快速阅读练习及答案

快速阅读练习及答案快速阅读练习及答案快速阅读练习及答案资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月快速阅读练习及答案版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyForquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifhestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage;Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.ComputerCrimeAcomputercrimeisgenerallydefinedasonethatinvolvestheuseofcomputersandsoftwareforillegalpurposes.Thisdoesn'tmeanthatallthecrimesarenewtypesofcrime.Onthecontrary,manyofthesecrimes,suchasembezzlementoffunds,thealterationofrecords,theft,vandalism,sabotage,andterrorism,canbecommittedwithoutacomputer.Butwithacomputer,theseoffensescanbecarriedoutmorequicklyandwithlesschancethatthepersonresponsibleforthecrimewillbediscovered.Computercrimesareontheriseandhavebeenforthelasttwelveyears.JusthowmuchthesecomputercrimescosttheAmericanpublicisindispute,butestimatesrangefrom$3billionto$5billionannually.EventheFBI,whichattemptstokeeptrackofthegrowthordeclineofallkindsofcrimes,isunabletosaypreciselyhowlargealossisinvolved;however,itestimatesthattheaveragetakefromacompanyhitbycomputercrimeis$600,000.Anumberofreasonsaregivenfortheincreaseincomputercrime:(a)morecomputersinuseand,thus,morepeoplewhoarefamiliarwithbasiccomputeroperation;(b)morecomputerstiedtogetherinsatelliteandotherdata—transmissionnetworks;and(c)theeasyaccessofmicrocomputerstohugemainframedatabases.TheCriminalMoviesandnewspaperstoriesmightleadustobelievethatmostcomputercrimesarecommittedbyteenage“hackers”—brilliantandbasicallygoodchildrenwholettheirimaginationandtechnicalgeniusgetthemintotrouble.Butarealisticlookatthecrimesrevealsthattheoffenderislikelytobeanemployeeofthefirmagainstwhichthecrimehasbeencommitted,.,an“insider”.DifficultyofDetectionandPreventionGiventhekindofpersonwhocommitsacomputercrimeandtheenvironmentinwhichthecrimeoccurs,itisoftendifficulttodetectwhothecriminalis.Firstofall,thecrimemaybesocomplexthatmonthsoryearsgobybeforeanyonediscoversit.Second,oncethecrimehasbeenrevealed,itisnoteasytofindacleartrailofevidencethatleadsbacktotheguiltyparty.Afterall,lookingfor“weapons”orfingerprintsdoesnotoccurasitmightintheinvestigationofmoreconventionalcrimes.Third,thereareusuallynowitnessestothecomputercrime,eventhoughitmaybetakingplaceinaroomfilledwithpeople.Whoistosayifthepersonatthenextterminal,calmlykeyingindata,isdoingthecompany'sworkorcommittingacriminalactFourth,notenoughpeopleinmanagementandlawenforcementknowenoughaboutcomputertechnologytopreventthecrimes.Authoritieshavetobefamiliarwiththecomputer'scapabilitieswithinagivensituationtoguardagainstitsmisuses.Insomelargecities,suchasLosAngeles,policedepartmentshavesetupspeciallytrainedcomputercrimeunits.Butevenwhenanoffenderiscaught,theinvestigators,attorneys(律师),judges,orjuriesmayfindtheallegedcrimetoocomplicatedandperplexingtohandle.Moreattorneysarespecializingincomputerlawandstudyingthecomputer'spotentialformisuse.Afteracomputercrimehasbeendiscovered,manycompaniesdonotreportitorprosecute(起诉)thepersonresponsible.Acompanymaynotannouncethecrimeoutoffearthatthepubicwillfindouttheweaknessesofitscomputersystemandloseconfidenceinitsorganization.Banks,creditcardcompanies,andinvestmentfirmsareespeciallysensitiveaboutrevealingtheirvulnerabilities(脆弱性)becausetheyrelyheavilyoncustomertrust.Toavoidpublicattention,cautiouscompanieswilloftensettlecasesofcomputertamperingoutofcourt.Andifcasesdogototrialandtheoffendersareconvicted,theymaybepunishedonlybyafineorlightsentencebecausethejudgeorjuryisn'tfullytrainedtounderstandthenatureandseriousnessofthecrime.Notallcompaniesaretimidinapprehendingcomputercriminals.Forexample,ConnecticutGeneralLifeInsuranceCompanydecidedithadtogettoughonviolators.Sowhenthecompanydiscoveredthatoneofitscomputertechnicianshadembezzled$200,000byenteringfalsebenefitclaims,itpresenteditfindingstothestate'sattorneyandaidedintheprosecutionofthetechnician.Thetechnicianwasfoundguiltyandsentencedtoprison,notjustforthecomputermisuse,butalsoforgrandtheftandinsurancefraud.ConnecticutGeneralnowhasapolicyofreportingallincidentsoftheftorfraud,nomatterhowsmall.提示:在实考试卷中，8~10题在答题卡1上1.TheFBIknowsexactlyhowlargealossisinvolvedincomputercrimes.2.Ithasbecomeeasyformicrocomputerownerstousehugemainframedatabases.3.ItisimpliedintheParagraph3thatmostcomputercriminalsaretheemployeesoftheconcernedcompanies.4.Manycompaniesdon'treportcomputercrimesbecauselawproceduresagainstcomputercrimesusuallycostalotofmoney.5.Whencomputercrimetakesplaceinaroomfilledwithpeople,thereareusuallymanywitnessestothecrime.6.ThepassageismainlyabouttheincreaseofcomputercrimesinAmericaandthedifficultiesincombatingcomputercrimes.7.Computercrimesareontherisebecausemorecheapmicrocomputersareavailable.8.Accordingtothepassage,computercrimeshasbeenontheriseforthelastyears.9.ConnecticutGeneralLifeInsurancecompanyiscitedasofcompaniesthattookseriousmeasurestofightagainstcomputercrimes.10.Banks,creditcardcompanies,andinvestmentfirmsareespeciallysensitiveaboutrevealingtheirvulnerabilitiesbecausetheyplacetoomuchrelianceon.【答案与解析】1.N该句句意为:美国联邦调查局确切知道计算机犯罪造成了多大损失。本题解题依据为本文第二段“EventheFBI,whichattempts...isinvolved”，该句大意为:尽管FBI致力于对各种犯罪的上升和下降有清晰认识，但并不能精确说明损失多大，所以与原文之意不合。2.Y该句句意为:计算机拥有者很容易利用大量计算机数据库，本题解