考研考博-英语-北京交通职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京交通职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Asoneoftheoldestcivilizationsoftheworld,Chinahasalonghistoryandbrilliantculture.AfterenteringtheeraofcivilizationintheXiaDynasty,Chinacreatedgloriousscienceandculture.Thecompass,gunpowder,paper-makingandprintingareconsideredtobethefourgreatinventionsofancientChina,whichhavecontributedimmenselytothecivilizationoftheworldandtheprogressofmankind.TheSilkRoadofChina,theoldesttraderouteintheworld,largelypromotedtheculturalexchangebetweentheEastandtheWest.

【答案】中国是世界上最古老的文明之一，有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。中国在夏朝时开始进入文明时代之后，创造了辉煌的科技和文化。指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术是中国古代的四大发明，对世界文明和人类的进步做出了极大的贡献。中国的丝绸之路—世界上最古老的贸易通道—极大地促进了东西方文化的交流。

2.单选题

Masonregrettedhavingspentsomuchtimeplayingwhenhe________forthefinal.

问题1选项

A.shouldhavestudied

B.hadstudied

C.wastostudy

D.muststudy

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词用法。句子意思：梅森后悔在（）期末作业的时候花了这么多时间玩耍。A选项，情态动词+完成时表示的是“本……而没有做”，比如wouldhavedone表示“将要做……而没有做成”，shouldhavedone“本应该做但是没有做”，根据题干的语境来说正确答案选A；B是过去完成时，强调事情在过去已完成，如果在玩之前梅森已经复习了就不会后悔了，所以B不选；C选项是将来时的过去式，表示在过去的时间打算要做某事，带入句子中，梅森在打算复习期末考试的时候后悔花了很多时间玩耍，逻辑不通；D选项梅森在必须复习期末考试的时候后悔花了很多时间玩耍，虽然句意是对的，但是我们主句的时态是过去时但是D选项是现在时，所以D选项错误。

3.填空题

Itispreciselythiskindofconversationwhichisofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bwhich改为that

【解析】【考查点】强调句。

【解题思路】Itis…that…为强调句，此题强调这种对话的重要性，引导词用that。

【句意】当我们想方设法提高阅读能力，以匹配更高的学习水平和随之而来的新要求时，这种对话尤为重要。

4.单选题

“TheLastSupper”iswidelyregardedasLeonardodaVinci’s（）.

问题1选项

A.mouthpiece

B.mastermind

C.masterpiece

D.mastery

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。mouthpiece“代言人”；mastermind“优秀策划者，幕后操纵者”；masterpiece“杰作”；mastery“精通，掌握”。根据句意：《最后的晚餐》被广泛认为是达•芬奇的杰作。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Indeed,withcomputersasbasicasaMacintosh,producerscanwritescripts,budgetproductionsand（

）schedulesandlocationsallonthesamemachine.

问题1选项

A.keepupwith

B.keeptrackof

C.keepabreastwith

D.keepawayfrom

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。Keepupwith赶得上；和······保持联系；keeptrackof记录；与······保持联系；keepabreastwith保持与······并列；不落后于；跟上；keepawayfrom远离；回避。句意：确实，随着计算机如同麦金塔电脑（苹果公司的一种个人电脑）一样简单，生产者可以在同一台计算机上编写脚本、安排生产、记录进度表和生产地点。由writescripts,budgetproductions与schedulesandlocations可知B符合。

6.单选题

Theorganizationissuedacryofalarmlastweek,citing"()evidence"thatthosechildrenarenotreceivingthesamequalityofeducationastheirricherpeers.

问题1选项

A.comparing

B.completing

C.compelling

D.composing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。comparing“比较的”；completing“完成”；compelling“引人注目的；令人信服的”；composing“起镇静作用的”。句意：该组织上周发出警告，称有“有力的证据”表明，这些孩子接受的教育质量不如他们富裕的同龄人。因此C选项符合题意。

7.翻译题

Contemporarypublicexpendituremanagement(PEM)isinterestedintheprocessofbudgetingprimarilybecauseproceduralrulesstronglyinfluenceexpenditureoutcomes.PEMtakesthepositionthattheserulesaffectthreeimportantoutcomes:thetotalamountspent,thecompositionofexpenditure,andtheefficiencyofgovernmentoperations.PEMseeksproceduresthatincreasetheprobabilityofachievingpreferredoutcomes.Thekeyaspectsofbudgetingaffectingexpenditureoutcomesareinstitutionalarrangements,thetypesofinformationavailableformakingandenforcingexpendituredecisions,theincentivesprovidedforspendersandcontrollerstobehaveinwaysthatpromotedesiredoutcomes,theissuanceandimplementationofsubstantivebudgerules.TheseelementsofPEMareappliedtothethreebasicobjectivesofmodempublicexpendituremanagement:tostrengthenaggregatefiscaldiscipline,toallocatepublicresourcesinaccordwithstrategicpriorities,andtopromotetheefficientprovisionofservices.

Fiscaldisciplinerequireseffectivecontrolofbudgetaggregates:totalrevenueandspendingandthebalancebetweenthesetotals.Whenaggregatecontroliseffective,theseoutcomesaredisciplined;theyresultfromexplicit,enforceddecisionsontheaggregatesbygovernment.Theyarenotmerelythesumofpowerfuldemandsonthebudget.PEMalsoseeksallocativeefficiency.Allocativeefficiencydependsonthecapacitytoshiftresourcesfromoldprogramstonewonesandfromlesstomoreproductiveuses,incorrespondencewithchangingpublicpolicyobjectives.Finally,PEMseeksefficiencyinadministrativeoperations,theprogressivereduction,throughproductivitygains,intherunningcostofgovernmentagenciesandintheunitcostofservices.

【答案】由于程序规则会对支出结果产生重大影响，当代公共支出管理(PEM)研究重点就是编制预算。公共支出管理(PEM)认为这些规则会影响三个重要结果：支出总金额，支出构成和政府运作效率。公共支出管理(PEM)寻求方法，以提升达到预期结果的概率。在编制预算中，影响支出结果的关键因素包括：制度安排、制定与实施支出决策的信息种类、保证支出者与管理者努力实现预期目标的激励手段、公布与实行大量的预算规则。这些规则旨在实现三个基本目标：加强总的财政纪律、依据战略重点分配公共资源、促进提供有效服务。

财政纪律要求有效控制预算总量，总收入与总支出以及这两者总数之间的平衡。当总量控制是有效的，就说明支出受到财政纪律的控制。政府给予明确且需执行的总量。这一总量并不仅仅是对预算有个明确的总量限制，公共支出管理(PEM)也还要寻求配置效率。配置效率的高低取决于资源从旧项目转移到新项目、从低产向高产转移的能力大小，同时还要与不断变化中的国家公共政策目标保持一致。最后，公共支出管理(PEM)要寻求行政管理的效率：通过提高生产率，逐步减小政府机构的运作成本、服务的单位成本。

8.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes,itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.Shemovedwiththesameeaseandloveliness.IoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon'tknowthewordfor"ribbons",soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid"Beautiful."Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn'tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon'tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsonthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementoverthe

price;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace,Ilefttearsinmythroat.Iwantedtocry.Ididn't,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.Iremovethepaper,andraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecandlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.Accordingtothewriter,thewomaninthemarketplace

（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowinginNOTcorrect?

3.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausewoman（

）.

4.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

5.Whenthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdid

notbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.refusedtospeaktoher.

B.waspleasantandattractive.

C.wassellingskirtsandribbons.

D.recognizedherimmediately.

问题2选项

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

问题3选项

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable.

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney.

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining.

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore.

问题4选项

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

问题5选项

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling.

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic.

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely.

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第二段作者的描写可知，她是令人愉快且吸引人的。所以选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后三句话“...Ibegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.”可知选项B、C、D均正确。只有选项A错误。

3.细节事实题。根据第五段“Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.”售货员很到高兴是因为作者知道如何用他们国家的方式进行讨价还价,所以选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第五段“Thepricewastoolow...payherthreetimesasmuchbefore...”可知，作者觉得价格太低，怕售货员挣不到钱，所以多买了几件作为一种补偿。选项C符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段“Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.”我学会了在困难面前保护自己；不知不觉中，我也学会了保护自己不被温柔以及容易的东西伤害。可知，作者没有哭是因为她已经学会控制自己的情绪不会轻易受到影响，选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Thericeandcottonfieldsarebesetwithswarmsofpestslikericehopperandpinkbollworm.

问题1选项

A.invested

B.infested

C.infected

D.injected

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。Beset表示“困扰，围绕”；A项invest“投资，覆盖”，B项infest“大批滋生”，C项infect“感染”，D项inject“注入，注射”。句意：稻田和棉田被成群的害虫所包围，如稻虱和粉虱。因此B项正确。

10.单选题

Inhiswill,themillionaire（）nearlyallhisfortunestothehousemaidwhotookcareofhiminhislastdays.

问题1选项

A.inherited

B.bequeathed

C.owed

D.remitted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。inherit“继承（遗产）等”；bequeath“将（财物等）遗赠给”；owe“感恩；亏欠”；remit“宽恕；汇款”。句意：在他的遗嘱中，这个百万富翁将他几乎全部的财产留给了在他最后日子里照顾他的女佣。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery____.

问题1选项

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.obscure费解的；难以理解的B.indefinite无限期的；期限不定的

C.dubious可疑的；不可信的D.intriguing非常有趣的；引人入胜的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：很少有人能听懂教授的讲座，因为它的主题非常……。根据句意，由很少有人能够听懂可知是因为教授的主题让人难以理解。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】很少有人能听懂这位教授的讲座，因为它的主题非常难懂。

12.单选题

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

问题1选项

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onoccasion“间或，有时”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有时，这给银行造成麻烦。)；B选项onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地来这里看你。)；C选项oncondition“在……条件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D选项onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首时，后面主句的主谓语要倒装，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进这屋。)。四个选项中只有C选项oncondition后面跟that从句，表示“在……条件下”。句意：他向我借钱，我同意了，但条件是下周还钱。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

13.单选题

Hardworkandmalnutrition（

）hishealthandhelookedthinandpale.

问题1选项

A.impaired

B.promoted

C.accelerated

D.smashed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。impair“损害”；promote“促进”；accelerate“加速”；smash“击碎，撞击”。句意：繁重的工作以及营养不良损害了他的健康，他看起来瘦弱，脸色苍白。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex（

）periodandtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.

问题1选项

A.transition

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。transition"过渡”；transaction“交易；事务”；transmission“传动装置，传送；transformation“转换；改革；变形”。句意：退休很明显是一个复杂的过渡期，你越早计划，越好。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.Inacomputerwithaspeedofonegigahertz（千兆赫），forexample,thecrystal"licks”abilliontimesasecond.Everyactionofthecomputertakesplaceintinysteps,eachabillionthofasecondlong.Asimpletransferofdatamaytakeonlyonestep;complexcalculationsmaytakemanysteps.Alloperations,however,mustbeginandendaccordingtotheclock’stimingsignals.

Becausemostmodemcomputersuseasinglerhythm,wecallthemsynchronous.Insidethecomputer’smicroprocessorchip,aclockdistributionsystemdeliversthetimingsignalsfromthecrystaloscillatortothevariouscircuits,justassoundinairdeliversthebeatofadrumtosoldierstosettheirmarchingpace.Becauseallpartsofthechipsharethesamerhythm,theoutputofanycircuitfromonestepcanserveastheinputtoanyothercircuitforthenextstep.Thesynchronizationprovidedbytheclockhelpschipdesignersplansequencesofactionsforthecomputer.

Theuseofacentralclockalsocreatesproblems.Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.Present-daytransistorscanprocessdatasoquicklythattheycanaccomplishseveralstepsinthetimethatittakesawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefultotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.Wouldn’titbenicetohaveanalternative?

OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,weareinvestigatingwaystodesigncomputingsystemsinwhicheachpartcanproceedatitsownpaceinsteadofdependingontherhythmofacentralclock.Wecallsuchsystemsasynchronous.Eachpartofanasynchronoussystemmayextendorshortenthetimingofitsstepswhenwalkingacrossroughterrain.

1.Whatdeterminestherhythmofthepersonalcomputer?

2.Whydoestheauthormentionsoundinairinthesecondparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadisadvantageoftheuseofacentralclock?

4.Theword“alternative”means（

）.

5.Wecaninferfromthearticlethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Analarmingclock.

B.Acrystaloscillator.

C.Complexcalculations.

D.Theclock’stimingsignals.

问题2选项

A.Toillustratethetimingsignalsaredeliveredinasimilarwaysoundtravelsinair.

B.Toshowusthattimingsignals’speedcanbeasfastasthatofsound.

C.Becausethewaveoftimingsignalsissimilartothesoundwave.

D.Becausesoundisdeliveredbytimingsignals.

问题3选项

A.Distributingthetimingsignalsismoredifficultwhenspeedsarehigher.

B.Ithastotakeawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.

C.Carefuldesignisnecessarytokeeptherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechip.

D.Agreatdealofelectricalpowerisrequiredtoawholechipsynchronous.

问题4选项

A.method

B.substitute

C.answer

D.machine

问题5选项

A.thestructureofanasynchronoussystemisdifferentfromthatofasynchronoussystem.

B.thecentralclocksetstherhythmofpartsofanasynchronoussystem

C.eachpartofanasynchronoussystemcanchangetherhythmofthecentralclock.

D.searchingforbetterreplacementforthesynchronoussystemisaninternationalproblem.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.你的电脑有多快？当人们问这个问题时，他们通常指的是计算机内部一个微小时钟的频率，它是一个晶体振荡器，设定了整个机器使用的基本节奏。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据原文句意“在计算机的微处理器芯片中，一个时钟分配系统将晶体振荡器发出的定时信号传送到各个电路中，就像鼓声通过空气传播给士兵，以此来确定他们行进的步伐一样。”由此可推断，这里提到鼓声在空气中传播是为了说明定时信号的传递和声音在空气中传播的方式是类似的，所以选项A正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第三段第二句“Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.随着速度的提高，定时信号的分配变得越来越困难。”选项A符合原文；根据第三段倒数第二句“Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.要使一个大芯片的所有部件都保持相同的节奏，需要精心的设计和大量的电力。”选项C和D符合原文。选项B是由于速度过快导致的结果而不是缺点，所以不正确，本题选B。

4.词义题。结合原文内容可知，“alternative”意为“替代品”，选项B与之意思相近。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第一句“OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,我们在太阳微系统实验室的研究组正在寻找这样的替代品。和世界上其他几个组织一起...”由此可推断，寻找更好的同步系统替代品是一个国际性问题，选项D正确。选项A，B，C均是事实，不是推导出来的，所以不符合题意。

16.单选题

Theguides（

）thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.

问题1选项

A.accumulated

B.collected

C.assembled

D.resembled

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。accumulate“积累;累积”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集；集合”；resemble“类似，像”。根据后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在门口集合，因此选项C符合题意。句意：这些导游让游客在酒店门口集合。

17.单选题

What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It'schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfood,expertsays.

FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspiritMotherspassedtheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece.ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.

Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearthChickensgotanotherboostintheBookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.

ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken'srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.

HerbookTheWholeWorldLovesChickenSouplooksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.Throughouttheages,shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweakwomenandtheill.”

Inaddition,“soups,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon,”areconsidered"comfortfoods"Sheratonsaid,“IlovesoupandIlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder,”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.

Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.

TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51%ofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50%saiditwasversatile,41%saiditwaseconomicaland46%saiditwaslowinfat.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensouphasbeen（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis（

）.

问题1选项

A.ProminentAmericanFoods

B.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all

C.ChickenSoupRecipes

D.HistoryoftheChickenSoup

问题2选项

A.widelyacknowledged

B.over-estimated

C.appreciatedonlybyphilosophers

D.knownonlytomothers

问题3选项

A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.

B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.

C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.

D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.

问题4选项

A.apopularfood

B.amaindish

C.cheaperthananyotherfood

D.alloftheabove

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由第二段“FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspassedtheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.从俄罗斯的村庄到非洲和亚洲，鸡汤一直是那些身体和精神虚弱的人的良药。母亲们把她们的知识传给了古希腊，中国和罗马的作家，甚至12世纪的哲学家和医生摩西•迈蒙尼德都赞美它的优点。”全文都在赞颂鸡汤的治愈力。答案B。其他选项不能体现文章主旨。

第2题:推理判断题。由第一段以及第二段“FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit…MosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.从俄罗斯的村庄到非洲和亚洲，鸡汤一直是那些身体和精神虚弱的人的良药。母亲们把她们的知识传给了古希腊，中国和罗马的作家，甚至12世纪的哲学家和医生摩西•迈蒙尼德都赞美它的优点。”可知鸡汤的价值流传已久，广为人知。故A项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。从文章第三段“Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.亚里士多德认为家禽应该比四条腿的动物站得更高，因为空气的密度比地球小。”这只是亚里士多德的猜想，并非事实，故C项内容错误。答案C

第4题:细节事实题。从最后一段可知，调查表明虽然人们购买鸡肉的原因不同，但却侧面说明鸡肉是一种受欢迎的食物。C和D不符合常识，B项文中未提及。答案A

18.单选题

Plantsraisedingreenhousesaretendedmethodicallyinanattempttocreatethebestpossibleconditionsfortheirgrowth.

问题1选项

A.systematically

B.naturally

C.personally

D.lovingly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。methodically表示“有方法地，有系统地”；A项systematically“系统地”，B项naturally“自然地”，C项personally“个人地”，D项lovingly“亲切地，钟爱地”。句意：在温室里培育的植物受到系统地照料，尽可能为它们的生长创造最好的可能条件。根据句意该题选A。

19.单选题

TheAlzheimer’sAssociationandtheNationalAllianceforCaregivingestimatethatmenmakeupnearly40percentoffamilycareprovidersnow,upfrom19percentina1996studybytheAlzheimer’sAssociation.About17millionmenarecaringforanadult.Womenstillprovidethebulkoffamilycare,especiallyintimatetaskslikebathinganddressing.Manycomplainthattheirbrothersaretreatedlikeheroesjustforshowingup.Butwithsmallerfamiliesandmorewomenworkingfull-time,manymenhavenochoicebuttotakeonrolesthatwouldhavebeenalientotheirfathers.

Oftentheyareovershadowedbytheirfemalecounterpartsandfacedwithemployers,friends,supportorganizationsandsometimesevenparentswhoviewcaregivingasanessentiallyfemalerole.Malecaregiversaremorelikelytosaytheyfeelunpreparedfortheroleandbecomesociallyisolated,andlesslikelytoaskforhelp.Isolationaffectswomenaswell,butmentendtohavefewerlifeline.“Theyarelesslikelytohavefriendsgoingthroughsimilarexperiences,anddependmoreontheirjobsfordailyhumancontact.”Dr.DonnaWagner,thedirectorofgerontologyatTowsonUniversityandoneofthefewresearcherswhohasstudiedsonsascaregivers,said.

Inpastgenerations,menmighthavepointedtotheiraccomplishmentsasbreadwinnersorfathers.Now,somemensaytheyworryabouttheconflictbetweencaringfortheirparentsandtheseotherroles.Ina2003studyatthreeFortune500companies,Dr.DonnaWagnerfoundthatmenwerelesslikelytouseemployee-assistanceprogramsforcaregiversbecausetheyfeareditwouldbeheldagainstthem.“Eventhoughthecompanyhasendorsedtheprogram,yoursupervisorsmayhaveadifferentopinion,”Dr.Wagnersaid.MattKassin,51,workedforalargecompanywithverygenerousbenefits,andhisemployerhadbeenunderstanding.Buthewasreluctanttotalkabouthiscaregiversbecausehethought“itwouldbelookedatlike,whentheyhireamale,theyexpecthimtobe100percentfocused.”Andhedidn’twanttoappeartobesomeonewhohaddistractionsthatdetractedfromperformance.

Formanymen,thenewrolemeansgivinguptheirself-imageasexperts,saidLouisColbert,directoroftheofficeofservicesfortheaginginDelawareCounty,Pa.,whohassharedcareofhis84-year-oldmotherwithhissiblingssinceherAlzheimer’smadeitnecessary.Onceayear,Mr.Colbertorganizesaget-togetherformalecaregivers.Theconcernstheyraise,hesaid,aredifferentfromthoseofwomeninsupportgroups.“Veryclearly,theysaidtheywantedtheirroleascaregiversvalidated,becauseinoursociety,asawhole,menascaregivershavebeeninvisible,”hesaid.

1.WhatcanweknowaboutmenaccordingtotheAlzheimer’sAssociationandtheNationalAllianceforCaregiving?

2.WhydomentendtofeelmorestressedandsociallyisolatedaccordingtoDonnaWagner?

3.DonnaWagnersolutiontotheconflictbetweencaringforparentsandothersocialrolesisto______.

4.WhywasMattKassinunwillingtotalkabouthiscaregivingwithhisemployer?

5.WhatmightbetheconcernsofmalecaregiversaccordingtoLouisColbert?

问题1选项

A.Moremenplaytheleadingroleincaringforelderlyparents.

B.Mencountontheirwivestotakecareoftheirparents.

C.Menundertakeallfamilycareincludingwashingandcooking.

D.Mentendtobeviewedasheroesfortheirparents.

问题2选项

A.Becausetheyfeeloverwhelmedbythepressurefromparents.

B.Becausetheyfacethecompetitionfromtheirfemalecounterparts.

C.Becausetheyfindfewpeopletotalkandsharetheirexperienceswith.

D.Becausetheyarepsychologicallyunpreparedfortherole.

问题3选项

A.takeadvantageofemployee-assistanceprograms

B.makeadjustmentbothphysicallyandemotionally

C.scheduletimeforparents,childrenandjob

D.involveintheoutsideworldasmuchaspossible

问题4选项

A.Becausethecompanydidnotprovidesuchsupportprograms.

B.Becausehewasthreatenedtobeattheriskoflosinghisjob.

C.Becausehefeltembarrassedtosendparentstonursinghomes.

D.Becausehefeareditwouldleadtoadistractedimageinthemindofhisboss.

问题5选项

A.Theyarelackofprofessionalknowledgeandskills.

B.Theyfeelitinappropriateforthemtodothejob.

C.Theirroleofcaregiversisnotacknowledged.

D.Theyfeelwhattheydoisnotenough.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第一句TheAlzheimer’sAssociationandtheNationalAllianceforCaregivingestimatethatmenmakeupnearly40percentoffamilycareprovidersnow（阿尔茨海默氏症协会和全国护理联盟估计，目前男性占家庭护理提供者的近40%）。A选项“越来越多的男性在照顾年迈的父母方面起着主导作用”，文章第一段提到，大约有1700万男性在照顾一个成年人，符合A选项内容，A选项正确。B选项“男人依靠妻子照顾父母”，文章所说，女性仍然承担着大部分的家庭照顾工作，不符合题意，可排除。C选项“男人负责所有家庭事务，包括洗衣服和做饭”不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“男人往往被他们的父母视为英雄”，文章所说许多人抱怨他们的兄弟仅仅因为出现了就被当作英雄对待，男人没有被父母视为英雄，因此可排除D选项。因此正确答案为A选项。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第四句Theyarelessl