincreasinglyvocalsegmentofthatparty'sconstituencyhastakenradicallyanti-"progressive"positionsontheculturalissues.Andagain,thesegroupshavehadaninfluencefarbeyondtheirnumericalstrengthbecauseoftheirstrategicroleinthemechanicsofelections,especiallyontileprimarylevel.[5]Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.[6]Thus,forinstance,traditionallyDemocraticlaborofficialsarenotverycrediblewhentheyexpressenthusiasmforgayrights,neitherare"country-club"Republicanswhentheyvoiceoutrageoverabortionorthedeclineofsexualmorality.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue”owingtothefactthat______.

2.Theauthordeemsthat______.

3.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwo-partysystemareimpliedinthepassageEXCEPTthat______.

4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

5.Theword"credible"inthelastsentenceprobablymeans______.

问题1选项

A.culturesimplyexpressesitselfasamatterofpolitics

B.cultureplaysdifferentrolesindifferentstates

C.politicalpartiesusecultureasatooltopromotetheirideologies

D.politicianssetculturalgoalsandthuschangecultureattheirpleasure

问题2选项

A.Americancourts,ineffect,servethepurposeofdemocracy

B."social"or"value"issuesinrecentdecadesarenomorethancultureissues

C.cultureinfluencestheinstitutionsofthestate

D.aculturalagendasimplyreflectstheaimsofthecurrentadministration

问题3选项

A.neitherpartyobjectivelystandsonthemiddlegroundonculturalissues

B.eitherpartyrejectsthosewhoholddifferentpoliticalviewpoints

C.theRepublicanPartyhasbeenidentifiedastheright-wingparty

D.bothDemocratic'andRepublicanleadersarehypocriticalinpromotingculturalprogress

问题4选项

A.theoperationofthetwo-partysystem

B.cultureinapoliticalsense

C.cultureindifferentinstitutions

D.culturalagendaofdietwoparties

问题5选项

A.deservingtobebelieved

B.deservingpraiseorapproval

C.capableofbeingrealized

D.capableofbeingrespected

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容“Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.”因为国家的巨大权力被用来促进各种意识形态的目的。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第一段“Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.”选项A错误；根据第一段的倒数第三句“...theso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.”不仅仅是文化问题,所以选项B也错误；选项C符合原文,选项D在文中没有提及。

3.根据第二段的第一句“Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.”可知选项A正确；根据第二段“Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.”可知选项B正确；根据第二段的倒数第二句“ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.”可知选项D正确,只要选项C在文中未提及。

4.根据原文内容可知。本文的两个关键词是政治和文化,所以选项B符合原文。

5.credible指值得被相信的,选项A正确。

2.单选题

SendingachildtoschoolinEnglandisastepwhichmanyparentsdonotfindeasytotake.Intheory,atleast,theproblemisthatthereareverymanychoicestomake.Letustrytolistsomeofthealternativesbetweenwhichparentsareforcedtodecide.Tobeginwith,theymayaskthemselveswhethertheywouldliketheirchildtogotoasingle-sexschooloraco-educationalschool.Theymayalsoconsiderwhetherheshouldgotoaschoolwhichisconnectedtoaparticularchurchorreligiousgroup,orwhethertheschoolshouldhavenosuchconnections.AnotherdecisioniswhethertheschoolshouldbeoneofthevastmajorityfinancedbytheStateoroneoftheverysmallbutinfluentialminorityofprivateschools,thoughthischoiceis,ofcourse,onlyavailabletothesmallnumberofthosewhocanpay.Alsoconnectedwiththequestionofmoneyiswhetherthechildshouldgotoaboardingschoolorliveathome.Thenthereisthequestionofwhatthechildshoulddoatschool.Shoulditbeaschoolwhosecurriculumlaysemphasis,forinstance,onnecessaryskills,suchasreading,writingandmathematics,oronewhichpaysmoreattentiontodevelopingthechild’spersonality,morally,emotionallyandsocially.Finally,withdissatisfactionwithconventionaleducationasgreatasitisinsomecirclesinEnglandandcertainlyintheUSA,thequestionmightevenariseintheparents’mindsastowhetherthechildshouldbecompelledtogotoschoolatall.Althoughinpractice,someparentsmaynotthinktwiceaboutanyofthesechoicesandsendtheirchildtotheonlyschoolavailableintheimmediateneighbourhood，anyparentwhoisinterestedenoughcaninsistthatasmanychoicesaspossiblebemadeopentohim,andthesystemistheoreticallysupposedtoprovidethem.

44.Parentsfindchoosingaschoolhardbecause（）.

45.Accordingtothepassage,someparents,ifallowed,mightlettheirchildrenstayathomebecausethey（）.

46.Whatisimpliedattheveryendofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thereisalimitednumberofchoices

B.someschoolsareveryexpensive

C.someschoolsaregovernmentschools

D.theyarefacedwithavarietyofoffers

问题2选项

A.don’tfindconventionaleducationsatisfactory

B.don’tknowhowtochooseamongdifferentschools

C.intendtoeducatetheirchildrenthemselves

D.findconventionaleducationtooexpensivetopayfor

问题3选项

A.Mostparentsareunconcernedaboutthechoicesavailabletothem.

B.Interestedparentscanrequestmoreschoolchoicesbeopentothem.

C.Theeducationalsystemmaynotprovideasmanychoicesasexpected.

D.Mostparentsusuallysendtheirchildrentotheschoolsnearby.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】44.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二句话Intheory,atleast,theproblemisthatthereareverymanychoicestomake.（至少在理论上，问题是需要做出很多选择。）也就是说在理论上，父母至少有很多选择，文章还列举了很多可供选择的学校模式。故父母给孩子选择一所学校很困难是因为有太多选择，D选项“他们面临各种各样的学校选择”正确；A选项“选择的数量有限”；B选项“有些学校很贵”以及C选项“有些学校是公立学校”都不是原文的观点。

45.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二句Finally,withdissatisfactionwithconventionaleducationasgreatasitisinsomecirclesinEnglandandcertainlyintheUSA,thequestionmightevenariseintheparents’mindsastowhetherthechildshouldbecompelledtogotoschoolatall.（最后，由于对传统教育的不满，在英国的一些圈子，在美国也有，关于孩子是否应该被强迫去上学的问题可能出现在父母的脑海中。）也就是说由于家长对于传统教育的不满，他们可能会考虑是否让孩子去上学，因此A选项“传统教育并不令人满意”符合题意。B选项“不知道如何在不同的学校中进行选择”；C选项“打算自己教育孩子”以及D选项“发现传统教育太昂贵而无法支付”并不是文章中提出的父母可能不送孩子去上学的原因。

46.事实细节题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一句Althoughinpractice,someparentsmaynotthinktwiceaboutanyofthese...caninsistthatasmanychoicesaspossiblebemadeopentohim,andthesystemistheoreticallysupposedtoprovidethem.（虽然在实践中，有些父母可能并不会考虑这些选择，而是把孩子送到附近唯一可以去的的学校，但是有足够兴趣的父母能够坚持要求开放尽可能多的选择，并且，这种选择学校的体制从理论上讲，应该提供这些选择。）由以可知，教育制度并没有提供那么多，而是它有义务开放却没有做到。因此B选项“有兴趣的家长可以要求更多的学校向他们开放”正确。A选项“大多数父母并不关心他们所能做的选择”，并不符合文意；C选项“教育系统提供的选择可能没有预期的那么多”，这个是正确的，但是是表面信息，更深层层次应该是“家长应该要求更多的学校向他们开放”，也就是B选项；D选项“大多数父母通常把他们的孩子送到附近的学校”，这也不是文章所暗示的，只是有提到。

3.单选题

Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelephonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninteraction,longenoughtosettlebackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument.

Voiceshavebeenraisedinprotestsincethebeginning,risinginpitchandviolenceinthenineteenthcenturyduringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,summoningurgentcrowdsintothestreetsanydayontheissueofnuclearenergy.Theprincipaldiscoveriesinthiscentury,allinall,aretheglimpsesofthedepthofourignoranceaboutnature.Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,mattersofabsolutecertainty—Newtonianmechanics,forexample—haveslippedthroughourfingers,andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,ambiguities;someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears,somearecanceledoutright,someundergorevisedversionsoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.

JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewandthelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.Forawhile,thingsseemedsimpleandclear,thecellwasaneatlittlemachine,amechanicaldevicereadyfortakingtopiecesandreassembling,likeatinywatch.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday’simagining.

Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo;thereiseverythingtodo.Whatliesahead,orwhatcanlieaheadiftheeffortsinbasicresearcharecontinued,ismuchmorethantheconquestofhumandiseaseortheimprovementofagriculturaltechnologyorthecultivationofnutrientsinthesea.Aswelearnmoreaboutfundamentalprocessesoflivingthingsingeneralwewilllearnmoreaboutourselves.

51.WhatCAN’Tbeinferredfromthelstparagraph?

52.Man’sattitudetowardscientificdiscoverieshasalwaysbeen（）.

53.Scientistshavediscoveredinthepastfewyearsthat（）.

54.Whatwashailedasabiologicalrevolutionthirtyyearsago?

55.Thewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageistosaythat（）.

问题1选项

A.Scientificexperimentsinthepastthreehundredyearshaveproducedmanyvaluableitems.

B.Forthreehundredyearstherehavebeenpeopleholdinghostileattitudetowardscience.

C.Forcenturiesscientificdiscoverieshavebeenhailedbythehumanworldunanimously.

D.Threehundredyearsisnotlongenoughtosettlebackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod.

问题2选项

A.suspicious

B.undoubting

C.cynical

D.critical

问题3选项

A.theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessary

B.thetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachine

C.manactuallyknowsnothingaboutDNA

D.manhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA

问题4选项

A.DiscoveryofthestructureofDNA.

B.Thedecodingofthelinearlanguage.

C.Themechanicaldevicefoundinthehumancell.

D.TheunbelievablecomplexityofDN

问题5选项

A.sciencehasgreatlyimprovedman’slife

B.scienceisfarfromperfectinexplorationoftheworld

C.sciencehasreacheditsclimaxinmanyfields

D.sciencehasdonetoolittletohumanbeings

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】51.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段，第一段讲述了科学相关的历史，定位到倒数第二句话Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninteraction,longenoughtosettlebackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.（对于测试一种人类互动的新方法来说，三百年似乎太长了，足够让人们回过头来对科学方法进行批判性评估，甚至可能足够让人们投票决定是否继续使用它。）通过这句话可以得出，三百年的时候足够长，以至于人们开始批判性的评估科学了，因此C选项“几个世纪以来，科学发现一直受到人类世界的一致欢迎”，是和文章不符合的，因为科学已经开始被质疑了，因此C选项当选。A选项“过去三百年的科学实验产生了许多有价值的东西”，是文章中提到的；B选项“三百年来，有人对科学持敌对态度”，是文章的观点；D选项“三百年的时间不足以让我们回过头来对科学方法进行批判性的评价”，这个虽然与原文看似不符合，但是后文有一句Thereisanargument.“但是这是有争议的。”可以看出这句话是有争议的，因此D选项是有争议的，不当选。

52.根据题干定位到第二段的最后一句someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears，somearecanceledoutright,someundergorevisedversionsoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.（有些物理定律每隔几年就会被修改，有些被彻底取消，有些经过了立法意图的修订，就好像它们是国会的法案一样。）可以得知人类对待科学发现并不认为它们是完美无缺的，而是不断修正、摈弃，甚至采取立法手段加以规范的，因此D选项“批判的”正确。A选项“怀疑的”；B选项“毋庸置疑的”；C选项“愤世嫉俗的”都不正确。

53.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段的最后一句话Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday’simagining.（但就在最近几年，它已经变得几乎令人难以置信的复杂，充满了奇怪的部分，其功能超出了今天的想象。）可知，人们对于DNA的研究还所知甚少，因此D选项“关于DNA，人类还有很多要学习”正确。A选项“将DNA暴露给公众是不必要的”，与原文不符；B选项“DNA中的微小细胞是一台整洁的小机器”，是细胞，不是DNA中的细胞；C选项“人类实际上对DNA一无所知”，并不是一无所知，只是知之甚少。

54.根据题干关键词定位到第三段的第一句话JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewandthelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.（就在30年前，当DNA分子奇妙的几何结构暴露在公众视野中，遗传学的线性语言被破译时，我们称之为一场生物学革命。）因此B选项“对线性语言的解码”正确。A选项“DNA结构的发现”；C选项“在人体细胞中发现的机械装置”以及D选项“DNA的复杂性令人难以置信”，都不是三十年前被称为生物学革命的原因。

55.主旨归纳题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo;thereiseverythingtodo.（这不仅仅是因为我们有更多的工作要做；有很多事情要做。）从而清楚地表明了作者的观点：科学刚刚起步，前面的路还很长。因此B选项“科学在探索世界的过程中远非完美”是文章的同义转述项，正确。A选项“科学极大地改善了人们的生活”，这个说法是正确的，但是不是作者写这篇文章的目的；C选项“科学在许多领域都达到了顶峰”，无关项；D选项“科学对人类的贡献太少了”，与原文不符。

4.问答题

Iwouldadvise(A)younottopressthematter(B)toohardorbecomeconvincingthat(C)moneydoesnotmatter(D).

【答案】试题答案：C;becomeconvincedthat

【解析】考查固定句型。convince意为“使相信，说服”，一般用于convincesb.that...（使某人相信……），其被动结构为：sb.beconvincedthat...本句为：you...becomeconvincedthat...

5.单选题

Canelectricitycausecancer?Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.

NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer.WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELEfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”

Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolosesleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhiteHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.

Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon.Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,itgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield.Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.

Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such"ionizing"radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.

Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.

ThePentagonisforfrompersuaded.Inablistering33critiqueoftheEPAreport,AirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving"biasedtheentiredocument"towardprovingalink,“Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthat(electromagneticfields)presentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer,”theAirForceconcludes.“ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport.”ThenPentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

2.Theview-pointoftheEPAis（）.

3.WhydidthePentagonandWhiteHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?

Because（

）

4.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon（）.

5.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?

问题1选项

A.studiesonthecauseofcancer

B.controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer

C.therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer

D.differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncancer

问题2选项

A.thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer

B.electricityreallyaffectscancer

C.controversial

D.lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer

问题3选项

A.itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.

B.everyunitofthemodernmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment.

C.thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.

D.theyhaddifferentarguments.

问题4选项

A.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.

B.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.

C.electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.

D.onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.

问题5选项

A.Theyareindifferent.

B.Theyareworriedverymuch.

C.Theymayexerciseprudentavoidance.

D.Theyareshocked.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨题。文章开篇就提出了电磁场是否会致癌这个问题，并提出有研究结果表明电磁场会增加患癌的危险性。第二段公布了EPA环保署的报告，认为电磁场与癌症之间存在偶然联系。第三段说明电磁场和癌症之间的关系问题仍然广受争议，需要进一步的研究和证明。下文提出五角大楼和白宫反对电磁场致癌的说法，因为每一个军事单位都依赖于电气设备的使用。纵观全文可知文章的主题主要是关于电磁场对癌症的影响的不同观点的讨论。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence‘suggestsacasuallink’betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer.”，可知EPA初步得出结论，科学证据表明，低频电磁场(波长非常长的电磁场)与白血病、淋巴瘤和脑癌之间存在偶然的联系。可判断出EPA认为电磁场和癌症之间有偶然的联系。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.”，可知从巨大的陆基雷达到战舰和每架飞机内置的防御系统，现代军队几乎每个单位都会用到电子设备，由此可知他们相信电磁场不会诱发癌症。可判断出五角大楼和白宫反对公布这份报告的原因在于现代军队的每一个单位都依赖于某种电子设备的大量使用。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第四段，“Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,itgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.”，可知当电流通过导线时，它会产生一个电磁场，对周围的物体施加压力。多年来，科学家们一直否认这种力可能是有害的，主要是因为它们非常微弱。可判断出从这个物理现象可知因为电磁场太弱了，所以没有害处。选项A符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolosesleep…Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.”，可知这个争论是会让人恐慌，但是现在没有人能否认，这个问题必须认真对待，需要更多的研究。可判断出人们还是会保持警惕的态度，会有意小心地避开电磁场。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,heisdeterminedto（

）hathehadbeendoingtoattainthegoal.

问题1选项

A.assume

B.consume

C.presume

D.resume

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项assume“承担”；B选项consume“消耗，挥霍”；C选项presume“假定，推测”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始，继续”。

句意：他病好后，决心继续为实现目标而努力。选项D符合语境。

7.单选题

Thebeliefthatthemindplaysanimportantroleinphysicalillnessgoesbacktotheearliestdaysofmedicine.FromthetimeoftheancientGreekstothebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasgenerallyacceptedbybothphysicianandpatientthatthemindcanaffectthecourseofillness,anditseemednaturaltoapplythisconceptinmedicaltreatmentsofdisease.Afterthediscoveryofantibiotics,anewassumptionarosethattreatmentofinfectiousorinflammatorydiseaserequiresonlytheeliminationoftheforeignorganismoragentthattriggerstheillness.Intherushtodiscoverantibioticsanddrugsthatcurespecificinfectionsanddiseases,thefactthatthebody’sownresponsescaninfluencesusceptibilitytodiseaseand-itscoursewaslargelyignoredbymedicalresearchers.

Itisironicthatresearchintoinfectiousandinflammatorydiseasefirstled20th-centurymedicinetorejecttheideathatthemindinfluencesphysicalillness,andnowresearchinthesamefield—includingtheworkofourlaboratoriesandofourcollaboratorsattheNationalInstitutesofHealth一isprovingthecontrary.Newmolecularandpharmacologicaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforustoidentifytheintricatenetworkthatexistsbetweentheimmunesystemandthebrain，anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly.Chemicalsproducedbyimmunecellssignalthebrain,andthebraininturnsendschemicalsignalstorestraintheimmunesystem.Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress.Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetworkinanyway,whetherinheritedorthroughdrugs,toxicsubstancesorsurgery,exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders.

Theclinicalsignificanceofthesefindingsislikelytoproveprofound.Theyholdthepromiseofextendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies,andviceversa.Theyalsohelptosubstantiatethepopularlyheldimpression(stilldiscountedinsomemedicalcircles)thatourstateofmindcaninfluencehowwellweresistorrecoverfrominfectiousorinflammatorydiseases.

Thebrain’sstressresponsesystemisactivatedinthreateningsituations.Theimmunesystemrespondsautomaticallytopathogensandforeignmolecules.Thesetworesponsesystemsarethebody’sprincipalmeansformaintaininganinternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis.Asubstantialproportionofhumancellularmachineryisdedicatedtomaintainingit.

Whenhomeostasisisdisturbedorthreatened,arepertoireofmolecular,cellularandbehavioralresponsescomesintoplay.Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate.Theycanbespecifictotheforeigninvaderoraparticularstress,ortheycanbegeneralizedandnonspecificwhenthethreattohomeostasisexceedsacertainthreshold.Theadaptiveresponsemaythemselvesturnintostressorscapableofproducingdisease.Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease.

1.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtosuggestthat（）

2.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemind-bodyinteractionindisease?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutclinicalsignificanceofthenewfindingscanbebest

supportedbythepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Accordingtothepassage,inordertomaintainaninternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis,（

）.

问题1选项

A.ithasalwaysbeenthebeliefofbothphysicianandpatientthatone’sstateofmindcanaffectphysicaldisease

B.thepopularbeliefthatstressexacerbatesinflammatoryillnesshasalwaysbeendiscreditedbythedoctors

C.thediscoveryofantibioticsshedslightonpeople’sunderstandingofthemind-bodyinteractionindisease

D.thereisanewunderstandingofthecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem

问题2选项

A.Thebrainandimmunesystemssendsignalstoeachother.

B.Theimmuneandcentralnervoussystemsareorganizedinverydifferentwaystoaffectthecourseofillness.

C.Disruptionofthecommunicationofthebrainandimmunesystemcancurecertaindisease.

D