考研考博-英语-内蒙古化工职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古化工职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

MariaChapmanwrotemany（）condemningslaveryatthattime.

问题1选项

A.prescriptions

B.directories

C.booklets

D.prototypes

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项prescriptions“处方；药方”；B选项directories“目录；名录”；C选项booklets“小册子”；D选项prototypes“原型；雏形”。句意：玛丽亚•查普曼写了许多……，谴责当时的奴隶制度。根据动词wrote“写”，可知空格内应填入与文章类有关的单词，因此可以排除A，B，D选项。后面的condemningslaveryatthattime“谴责当时的奴隶制度”做后置定语，可译为写了很多谴责当时的奴隶制度的小册子。因此C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

The（

）ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

问题1选项

A.implementation

B.manifestation

C.demonstration

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。implementation“履行，执行”；manifestation“表现，显示”；demonstration“演示，证明”；expedition“远征，探险”。句意：一种文化现象的表现形式通常是人们生活方式中某些物质方面的必然结果。B项符合句意，答案B

3.单选题

Ⅵ.Internationalenvironmentallawseemstohavereachedanimpasse.Thisishardlysurprising:thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems,evenwhenconsideredapartfromunderlyingsocial,political,andeconomicfactors,isstaggering.Scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly.Theunderlyingcausesofsuchdegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits,withtheresultthatpoliticalauthoritieshavenowishtoprohibitorstrictlyregulatethem;incentivestructuresmayoftenconstituteamorepromisingavenue.Thecomplexityofquestionsabouthumanimpactsontheenvironmentandhowtodecreaseormitigatethemcallsforahighdegreeofspecialization,whileatthesametimerequiringcoordinatedactiononanumberoffronts.Inlightofthesechallenges,internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedatrajectorythatseemsinevitable:fromgeneralruleswhosevaguenessoftenimpededtheirusefulnesstohighlyspecialized,technicalregimesfocusedonnarrowly-definedphenomenaandinteractingwitheachotherinaratherhesitantandclumsyfashion,andmorerecentlytotheaccelerationoftransnational,includingnon-state,regimebuilding.Itbecomesincreasinglydifficulttodiscerntheparticularcontributionthatlawcanmaketoenvironmentalprotectionasittakesontheroleofhandmaidentoscience,economics,politics,ethics,andothersocialsystems.

Inhisdiscussionsofthemanagerialmindsetandthedemoralizationoflaw,Koskenniemifrequentlymakesreferencetoenvironmentallaw,notablytothecarvingoutofimplementationandcomplianceproceduresfromthegenerallawofstateresponsibility,totheincreasedresorttosoftlaw,andtotheheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing.Abriefsketchofthearchitectureofinternationalenvironmentallawrevealsvague,generalprinciplesatoneend;highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandardsarticulatedatthelevelofspecializedregimesattheotherend;andaseriesofpotentiallyusefulbutunderspecified—and,unfortunately,largelyuninfluential—proceduralrulesbetweenthetwo.Furthermore,alargenumberofgeneralprinciplesandregime-specificstandardstaketheformofsoftlaw.Attemptstofleshoutaseriesofgeneralrightsandobligationsforstates(andpotentiallyforotheractors,aswell)havebeenongoing,butthoseeffortsseemtohavefalteredwiththepublicationbytheInternationalLawCommission(ILC)ofthe2001DraftArticlesonPreventionofTransboundaryHarmfromHazardousActivitiesandthe2006DraftPrinciplesontheAllocationofLossinthecaseofTransboundaryHarmarisingoutofHazardousActivities.

1.InternationalenvironmentallawseemstohavereachedanimpasseNOTbecause___.

2.Internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedapathfrom___to___.

3.Koskenniemiusesenvironmentallawtoillustrate___.

4.Betweenthetwoendsofinternationalenvironmentallaware___.

问题1选项

A.thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems

B.theunderlyingcausesofthedegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits

C.scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly

D.politicalauthoritieshavenowishtostrictlyregulateenvironment

问题2选项

A.generalrules,clumsyfashion

B.generalrules,interactingwitheachother

C.generalrules,highlyspecializedregimes

D.generalrules,science,economics,politics,ethics,andothersocialsystems

问题3选项

A.generallawofstateresponsibility

B.thedemoralizationoflaw

C.theincreasedresorttosoftlaw

D.theheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing

问题4选项

A.seriesofproceduralrules

B.generalprinciples

C.highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandards

D.largelyuninfluentialrules

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly.Theunderlyingcausesofsuchdegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits,withtheresultthatpoliticalauthoritieshavenowishtoprohibitorstrictlyregulatethem;incentivestructuresmayoftenconstituteamorepromisingavenue.（对环境退化及其原因的科学认识迅速演变。这种退化的根本原因往往是带来重大社会和经济利益的活动，其结果是政治当局无意禁止或严格管制这些活动；激励结构往往构成一种更有前途的途径）可知D选项“政治当局不希望严格管理环境”是国际环境法似乎陷入了僵局的结果，B选项“退化的根本原因往往是那些带来重大社会和经济利益的活动”和C选项“对环境退化及其原因的科学认识迅速演变”是国际环境法似乎陷入了僵局的原因；第一段Thisishardlysurprising:thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems,evenwhenconsideredapartfromunderlyingsocial,political,andeconomicfactors,isstaggering.（这不足为奇：环境问题的复杂性，即使撇开潜在的社会、政治和经济因素考虑，也是惊人的）可知A选项“环境问题的复杂性”是国际环境法似乎陷入了僵局的原因。因此D选项符合题意。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Inlightofthesechallenges,internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedatrajectorythatseemsinevitable:fromgeneralruleswhosevaguenessoftenimpededtheirusefulnesstohighlyspecialized,technicalregimesfocusedonnarrowly-definedphenomenaandinteractingwitheachotherinaratherhesitantandclumsyfashion,andmorerecentlytotheaccelerationoftransnational,includingnon-state,regimebuilding.（鉴于这些挑战，国际环境法遵循了一条似乎无可避免的轨迹：从模糊性往往妨碍其有用性的一般规则，到高度专门化的技术制度，侧重于界定较窄的现象，并以相当迟疑和呆滞的方式相互作用，以及最近加速跨国，包括非国家，体制建设）可知一般规则是和高度专门化的技术制度相对应，选C选项“一般规则，高度专业化的制度”；A选项“一般规则，呆滞的方式”，B选项“一般规则，相互作用”所提到的内容不是互为对应项，D选项“一般规则、科学、经济、政治、伦理和其他社会制度”内有内容未提及。因此C选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据题干关键词“Koskenniemi”定位到原文第二段开头Inhisdiscussionsofthemanagerialmindsetandthedemoralizationoflaw,Koskenniemifrequentlymakesreferencetoenvironmentallaw,notablytothecarvingoutofimplementationandcomplianceproceduresfromthegenerallawofstateresponsibility,totheincreasedresorttosoftlaw,andtotheheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing.（在他讨论的管理思维和法律的道德败坏，Koskenniemi经常借鉴环境法律，尤其是雕刻的实现和国家责任的一般法律合规程序，采取软法的增加，严重依赖公平的平衡）可知选B选项“法律的道德败坏”；A选项“国家责任的一般法律”，C选项“增加对软法律的求助”以及D选项“严重依赖公平平衡”都是借鉴所举的例子。因此B选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到原文第二段andaseriesofpotentiallyusefulbutunderspecified—and,unfortunately,largelyuninfluential—proceduralrulesbetweenthetwo.（以及在这两端之间一系列可能有用但不明确（不幸的是，基本上没有影响力）的程序规则）可知选A选项“一系列程序规则”，根据原文可知两端之间是一系列程序规则，可能有用但不明确以及不幸的是，基本上没有影响力都是用于修饰程序规则，而D选项“基本上没有影响的规则”错误，该选项只提到了修饰成分，但是核心部分从程序规则变成了规则，和原文的范围不符合；根据原文Abriefsketchofthearchitectureofinternationalenvironmentallawrevealsvague,generalprinciplesatoneend;highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandardsarticulatedatthelevelofspecializedregimesattheotherend（对国际环境法架构的简要概述显示，在一端是模糊的、一般的原则；在另一端的专门制度一级阐明了非常详细和技术性的规则和标准）可知B选项“一般原则”以及C选项“非常详细和技术性的规则和标准”分别是两端的内容，不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery

（

）.

问题1选项

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的，不清楚的”；B选项indefinite“无限的，不确定的”；C选项dubious“可疑的，暧昧的”；D选项intriguing“用诡计取得，激起……的兴趣”。根据空格前面句子的主语“itssubjects它的主题”可知空格部分单词意思可能为“不清晰”，句意为：很少有人理解这位教授的演讲，因为演讲主题非常不清晰。故正确答案选A。

5.单选题

（

）atamusicstorewasoneofLilArmstrong’sfirstprofessionaljobsasayoungpianistwhenshecametoChicagoin1917.

问题1选项

A.Demonstrationtunes

B.Demonstratingtunes

C.Demonstratetunes

D.Tunesthatdemonstrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子结构。句意：LilArmstrong1917年来到芝加哥时，作为年轻的钢琴家的第一份专业工作是在音乐商店里演奏曲调。空格处所填单词与后面部分一起构成名词短语做整个句子的主语。C项demonstrate是动词，不能做主语。A、D两项中tunes是复数,而谓语动词是was,故排除。

6.单选题

Thetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection（

）importantsinglescientificinnovationinthenineteenthcentury.

问题1选项

A.certainlythemost

B.wascertainlythemost

C.willcertainlybethemost

D.wasthemostcertain

【答案】B

【解析】句意:自然选择进化论当然是十九世纪最重要的独特科学创新。

语法题。考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构可知,Thetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection为主语,importantsinglescientificinnovation为表语,句子缺少系动词。排除A项。句子指明“十九世纪”,故应用过去式,排除C。副词certainly修饰形容词most的最高级。故选B。

7.单选题

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling（）allday.

问题1选项

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。wretched“可怜的，卑鄙的”；worried“担心的”；wrecked“失事的；迷幻的”；wicked“邪恶的，恶劣的，不道德的”。句意：我觉得我染上流感了，因为我整天感觉不舒服。选项C符合题意。

8.填空题

Who（1）youhowtopreparespecimensforanalysis?Youdoitsowell!I

（2）thatIcoulddoitasskillfullyasyou.UnfortunatelyIwasn’tgivenverygoodtraining（3）labtechniqueswhenIwasastudent.AlthoughIknowyou*retoo（4）tobemyteacher,Iwouldappreciateitifyou’d（5）outanymistakesImake.I’malways（6）toimprove.

大意:是谁教你如何去准备这个分析样本的？你做得这么好！我希望我能和你一样做得精巧。不幸的是，当我是个学生的时候，我在实验技术方面没有受过很好的培训。尽管，我知道你太忙而不能成为我的老师，但是如果你能指出我犯的错误，我会很感激。我总渴望进步。

【答案】1.taught

2.wish

3.in

4.busy

5.point

6.eager

【解析】1.词汇题。根据后面的howtoprepare推测空格处应表示“告诉,教”,且此处应为一般过去时。

2.词汇题。句意:我希望我能和你一样做得精巧。

3.词汇题。In表示“在…方面”。

4.词汇题。句意:我知道你太忙而不能成为我的老师。

5.固定搭配。Pointout指出(错误等)。

6.固定搭配。Beeagerto渴望。

9.单选题

（）,HarryS.Trumanwasournation’sthirty-thirdPresident.

问题1选项

A.HewasbornandraisedinMissouri

B.BornandraisedinMissouri

C.BecausehewasbornandraisedinMissouri

D.ThathewasbornandraisedinMissouri

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项“HewasbornandraisedinMissouri”，He应该指代前面的内容，不符合句意，可排除；B选项“BornandraisedinMissouri”（在密苏里出生并长大）符合句型结构，B选项正确。C、D选项跟A选项同理，可排除。因此答案为B选项。

10.单选题

Thelanguagebarriermadecommunicationdifficult,butfinally，partofmymes-

sage（）.

问题1选项

A.passedaway

B.wentover

C.cameup

D.gotthrough

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。passedaway去世；wentover重温，仔细检查；cameup发生，接近；gotthrough使理解，向讲清楚。句意：语言障碍使沟通很困难，但我的一部分想法最终还是被（）了。因此D选项符合句意。

11.单选题

PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,allpowerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughtgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericanbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

1.Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans（

）.

2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly

（

）.

3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbeliever（

）.

问题1选项

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce.

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment.

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

问题2选项

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

问题3选项

A.Honestbusinessmen.

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.

C.Peoplewithidealsofequality.

D.Businessinstitutionsandgovernment.

问题4选项

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B.itsfunctionpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleader

问题5选项

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.Inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthantheseinothercountries

D.BusinessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment（在美国社会中，商业机构比任何其他类型的组织都有更高的声誉，包括政府）可知C选项“商业是美国人最关心的问题”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.（竞争本身不仅是好的，它也是美国其他基本价值观如个人自由、机会平等和努力工作的保护手段）可知D选项“通过竞争”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.（理论上，如果一个企业试图利用其客户的不公平优势，它将输给对其客户更公平的竞争性企业。当许多企业为了顾客的钱而竞争时，他们不能像对待下级或奴隶那样对待他们）可知是从从企业与客户两个角度说明商业竞争的，因此选B。

4.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.（人们常常将商业和政府进行对比，一个具有竞争性，另一个具有垄断性）可知A选项“其对权力的绝对控制”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.（竞争成功通常被视为是美国人对基于家庭背景的社会等级的替代方式。因此，商业被视为是机会平等观念的一种表达，而不是继承特权的贵族观念）可知B选项“在许多国家，成功往往取决于一个人的社会地位”符合题意。

12.单选题

Ministersalsohopedthatemployerswouldcutoutovermanningandrootoutinefficiency,evenifthisledtoatemporary（

）inunemployment.

问题1选项

A.excess

B.surge

C.lure

D.spur

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项excess“超过，过量”；B选项surge“汹涌；波涛；激增”；C选项lure“诱惑；饵”；D选项spur“马刺；鞭策；支线”。句意：部长们还希望雇主们能减少人员过剩，根除低效率，即使这会导致失业人数短暂······。句中“cutourovermanningandrootoutinefficiency（减少人员过剩，根除低效率）”会造成失业人口猛增，因此B选项符合句意。

13.翻译题

随着我国经济的发展和城市化水平的提高,未来的能源消费状况及由此带来的环境污染问题日益受到人们的关注。本文简要回顾了1980年以来我国能源消费状况并分析了相应的环境问题，对我国未来能源状况及可能带来的环境影响设置了3种情景进行了预测和分析，得出我国今后因能源消费的SO2，NOx，CO2和烟尘等排放量依然很高，但不同情景的预测结果有较大区别，并提出通过提高能源效率以及加强清洁、可再生能源的开发利用来解决能源消费带来的环境问题。

【答案】WiththedevelopmentofChina'seconomyandtheimprovementofthelevelofurbanization,thefutureenergyconsumptionsituationandtheresultingenvironmentalpollutionproblemsareincreasinglyconcernedbypeople.ThispaperbrieflyreviewstheenergyconsumptionstatusinChinasince1980andanalyzesthecorrespondingenvironmentalproblems,thefutureofourcountryenergysituationandtheenvironmentalimpactofsetupthreekindsofsituationhascarriedontheforecastandanalysis,itisconcludedthatthefutureduetotheenergyconsumptionofSO2,NOxandCO2andsootemissionsisstillhigh,butdifferentscenariospredictedresultshavegreatdifferences,andputforwardbyimprovingenergyefficiency,andstrengthenthedevelopmentandutilizationofcleanandrenewableenergytosolvetheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyenergyconsumption.

14.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位教授几乎找不到足够的根据来支持他的新理论。根据横线到句尾是对sufficientgrounds进行修饰的定语从句，确定用引导词which；根据短语basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，确定用介词on，B选项onwhichtobase正确。A选项whichtobaseon介词和语序错误；C选项tobebasedon和D选项tobaseon介词使用错误。因此B选项正确。

15.翻译题

Ourcountryassumesapracticalandactivepostureinthepursuitofworldpeace.TheUnitedNationshashadnomoreconsistentsupporterthanthiscountryforitscharterandtheworkofitsspecializedagencies.WetakepartinmanyUNactivitiesandhaveservedonmanyofitsbodies,includingtheSecurityCouncil.(1)Amongthespecializedagenciesandsubsidiarybodieswhatwesupportarethoseassistingindevelopment,foodsecurity,children,drugcontrolandhumanrights.Wehaveprovidedfinancialsupport,personnelandequipmentforalmostallmajorUNpeacekeepingactivities,contributedourassessedshareofthecostsofallUNoperationsandmadeadditionalcontributions.OurcountryisfullyinvolvedinUNdisarmament,armscontrolandouterspacework.WeacceptthejurisdictionoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeandareactiveindevelopmentoftheinternationallaw.

OureconomicandpoliticalfutureislinkedcloselywiththoseofitsAsianandotherPacificneighbors.Ourtrade,investmentandtechnologytransfer,intheformofjointventureswithsuchcountries,continuetogrow.(2)Throughregular,reciprocal,high-levelexchangesofvisitsourclosecontactwiththeirgovernmentscontinues,particularlywiththegovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.WetaketheviewthatpeaceandprosperityintheAsia-Pacificregiondependsontheabilityoftheregion’scountriestocooperateandmaintaineconomicgrowthandpoliticalstability.Wearekeentoensurethestabilityandsecurityofthisregionandtodevelopmutuallyprofitabletrade,investment,technologicalexchangesandcooperation.

PassageTwo

(1)Ourillusionsofsafetyandinvulnerabilityweregone,ourdisengagementfromworldaffairsexposedandtallied.Inonesense,wecannotbefaultedforseeinginthecollapseoftheTwinTowers,orinthedemiseofEnron,orinthebloodyconflictsthathavenoendinsight,signsthatthingsarefallingapartallovertheworld.Wecannotdenyallthatiswrongwiththeworld.Buteithercanweconcludethatalliswrongwiththeworld.(2)Everydayweseerolemodelsofexcellence,goodnessandcouragewhobringjoy,beauty,justice,andcomforttotheirfellowhumanbeings.Andiftheworldismovinginthewrongdirection,thenyouhavetheobligationtohelpturnthingsaround.WeadmittedyoutoUniversityPennsylvaniabecausewebelieveeachofyouhasthepotentialtohelphumanitybackoncourse.Yes,welooktoyoutoaddtothebodyofknowledgeinyourfieldsofstudyduringyourtimeoncampus;yes,weexpectyoutoacquiretheskills,knowledge,andtheprowesstoexcelandmakeimportantcontributionsinyourcareersandprofessions;andyes,Ihavenodoubtthateachofyouwillgofaronwhateverprofessionaltrackyouchoosetofollow.(3)Butwedidn’tbringyoutoUniversityPennsylvaniaonlytobecomeaccomplishedartists,brilliantwriters,preeminentscholars,savvypoliticiansorexpertengineers,webroughtyouherebecausewearecountingonyoutopursueBenjaminFranklin’sfoundingmandatetofocusontheoryandpractice,togainknowledgeforitsownsake,andtouseyourknowledgetothriveprofessionallywhileservinghumanity.

Directions:Eachofthefollowingtwopassageshassomeunderlinedparts.TranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】PassageOne

1.【参考译文】在各专门机构和附属机构中，我们支持的是那些协助发展、粮食安全、儿童、药物管制和人权的机构。我们为几乎所有主要的联合国维和行动提供了财政支持、人员和设备，缴纳了联合国所有行动的分摊费用，并提供了额外捐款。我国全面参与联合国裁军、军控和外层空间的工作。我们接受国际法院的管辖权，并积极参与国际法的发展。

3.【参考译文】通过定期的高层互访，我们继续与这些国家的政府，特别是与中华人民共和国的政府保持密切联系。我们认为，亚太地区的和平与繁荣取决于地区国家是否有能力开展合作，保持经济增长和政治稳定。我们渴望确保本地区的稳定与安全，发展互利的贸易、投资、技术交流与合作。

PassageTwo

1.【参考译文】我们对安全和坚不可摧的幻想消失了，我们与世界事务的脱离暴露了出来，并得到了证实。从某种意义上说，我们不能因为看到了世贸双塔的倒塌，安然公司的倒闭，或者看不到尽头的血腥冲突，就认为世界各地都在分崩离析。我们不能否认世界上所有的错误。但我们也不可以得出“这个世界的一切都是错的”这样的结论。

2.【参考译文】每一天，我们都能看到优秀、善良和勇敢的榜样，他们为人类同胞带来欢乐、美丽、正义和安慰。如果世界正朝着错误的方向发展，那么你有义务帮助扭转局面。我们录取你们进入宾夕法尼亚大学是因为我们相信你们每个人都有潜力帮助人类回到正轨。

3.【参考译文】但是，我们把你们带到宾夕法尼亚大学，并不是为了让你们成为有成就的艺术家、才华横溢的作家、卓越的学者、精明的政治家或专业的工程师。我们把你们带到这里，是因为我们指望你们履行本杰明·富兰克林的校训：专注于理论和实践，为了知识本身而获取知识，并利用你们的知识在专业上成功的同时也为人类服务。

16.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

ItisperfectlyclearthataviolentrevolutiononthepartofAmericanblackswouldfindnosympathyandsupportfromthewhitepopulationandverylittlefromthemajorityoftheNegroesthemselves.Thisisnotimeforromanticillusions.Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon’tsolve,answersthatdon’tanswerandexplanationsthatdon’texplain.

【答案】毋庸置疑，美国黑人的暴力革命绝不可能得到白人的同情与支持，也得不到大多数黑人的同情与支持。现在不是浪漫幻想的时候。如果不能认识到这一点，我们将会得出无法解决困难的方法、无法回答疑问的答案与无法阐释问题的解释。

17.单选题

Mr.Morgancanbeverysad（

），thoughinpublicheisextremelycheerful

问题1选项

A.inperson

B.inprivate

C.byhimself

D.asindividual

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管在公共场合非常高兴，但是在私底下Morgan先生可能非常伤心。

考查短语辨析。inperson亲自,本人;inprivate私底下;byhimself靠他自己;asindividual作为个人。因此B符合句意。

18.单选题

Manyofthescientistsandengineersarejudged（）howgreattheirachievementsare.

问题1选项

A.inspiteof

B.inwaysof

C.infavorof

D.intermsof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。inspiteof尽管；infavorof有利于，支持；intermsof依据，按照，在…方面。许多科学家和工程师从他们所取得的成就来被评价，只有D项符合题意。

19.单选题

Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.AsagraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960s,IrememberexperiencingtheeventsrelatedtothePeople’sParkthatworeoccurringoncampus.SomeoftheseeventsweregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifounditinterestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptionsobtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedonnewscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothedistinctionsbetweentheserealities.

Electronicmediaarehavingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreandmoreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephonecommunicationsarelinkingpeopletoglobalvillage,orwhatonewritercallstheelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyourhomeeveryday.Consideralsothecontactyouhavewithotherssimplybyusingtelephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample,thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedon“liveaction”suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionoftotaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedanimmediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributedworldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseevents,theydevelopedsomeperceptionoftheserealities.

In1992,manypeoplewatchedinhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles,seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventswastriggeredbytheverdict（裁定）intheRodneyKingbeating.32.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeople,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeating,couldnotunderstandhowthe—jurywasabletoacquit（宣布无罪）thepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhaveharmfulresults,asisseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFridaynightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleading,“Canweallgetalong?”BySaturday,televisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLosAngelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousandsofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthat,manymorepeopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision.Therealhealing,ofcourse,willtakemuchlonger,butelectronicmediawillcontinuetobeapartofthatprocess.

1.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytobefrom?

2.The1989SanFranciscoearthquakewasmentionedtoshow（）.

3.Theterm"electroniccity"，（para.2）refersto（）.

4.The1992LosAngelesriotsbrokeoutbecause（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.TextbookofMedia

B.Thesis

C.NewspaperorMagazine

D.Speech

问题2选项

A.howdamagingtheearthquakewas

B.howpeoplecarriedoutrescuework

C.theelectronicmediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact

D.theviewers’impressionoftotaldisaster

问题3选项

A.LosAngeles

B.SanFrancisco

C.Berkeley

D.Earth

问题4选项

A.thejuryacquittedthepolicemenwhohadbeatenRodneyKing

B.peoplecanmaketheirownjudgments

C.videocoveragefromhelicoptershadmadepeopleangry

D.videocoveragehadprovidedpowerfulfeedback

问题5选项

A.mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccurcanhaveeithergoodorbadresults.

B.mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideooftheRodneyKingbeatingagreewiththeverdictofjury.

C.the1992LosAngelesriotslastedawholeweek.

D.RodneyKingseemedveryangrywhenheappearedontelevisiononFriday.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。本文通俗易懂，列举了大量实例让公众能更好地理解，具有很强的煽动性，说明了媒体报道既有好的一面也可能带来坏的影响，全面公正，符合演讲的风格。A项“媒体的教科书”和B项“理论”涉及到大量的理论支撑，本文并没有太多理论，相反举了大量例子。故AB项排除。C项“报纸或杂志”需要很强的画面感，语言应该言简意赅，与本文语言风格不符。故D项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段“Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample,thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedon“liveaction”suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionoftotaldisaster.这些媒体可以扩展你的意识和你的接触层面。例如，1989年旧金山地震的视频报道聚焦于“现场行动”，比如火灾或救援行动。这给观众一种灾难的印象。可知1989年旧金山地震的视频报道是对thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact的举例论证，故可推知该例子是为了