考研考博-英语-南京科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theyare（

）investorswhoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarketsbeforemakinganinvestment.

问题1选项

A.implicit

B.conscious

C.cautious

D.indecisive

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项implicit“暗示的，含蓄的”；B选项conscious“有意识的，清醒的，故意的”；C选项cautious“谨慎的”；D选项indecisive“犹豫不决的”。空格部分是需要一个修饰investors的形容词。后面由who引导定语从句修饰investor，根据句意“whoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarkets…总要对当地和国际市场进行彻底调查”，判断可知空格部分单词意思应该为“谨慎的”，句意为：他们是谨慎的投资者，在做出每笔投资前，总要对当地和国际市场进行彻底调查。故正确答案选C。

2.单选题

Itmakesme（

）whenpeopledon’tlisten,andthenasksillyquestions.

问题1选项

A.furious

B.generous

C.mysterious

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项furious“生气的，狂怒的”；B选项generous“慷慨的”；C选项mysterious“神秘的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的”。

句意：别人不听，然后问些愚蠢的问题，这让我很生气。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Afterafewmonthsofworkingwithhishands,Dr.Brownreturnedtohiscollege,______thathistimehadbeenwellspent.

问题1选项

A.persuaded

B.convinced

C.noticed

D.promised

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persuade“劝说，说服，使信服”，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事；B选项convince“使确信，使相信”，指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服；C选项notice“注意，察觉”；D选项promise“允诺，许诺”。根据Afterafewmonthsofworkingwithhishands和histimehadbeenwellspent可知B选项符合语义。句意：经过几个月的动手操作后，确信自己的时间花得值得的布朗博士回到了大学。

4.写作题

Writeanessayofatleast250wordsonthetopicMyViewonHighHousingPrice.Youarerequiredtobaseyourwritingonthefollowingoutline.

(1)问题与现状

(2)危害

(3)原因

(4)解决办法

【答案】MyViewonHighHousingPrice5.单选题

Kenlovestoarguejustforthesakeofarguing.Withsucha______personality,he’ssuretobeatriallawyer.

问题1选项

A.disputatious

B.captious

C.belligerent

D.malicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项disputatious“爱争辩的”，B项captious“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”，C项belligerent“交战的，好战的”，D项malicious“恶意的，恶毒的”。根据前半句的意思“Ken喜欢为了争论而争论”可知，A项符合。句意：Ken喜欢为了争论而争论；有这样一个好争辩的性格，他一定会成为一名辩护律师。因此，该题选择A项。

6.单选题

Accordingtoaseniorofficialtherehasbeennoaboutthemeasures.Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.

问题1选项

A.contrary

B.contradicting

C.controversy

D.contradictor

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项contraryn.相反，反面；B选项contradictionn.矛盾，反驳；C选项controversyn.争论，论战；D选项contradictoryn.对立物，矛盾因素。根据后文“Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.”可知，所有参议员的意见都是一致的，没有争论。因此正确答案为C选项。

7.翻译题

Confuciussaid,“Sincetheageof15,Ihavedevotedmyselftolearning;since30,Ihavebeenwellestablished;since40,Ihaveunderstoodmanythingsandhavenolongerbeenconfused;since50,Ihaveknownmyheaven-sentduty;since60,Ihavebeenabletodistinguishrightandwronginotherpeople’swords;andsince70,IhavebeenabletodowhatIintendfreelywithoutbreakingtherules.”

TheaveragelifeexpectancyattheSpringandAutumnPeriodsandWarringStatesPeriodswas,accordingtosomeresearch,about19years.Confuciuslived72to73years,araregodoflongevityindeed.Itwasevenhardforthosewithpowerandleisuretoreachsuchanage.Therefore,Confuciuscouldbeverywelllearned,farfromwhatanordinarypersoncouldexpectathistimes.

Thestatisticsin2001showsthattheworldlifeexpectancyis62.27withtheJapanesetakingtheleadtobe79.66whileChinagainingapositionsurpassingalldevelopingcountriesbyits69.98.However,theChinesehavenotyetreachedtheagetodowhattheyintendfreelywithoutbreakingtherules.Thus,rulesarehardnottobebroken.

CalculatedinthetermsConfuciussetforusinlearning,thoseofuswhohavebeenlearningEnglishfortenyearsstillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingthetimetobeestablished.Tohavenoconfusion,onehastospend25years.TotrulyunderstandthepurposeofEnglishlearning,onehastodoitfor35years.Ittakes45yearsifonewantstodistinguishrightandwronginotherpeople’swords,and55yearstomanipulateEnglishlanguagefreelywithoutbreakingtherules.

【答案】【参考译文】子曰“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”

根据一些研究，在春秋战国时人的平均寿命大约为19岁。孔子活到了72到73岁，是少有的寿星。在那时，即使是那些有权且生活闲暇的人也很难达到孔子的高寿。所以，孔子的修行是很高的，在当时，非一般人所能企及。

2001年的统计数据显示，世界人口平均寿命为62.27岁，其中日本人的平均寿命最高，达到79.66岁，而中国人以平均寿命69.98岁而超过所有发展中国家人口的平均寿命。然而，中国人还没有活到随心所欲而不越出规矩的年龄。因此，不逾矩很难。

若以孔子志学的时间推算，我们学习英语10年，还远远不够，因为还没有到而立之年。要想没有疑问，得学25年；要想真正懂得学习英语的目的，得学35年；要想辨别他人英语的好坏，得学45年；要想随心所欲且不逾矩地运用英语，得学55年。

8.单选题

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3,000,000worthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshop-lifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.

Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinship-liftingoffences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,law-abidingcitizens（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Thereisa"shrinkage"inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

问题2选项

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforgoods

问题3选项

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

问题4选项

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessionals.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon'tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

问题5选项

A.theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestores

B.somepeoplesimplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops

C.thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据关键词"thehonestpublic"定位到第一段的最后一句"Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices."由于商家所谓的"由偷窃造成的损失",诚实的公众因此而付出了更高的代价。结合上文可知"shrinkage"指店内行窃案件,所以选项D更准确。

2.细节判断题。根据第二段的首句"Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves."商店行窃者可分为三大类:专业扒手、蓄意的业余扒手和控制不了盗窃冲动的扒手。所以第三类人就是无法抵挡诱惑的人,选项C符合原文。

3.细节推断题。根据关键词"law-abiding"定位到第四段。根据本段内容可知：那些禁受不住诱惑的人,往往在其他方面是遵纪守法的好公民,他们很少是家境贫困的。他们偷东西不是因为付不起钱,而是心不在焉拿走东西忘记付钱了。所以选项A表述错误,他们并不贫穷;选项C也表述错误;选项D在文中没有提及;所以只有选项B符合原文句意。

4.细节推断题。根据笫二段的最后一句"they（theprofessional）accountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting"可知选项A错误,而选项D正确;根据第三段"Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts."可知选项B正确;根据四段的第二句"Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor."这类盗贼并不贫穷,那么言下之意就是人们认为盗贼应该是贫穷的。所以选项C也正确。只有选项A表述错误。

5.细节推断题。根据原文上一句"itisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority."这是由于一小部分人的做法给大多数无辜的人带来了惩罚和不便的又一个例子。也就是第一段所说的：公众因此而付出了更高的代价。所以选项C正确。

9.翻译题

Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat.drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.

【答案】听戏剧无疑是昂贵的消费。但除非我们放弃社会赋予的选择权，否则昂贵的东西也并非富人专属。我们可以选择让那些无支付能力的人享有戏剧及其他形式的昂贵文化。但问题是，我们为什么要那样做？谁都不会否认，食物、居住、安全、健康和教育是必不可少的。但即使是在史前的洞穴里，人类伸出手来也并不只是为了吃、喝或打斗，也可能是为了涂涂画画。文化冲动，即通过想象和表征来表达、探索世界的欲望，是人类的基本特点。在欧洲，这种渴望已经在音乐、绘画、文学和戏剧的杰作中得以实现。这些杰作是衡量我们一切努力的标准，也是人类思想和想象力可能达到的高度。它们包含着人与人之间能够传递的最深刻的信息。

10.单选题

Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes;otherwiseyou（

）cold.

问题1选项

A.wouldn’thavecaught

B.wouldn’tcatch

C.can’tcatch

D.can’thavecaught

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。otherwise表示“否则，要不然”时，其后的句子是否用虚拟语气。由Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes可知此处是对过去的虚拟，故空格处用过去完成时，因此选A。句意：你没有多穿衣服，否则就不会感冒了。

11.单选题

Tryingto（）thebestcourseofactioninthefaceofthedecliningmarket,heconsultedCharlesBillwhohadworkedforaleadingfirminChicagoasmarketingconsultantformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.reasonout

B.markout

C.spellout

D.sendout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。reasonout“推理出，推论出”；markout“规划；制定”；spellout“讲清楚”；sendout“发送，派遣”。根据后面heconsultedCharlesBill“他咨询了查尔斯•比尔”可知他是“为了制定最好的行动方案来面对衰退的市场”，因此选项B符合题意。

12.不定项选择题

There’sagreatstoryaboutanoldFinnishwomanwho,withoutquiterealizingit,wasusinghercell-phonetoaccesstheInternetandtrackhercity’spublictransitsystem.WhenaskedwhysheusedthewirelessInternetsofrequently,shereplied,“Whatareyoutalkingabout?Idon’tknowanythingaboutthiswirelessInternetstuff,Ijustknowthebusishere.”

Regardlessofwhetheryouwanttoadmitit,alotofusarelikethatoldFinnishwoman.Whenitcomestonewmobileapplications,manyofusdonotrealizethecapabilityandpowerthatwehold,literally,inourhands.

Whatwe’relookingattodayisthemobileInternetinitsinfancy.NowthatusingtheInternetfromhomeorworkhassaturatedmuchofsociety,thenextlogicalstepistobeabletousetheNetwhenyou’reawayfromyourdesktoporlaptop.Speechrecognitionisonewaytodothis,andthereareanumberofservices,collectivelycalledthe‘voiceWeb’,thatwillmakethispossible.Allyoudoisuseaphoneorwirelessdevicetocallaphonenumber,andspeakcommandstoanintuitivesystem.Itwillthengiveyoutheinformationyou’reseeking,usingeitherasynthesizedvoiceoranaudiofile.

IntheUnitedStatesandEurope,thehottechnologyforwirelessdevicesiscalledWAP(WirelessApplicationProtocol),whichisbeingconsideredastheworldstandard.WAPissupportedbymajorphonecompaniesincludingNokia,MotorolaandEricsson,andissimplyameansoftransmittinginformation,muchlikeHTMLisameansofcommunicatingontheInternet.

Currently,wirelessInternetconnectionsmaygiveyounews,sportsscores,stockquotes,andtheweatherifyou’relucky.Butifyou’veeverusedthistechnology,youknowit’sslow,costlyanddoesn’tseemworththetimeandeffort,ifitworksatall.“ThemobileInternetwasneverdesignedtotakeoversurfingtheWebfromacomputer,”explainsCherieGary,spokes-womanatNokia.

Allofthistechnologypointstoeasierliving.Perhapsyou’llneedtofindarestaurantforanoccasionalbusinessmeeting.You’llpressabuttononyourmobilephone,andaccesstheInternettopullupalistofgreatrestaurantsinyourimmediatearea.You’llhitanotherbutton,sayafewwordsintothehandsetandyou’vegotareservationforfour.

1.TheauthorusesthestoryofanoldFinnishwomantoindicatethat（）

2.Theword“saturate”(L.2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans（）

3.Accordingtothetext,WAPis（）

4.WecaninferfromthetextthatmobileInternetisdifferentfromthepreviousInternetinthat（）

5.WhatistheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthefutureofmobileInternet?

问题1选项

A.sheisignorantofsomecommonknowledge.

B.publictransitsystemcontainstheaccessorytoInternet.

C.manypeopleareunawareofthefunctionofnewappliance.

D.Internetisexperiencingrapidgrowth.

问题2选项

A.stale.

B.utilize.

C.despise.

D.fill.

问题3选项

A.technologystandardsetbymajorphonecompanies.

B.substitutionofHTMLwhichcanbeappliedontheInternet.

C.meansofexchanginginformation.

D.asoftwareapplicationfortransmittingvoiceovertelephonelines.

问题4选项

A.canbeaccessedbydesktop.

B.hasnoneedofwireappliance.

C.canbeusedtobookthetablefortheuser.

D.hasSpeechrecognitionsystem.

问题5选项

A.Indifferent.

B.Neutral.

C.Optimistic.

D.Pessimistic.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:例证题。文章开头讲述了一个芬兰老妇人并不知道她所使用的新技术到底有怎样的功能。这个例子是论据，旨在论述第二段提出的论点：“Whenitcomestonewmobileapplications,manyofusdonotrealizethecapabilityandpowerthatwehold,literally,inourhands.（当遇到新型的移动手机时，很多人都不知道我们手上握着的物体到底有怎样的性能和功用）”。这正是C项的内容。A项的内容文章没有提及；B和D项的内容并不是这个例子要论述的论点，所以这三项都是错误答案。

第2题:词意解析题。该句意思是，既然因特网的使用已经渗透到（充满）社会的各个方面，不管用户是在家或在公司里，那么下一个合理的举措就是在离开台式电脑或笔记本电脑时还可以访问因特网。所以选D。

第3题:文章细节题。根据第四段中“WAPissupportedbymajorphoneCompanies”可见主要厂商是支持协议而不是制定协议，因此A不对。由“muchlikeHTMLisameansofcommunicatingontheIntnet”得知，WAP和HTML是相似的关系，而不是替代的关系，所以选项B不对。选项C为正确答案，因为第四段最后一句是说，它是一种传输信息的手段，是因特网上的一种交流的手段。而选项D错在WAP不仅能传递语音文件，也能传递其他音频文件。

第4题:文意推断题。第三段指出，下一个合理的举措就是在离开台式电脑或笔记本电脑时还可以访问因特网；第四段开头又介绍说，无线设备的热门技术叫“无线应用协议”，由此可推mobileInternet是指不需要有线设备就可以上网，这正是选项B的内容。

第5题:作者态度题。尽管第五段提出了目前移动因特网的缺点，第六段开头作者就指出，这些技术的目的是使我们的生活变得更简单，然后讲述了将来这种技术如何使酒店预订变得十分简单。由此可见，作者对于移动因特网的前途是十分乐观的。

13.单选题

BBC’sCasualtyprogrammeonSaturdayeveninggaveviewersavoteastowhichoftwopatientsshouldbenefitfromadonation.Butitfailedtotellusthatwewouldnotneedtomakesomanylife-and-deathdecisionsifwegottogripwiththechronicorganshortage.

Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety.Onedepressingconsequenceofthisisthatasignificantnumberofthoseonthewaitinglisttakeofftoforeigncountriestopurchaseanorganfromalivingthird-worlddonor,somethingthatisforbiddenintheUnitedKingdom.Thepoorhavenooptionbuttowaitinvain.

TheHumanTissueAuthority’spositionontheretentionofbodypartsformedicalresearchafterapost-mortemexaminationisequallyflawed.Thenewconsentformscouldhavebeendraftedbysomeevilpersonseekingtostopthepreciousflowofhumantissueintothepathologicallaboratory.Theformsaresolengthythatdoctorsrarelyhavetimetocompletethemand,eveniftheytry,thewordingissographicthatrelativestendtolegitbeforesigning.Inconsequence,thenumberofpostmortemshasfallenquickly.

ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoin-fecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics.Takethetimidapproachtoembryonicstemcellresearch.TheUnitedStates,forexample,refusesgovernmentfundingtoscientistswhowishtocarryoutpotentiallyground-breakingresearchonthesurplusembryoscreatedbyIVFtreatment.

Senatorsprofesstobeworriedthatembryonicresearchfailstorespectthedignityof“potentialpersonsn.Rarelycansuchavacuousconcepthavefounditswayintoadebateclaimingtoprovideen-lightenment.Whenisthis“potential”supposedtokickin?Incaseyouwerewondering,thesesup-posedlypreciousembryosareatthesamestageofdevelopmentasthosethatareroutinelyterminatedbythepillwithoutanyonecrying.Thankfully,theBritishGovernmenthasrefusedthepositionofthe

UnitedStatesandoperatesoneofthemostliberalregimesinEurope,inwhichlicenceshavebeena-wardedtoresearcherstocreateembryosformedicalresearch.Itispossiblethat,inyearstocome,scientistswillbeabletogroworgansinthelabandfindcuresforarangeofdebilitatingdiseases.

Thefundamentalproblemwithourapproachtoethicsisourinabilitytoseparateemotionfrompolicy.Theonlyfactorthatshouldenterourmoralandlegaldeliberationsisthatofwelfare,aconceptthatismeaninglesswhenappliedtoentitiesthatlackself-consciousness.Neverforgetthattheresearchthatwearesoreluctanttoconductuponembryosanddeadbodiesisroutinelycarriedoutonliving,pain-sensitiveanimals.

1.Whathascausedthechronicorganshortage?

2.Theexpression“pussyfootingaround”(Line1，Paragraph2)mightmean（）.

3.Themoralshortsightednessisrevealedinthefactthat（）

4.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagree?

5.Theauthorismostcriticalof（）

问题1选项

A.Adecreaseindonationrates.

B.Inefficientgovernmentalpolicy.

C.Illegaltradeinhumanorgans.

D.Newsmedia’sindifference.

问题2选项

A.unfair

B.hesitant

C.secret

D.strict

问题3选项

A.thegovernmenthasstoppedtheexperimentonhumantissue

B.thedonationconsentformsaredifficulttounderstand

C.theHumanTissueActisallobstacletoimportantmedicalresearch

D.embryonicresearchshowsdisregardforhumanlife

问题4选项

A.Therichandthepoorareequalinthefaceofdeath.

B.Morescientistsareneededforthemedicaladvancement.

C.Thereisadoublestandardinmedicalethics.

D.Thedeaddeservethesameattentionastheliving.

问题5选项

A.themedia

B.doctors

C.U.S.Legislators

D.theBritishgovernment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第二段指出：Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety。因此政府行为加剧了可移植器官的短缺。B项（政府政策的不作为）正确。

2.语义题。根据题干定位至第二段第一行，该处讲到“政府对待尸体问题……，给我们社会中最弱势的群体一个打击（givingakickingto）”，后面句子又讲到“它造成的一个令人沮丧（depressing）的后果是等待名单上很大一部分人飞到国外从第三世界捐赠者那里购买活体器官，而这在英国是被禁止的”。由此可知，“pussyfootingaround”在这里应该表示的是“谨慎的，顾虑重重的”。因此，B项“hesitant（犹豫的；踌躇的）”正确。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词“moralshortsightedness”定位至第四段：ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoinfecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics（更令人担忧的是，《人体组织法案》中明显的道德短视似乎影响了当代医学伦理学辩论的各个方面）。因此，C项（《人体组织法案》是重要医学研究的障碍）正确。

4.态度题。A项（死亡面前人人平等），B项（更多的科学家需要医学进步），C项（医学伦理学有双重标准），D项（死者应该与生者获得同等关注）。第一段反驳了A项；B选项偷换概念，排除；D项文章没有体现。因此选项C正确。

4.态度题。作者是对政府政策持批判态度的。因此，C项（美国立法者）正确。

14.翻译题

在学问上打下坚实的基础将使你终生受益。在学习的初级阶段，学校所有科目中最重要的是语言和数学。语言是阅读和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表达自己；没有很好的掌握一门外语，你就会发现很难吸收外国的新知识。数学能训练人的逻辑思维。其他学科也各有用处，很难说哪一门更重要。比如，体育和音乐教育对于促进人的智力发展同样是重要的。

Thefirstbeginningsofthetheorymaybepromptedbycasualobservationandexperience.Inthesefirstprobestowardtheory,descriptionoffactsmakesupmostshareoftheeffort.Increasingsophisticationandrigorleadstoagrowingconcernwithtestingtentativetheoriesusingcarefullyselecteddataandavarietyofstatisticaltechniques.Intheselaterdevelopments,thesubjectmatterofadisciplinebecomesincreasinglytheoreticalanddeductive,ratherthanempiricalanddescriptive.

【答案】Layingasolidfoundationforstudywillworkforallyourlife.Intherudimentarystageoflearning,themostimportantsubjectsinschooleducationarelanguageandMathematics.Languageisatoolforreadingandcommunication.Ifyouarepoorinyourmotherlanguage,youcannotexpressyourselfwell.Andyouwillfindit’sdifficulttoabsorbnewknowledgefromothercountrieswithoutmasteringaforeignlanguage.Mathematicscantrainpeople’slogicalthinking.It’shardtotellwhichsubjectismoreimportant,forothersubjectsalsohavetheirownadvantages.Forinstance,physicalandmusiceducationmakecontributiontoourintelligencedevelopment.

不经意的观察和经历可能会促进理论的开始。在探究理论之初，描述事实构成了这种探索努力的最大部分。随着理论不断变得复杂和严谨，人们开始使用精心挑选的数据和各式各样的统计方法来测试尝试性的理论。在随后的发展中，学科的主题变得理论化，并且具有推导性，不再是经验和描述的。

15.单选题

Inthemovieheplaysalovingand（）fathertryingtobringuptwoteenagechildrenonhisown.

问题1选项

A.sensitive

B.senseless

C.sensual

D.sensuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sensitive“敏感的”；senseless“愚蠢的，无知的”；sensual“感觉的；肉欲的”；sensuous“感觉上的，感官的”。句意：在电影中他扮演了一个有爱而又敏感的父亲，他要独自一人抚养两个孩子。选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Oursondoesn’tknowwhatto（）attheuniversity:hecan’tmakeuphismindabouthisfuture.

问题1选项

A.takein

B.takeover

C.takeafter

D.takeup

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析。takein“理解，吸收”；takeover“接管”；takeafter“与……相像”；takeup“占据，开始，从事”。句意：我们的儿子不知道在大学里该做什么：他对自己的未来拿不定主意。选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

Airplaneandtelevisionareamongthe（）ofscience.

问题1选项

A.masks

B.martyrs

C.marvels

D.marrow

【答案】C

【解析】句意:飞机和电视都是科学的奇迹。

考查名词辨析。mask面具，口罩；martyr烈士;marvel奇迹；marrow骨髓，精华。四个选项中，只有C项符合句意。

18.单选题

PelerEigen,65-year-old,chairmanofTransparencyInternational,theglobalanti-corruptionwatchdog,isproudofalargephotographonhisofficewall.ItpictureshimalongsideMwaiKibaki,theKenyanpresident,andJamesWolfensohn,presidentoftheWorldBank.

Thepicture,takenshortlyafterMr.Kibaki’sinaugurationinJanuary,showsthethreemeninfriendlydiscussionatameetinginNairobi,theKenyancapital.“ThisphotoisveryspecialbecauseitshowshowfarTransparencyInternationalhascomesincewesetitup10yearsago，”saysMr.Eigenwithasmile.

Beforeleadingagroupoffriendsin1993toformTIinaone-roomBerlinoffice,Mr.EigenworkedattheWorldBankfor25years.HisfinalpositionwasseniorprogrammemanagerineastAfrica,basedinNairobi.（1）“Iwastoldthatfightingcorruptionwasnotpartofthebank’smandate,”hesays.

ThisledhimtoleaveKenyaandthebankandstartcampaigning.

Thepictureshowshowthingshavecomefullcircle.

（2）

About60peopleworkinthehead-quartersinwestBerlin.TI’sannualCorruptionPerceptionsIndex,rankingnationalcorruptionlevels,hasbecomeabenchmarkformanygovernments.

（3）

“Thiswouldhavebeenunthinkable”afewyearsago,Mr.Eigensays.

Aseriesofclosed-doormeetingsinthemid-1990sinBerlinwithchiefexecutivesfromleadingGermanmultinationalslaidthegroundworkforinternationalaction.“Wemovedtheexecutivesfrombeingdefensivetoadmittingthattherewasabigproblem.

（4）

“

Ti’ssolutionwasjointpressurefromthecompaniesonthegovernmenttosigntheOECDconventionagainstbribe-payingand,later,thesigningofagreementsbetweencompaniesnottousebriberytowincontracts.

（5）

Mr.EigenarguesthatTPsapproach,basedon“buildingcoalitions,notonconfrontation,”hasbroughtresults.

问题1选项

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

问题2选项

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

问题3选项

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

问题4选项

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.