中级钻井英语考试题库仅供参考

12中级钻井英语考试样题.4.5.6.inthelatterpartofAugusttakeSundaysoffrailwayconductionbottomoutatabout21metersmonumentaldepthafterashortwhile八月下旬21米一小会儿后.4.5.6.溶化的硫一股石油钝钻法另一方面安装〔组合〕thawysulfurminingengineerageyserofoilcable-toolmethodontheotherhandriggingup...3.14.thenumberofparamountimportanceoperatingcompanythegeneralpublicexplorationgeophysicistrotaryhelperheadroustaboutcontrolconsolekeeptabsonrig”selectricalwiringrigelectriciancementingcompanyoffshorelocationrigmechanic很多业主一般来讲钻工钻工头把握台电工固井公司海上定位；海上井位机修工..2.13.14.能源标书中标效劳和供给公司钻井队起下钻搭把手国际钻井承包商协会(IADC)公司代表energysourcesatworkon;beabout;beengagedin;bidinvitation;renderwinatender;successfulbidertheserviceandsupplycompaniescranedriverdrillingcrewmakingtripslendahelpinghandwiring;electricequipmenttool-pushermixthemud;tocollocatemudtheInternationalAssociationOfContractorscompanyrepresentative.explorationwellrockformationcrudeoilforonething探井首先rocklayer 岩层inadditionto 除…之外structuraltrap 构造圈闭stratgraphictrap 地质圈闭takeseveralsteps 实行几个步骤conductorpipe 导管piledriver 打桩机jack-up 千斤顶drillships 钻井船landrig 陆地钻机largeflatbedtruck 大型平板车rigup 钻机安装drillstring 钻拄dependon 取决于bemovedofflocation 搬离井场wire-ropehoistingline 动力绳(起放井架用)truckmountedcrane 车载吊车stealpit 钢制池safestairway 安全梯mobileoffshorerig 移动海洋钻机rig-uptime 钻机安装时间internal-combustionengine 内燃机primepowersource 动力源combustionchamber 燃烧室fuel-airmixture 油气混合spark-ignitionengine 火花发动机compression–ignitionengine 压缩〔空气〕发动机mechanicalpowertransmission 机械动力传送electricalpowertransmission 电力传送wirerope 大绳drillingline 钻井绳〔大绳〕auxiliaryhydraulicbrake 关心水力刹车mechanicalcathead 机械猫头makeupthedrillstring 接钻具breakoutthedrillstring 卸钻具makeupcathead 上扣猫头breakoutcathead 卸扣猫头auxiliaryelectricbrake 关心电磁刹车fastline 快绳intermsof 在…方面steelgirder 钢梁drillstem 钻拄pressure-tightseal 压力-严密封have-walledpipe 厚壁管jetbit 喷射钻头diamondbit 金刚石钻头wallcake 泥饼reservepit 贮存坑〔污水坑〕fromtimetotime 有时；不时dischargeline 灌注管线gotogreatlengthstodo… 竭尽全力去做…rampreventer 封井器闸板piperam 钻杆闸板1.开发井developmentwell2.大陆架continentalshelf3.自然气naturalgas4.肉眼nakedeye5.石油圈闭petroleumtrap6.断层圈闭faulttrap7.背斜圈闭anticlinetrap8.干旱的沙漠ariddesert9.最小损失leastloss10.油田oilfield11.半潜式钻机semi-submersiblerig12.潜水式钻机submersiblerig13.顾名思义justasitsnameimplies14.平底船flatboat15.严格来说strictlyspeaking16.被称之为isknownas;becalled17.即使evenif18.其次inthenextplace;next;secondly19.钻井液drillingfluid；mud20.关心设备auxiliaryequipment21.循环系统circulationsystem22.动力系统powersystem23.旋转系统rotatingsystem24.提升系统hoistingsystem25.关心系统auxiliarysystem26.传递系统transfersystem27.传递手段transfermethod28.把握系统controlsystem29.井架底座constructors;foundation30.换句话说inotherwords31.充当actas32.摩擦猫头frictioncathead33.天车crownblock34.游动滑车travelingblock35.纤维绳fiberrope36.死绳deadline37.转盘rotarytable38.钻柱drillstring;drillstem;BHA39.方补心Kellybushing40.大补心mastbushing41.钻铤drillcollar42.钻杆drillpipe43.钻井液drillfluid44.泥浆泵mudpump45.振动筛shaleshaker46.其次道防线thesecondlineofdefense47.防喷器BOP〔theblowoutpreventers〕48.泥浆房mudhouse49.万能防喷器annuluspreventer50.节流管汇chockmanifold51.盐水brine;saltwater52.盲闸板blindram53.泥浆回流管线mudreturnlineSentencesUnit1&Unit2Part1translatethefollowingintoChineseToday,almostalldrillingisdonebytherotarymethodeventhoughalittleworkisstilldonewithcable-toolrigs.今日，即使少量的工作承受顿钻钻机完成，但几乎全部的钻井任务都有旋转钻机完成。Nobailingofcuttingsisnecessary,sodrillingdoesnothavetostopsooften.由于不需要岩削提捞，所以，钻井作业不必经常停顿。Heisusuallycalledthecompanyman,althoughmoreformallyheiscalledthecompanyrepresentative.Thetoolpusher(sometimescalledtherigmanager)isthedrillingcontractorstopmanonlocationatthesite.队长〔有时称为平台经理，是承包商在钻井现场的最高领导。Ifanyonepersoncanbedescribedasbeingdirectlyresponsiblefortheactualdrillingofthehole,itisthedriller.假设有一个被描述为对实际钻井负责的话，那么，他就是司钻。Manyotherservicesarerequiredasthewellisdrilled. 钻井时，需要很多其它方面的效劳。Theworkisnotalwayseasy theweathercanbeterrible,thelocationisoftenremote,thehourslong,andanelementofdangerexists.工作始终是不易的—天气能够变的很糟糕，井场经常遥远，工作时间太长，危急始终存在。Part2translatethefollowingintoEnglish他住在井场上的拖车房里并且一天24小时随叫随到。Helivesonlocationinthetrailerandisoncalltwenty-fourhoursaday.司钻直承受带班队长领导，是钻工的〔全面〕总监视。Thedrillerisunderthedirectsupervisionofthetool-pusherandisoverallsupervisorofthefloorman..机工负责使为钻工设备供给动力的发动机处于良好工作状态。Themotormanisresponsibleforkeepingtheenginesthatprovidethepowerforthedrillingequipmentontherigingoodworkingorder.机械工会对钻机上或钻机四周的机械设备作些小小的修理。Therigmechanicmaymakeminorrepairsontherigorequipmentaroundtherig.井场上的手作为钻工开头工作，他的第一工作主要是观看和倾听。Thenewhandontherigstartsoutasrotaryhelper,whosefirstjobismainlytowatchandlisten.由于套管必需固定到位，所以固井效劳公司就被召来做这项工作。Sincethecasinghastobecementedinplace,acementingservicecompanyisusuallycalledintoperformthistask..Unit3Part1 translatethefollowingintoChineseThedrillsite---theactuallocationonwhichthewellistobedrilled isselectedbytheoperatingcompany.井场—实际被钻井的位置—是由业主选定的。Theseopeningsarecalledpores.这些孔称为孔隙。Inadditiontoporosityandpermeability,reservoirrocksmustalsoexistinaveryspecialway.除了孔隙和渗透性，储层也必需具有好的盖层。Thisfirstpartoftheholeislargeindiameter,butfairlyshallowindepth.第一层直径大，但是较浅。Sometimes,atlandlocations,arectangularpartpitcalledacellarisdug.有时，在陆地上，需要挖一个被成为圆井的矩形坑。Rigcomponentsaredesignedforportabilityandareeasilyloadedandunloaded.钻机的部件被设计成轻松、简洁装卸。Afterfinishingonewell,therigmustbedismantled,movedandputbacktogethersoitcanbeginanotherwell,oftenatsomepointmanymilesawayfromthefirst.英里之远。Jack-uprigsarelimitedtodrillinginwaterdepthsofupto100meters.千斤顶钻机被限制在水深100米之内的井可以钻。Essentially,adrillshipisshapedjustlikeanyocean-goingship;however,drillingequipmentmakesadrillshipdistinctive.实质上，钻井船外型与任何海洋船一样，与众不同的是钻井船上安装有钻井设备Todrilldevelopmentwells,anoffshoreplatformmustbebuiltanderectedatasuitablesiteinthewatersoverthereservoir.钻开发井，在油藏之上必需建立和架设一个海洋平台。Theoperationtakesacloselycoordinatedeffortbetweenthecraneoperatorsandtruckdrivers.吊车操作手和卡车司机之间要严密协调进展作业。Auxiliaryequipmentforthesupplyofelectricity,compressedairandwaterisputintooperation.供电的关心设备，空气压缩机和水已经实施。Thelargepumpthatwillcirculatethedrillingfluidareputintoplace.循环钻井液的大型泵已经摆放到位。Drillpipe,bits,mudcomponents,wireropeandotherneededitemsarebroughttothelocation.钻杆，钻头，泥浆组分，大绳和所需的其它工程都已带到井场。Themainfunctionofarotaryrigistodrillahole,orasitisknownintheindustry,tomakehole.Therefore,dieselenginesaresometimescalledcompression-ignitionengines,whilegasandgasolineenginesarecalledspark-ignitionengines.所以，柴油发动机经常被称为压缩-点火发动机，而气体和汽油发动机被称为火花-点火发动机。Twocommonmethodsareusedtotransferthepower.两种一般的方法被用来传送动力。Thisshaftturnsbecausetheengineispowering.这个轴转动是由于发动机的驱动。Theoutputshaftsarethenmechanicallylinkedtogetherwithpulleysandchains.输出轴随后承受滑轮和链条进展机械连接。Thechainsservethesamefunctionasarubberbeltbetweentwopulleysandlooksimilartoabicyclechain.两个滑轮之间的链条效劳功能与皮带是一样的。这很像自行车的链条。Regardlessofwhethertherigismechanicalordiesel-electric,itsjobistomakehole,andtodoitsjobitmusthaveahoistingsystem.不管钻机是机械的或是柴油-电动的，它的任务是钻井，并且，要做这项工作，它必需有提升系统。Itconsistsofarevolvingdrumaroundwhichthewireropecalledthedrillinglineisspooledorwrapped.它由滚筒组成。滚筒上缠绕有称为大绳的钢丝绳。Italsocontainsamainbrake,whichhastheabilitytostopandpreventthedrumfromturning.它包括主刹车。主刹车有停顿和防止滚筒转动的力气。Airhoistsareitemsofequipmentseparatefromthe drawworksandaremuchsaferandeasiertousethanacathead.气动绞车是一种从绞车中分别出来的设备，但它与猫头相比，更安全、更易操作。Itlooksverymuchlikewhatordinaryfolkscall“cable“butisdesignedespeciallyfortheheavyloadsencounteredontherig.Tolowerthetravelingblock,lineisletoutofthedrawworksdrum.降低游车，大绳从滚筒放松。Crownsblocksandtravelingblocksusuallylooksmallerthantheyactuallyarebecauseofthedistancefromwhichtheyareseen.天车和游车通常看起来要比它们的实际尺寸小，这是由于看它们的距离〔太远〕所至。Ascanbeimagined,mastsandderrickshavetobeasstrongaspossiblecommensuratewithportability.可以想象，桅杆式井架和钻塔，在轻松的前提下，不得不尽可能的结实。TheKellybushingfitsintoanotherpartoftherotarytablecalledthemasterbushing.方补心和转盘的另一部件，被称为大补心的相配。TheKellymustbe brokenout,ordisconnected,whenalengthofdrillpipe isaddedtothedrillstringastheholeisdrilleddeeper.当为将井钻的更深而接单根时，方钻杆必需卸下，或与钻杆分别。Drillcollarsareheavierthandrillpipeandareusedonthebottompartofthestringtoputweightonthebit.钻铤比钻杆重，它接在钻拄的底部，以便向钻头施压。Theinside-threadedendiscalledthebox,andout–threadedendiscalledthepin.内丝扣端称为母扣，外丝扣端称为公扣。Tooljointsarenotaddedtodrillcollars.Thewallofdrillcollarsissothickthatitisnotnecessary.钻铤上没有钻具接头。由于钻铤的壁是如此的厚，所以，它不需要接头。Sincediamondsaresohard,diamondbitsaresometimesusedtoefficientlydrillrockformationsthatarequitehard.由于金刚石最硬，所以金刚石钻头被有效的用来钻格外硬的地层。Clayisaddedtothemudsothatitcankeepthebitcuttingsinsuspensionastheymoveupthehole.在泥浆中参与粘土，以便当钻削从井内携带出来时，能够在泥浆中悬浮。Theequipmentinthecirculationsystemconsistsofalargenumberofitems.循环系统由很多局部组成。Onalandrig,theshakerscreensoutthecuttingsanddumpsthemintooneofthereservepits.在陆地钻机上，震惊筛将钻削筛出并将它倾倒到污水池。Sometimestherotaryhelpersor derrickman,underthedriller’ssupervision,attendtothemaintenanceneedsoftherigengines.有时，钻工或井架工，在司钻的监视下，对钻机发动机进展其所需的保养。Part2translatethefollowingintoEnglish要确定是否可能存在碳氢化合物的通常是作业公司地质工作者的工作。Todeterminewhetherornothydrocarbonsmayexistisusuallythejobofthecompany’sstaffofgeologists.油藏岩的另一特征就是它必需具有渗透性。Anothercharacteristicofareservoirrockisthatitmustbepermeable.首先，好的油藏岩含有孔隙。Foronething,goodreservoirrockshaveporosity.这个洞也用管子衬上，叫大鼠洞。Thisholeisalsolinedwithpipeandiscalledtherathole.现在该钻井承包商搬进钻机和设备了。Itisnowtimeforthecontractortomoveinthedrillingrigandequipment.因此，钻机船甲板完全在水面上面。Thus,thedrillingdeckiswellabovethewater’ssurface.不过两者都供给了能在上面进展钻井作业的稳定的平台。Nevertheless,bothprovideaverystableplatformfromwhichdrillingoperationcanbeconducted.实际上，半潜式钻机漂移着，但不是在水面上。Inreality,asemi-submersiblefloatsbutnotonthewater’ssurface.同时，其他的安装作业在连续。Meantime,otherrigging-upoperationscontinue.装起护栏。Guardrailsareerected.通常使用标准井架，所以得一块块地装起。Usually,astandardderrickisused,soitwillbeassembledpiecebypiece.生活区、贮存区和其他设备由搬装起重机提起。Livingquarters,storagespaces,andotherequipmentareliftedbybarge-mountedcranes.钻机需要不只一台发动机来供给所需动力。Rigsrequiremorethanoneenginetofurnishtheneededpower.今日大多数钻机发动机是柴油机，尽管还有一些把自然气或液化气作为燃料的来燃烧的发动机。Mostrigenginestodayarediesels,althoughsomearestillaroundthatburnnaturalrliquefiedgasasafuel.一台钻机，依据其大小和所须钻的井深可能有两到四个发动机。Arig,dependingonitssizeandhowdeepaholeitmustdrivemayhavetwotofourengines.自然是钻机越大，能钻的井越深，所需的动力就越多。Naturally,thebiggertherig,thedeeperitcandrillandthemorepoweritwillneed.通常用大皮带来驱动泥浆泵。Largebeltsareusuallyusedtodrivethemudpumps.绞车是又大又重的一件机械设备。Thedraw-worksisabig,heavypieceofmachinery.猫头看起来一点也不像猫的头。Acatheadlooksnothinglikeacat’shead.摩擦猫头是一个相当小的卷轴外形的装置。Africtioncatheadisarelativelysmall,spool-shapeddevice.2830毫米的金属绳组成的。Adrillinglineismadeofwireropethatgenerallyrangesfrom28to38millimetersindiameter.井场上还停放着另一大组滑轮叫游动滑车。Ontherigfloorrests(onlytemporarilyfornow)anotherverylargesetofpulleysorsheavescalledthetravelingblock.大绳所缠绕的圈数取决于所需承受的重量有多大。Thenumberoflinesstrungdependsonhowmuchweightneedstobesupported.这局部绳子叫死绳---死是由于一旦它固定了，就不动了。Thispartofthelineiscalledthedeadline-deadbecause,onceitissecured,itdoesnotmove.水龙带安在水龙头的边上。Therotaryhose(alsocalledtheKellyhose)isattachedtothesideoftheswivel.紧挨着水龙头以下的是一个方的或六边行的一段管子叫方钻杆。Immediatelybelowtheswivelisattachesasquare(four-sided)orhexagonal (six-sided)pieceofpipecalledtheKelly.因此，当大补心钻动时，方补心也旋转。Thusasthemasterbushingrotates,theKellybushingalsorotates.当起下钻时，方钻杆也必需卸下。TheKellymustalsobebrokenoutwhenthepipeis“tripped”(taken)inoroutofthehole.钻铤和钻杆一样是钢管。Drillcollars,likedrillpipe,aresteeltubes.一节钻杆的长度是九米长，每个长度叫单根！Alengthofdrillpipeisabout9meterslongandeachlengthiscalledajointofpipe.这些划了丝扣的两端叫接箍。Thesethreadedendsarecalledtooljoints.和钻杆一样，钻铤也有公扣和母扣。Likedrillpipe,drillcollarsalsohaveaboxandpin.钻石钻头没有牙轮，也没有牙齿。Diamondbitsdonothavecones;nordotheyhaveteeth.钻井液---泥浆---通常是水、粘土、加重材料和几种化学药品的混合物。Drillingfluid-mud-isusuallyamixtureofwater,clay,weightingmaterial,andafewchemicals.环空是钻柱外面和井壁之间的空间。Theannulusisthespacebetweentheoutsideofthedrillstringandwallofthehole.循环系统根本上是个封闭的系统。Thecirculatingsystemisessentiallyaclosedsystem.泥浆系统中的另一辅件是叫除气器的一种装置。Anotherauxiliaryinthemudsystemisadevicecalledadegasser.人类生命受到威逼，污染要发生。Humanlivesarethreatened;pollutionmayoccur.Passages: TranslatethefollowingpassagesintoChinese:1．Operatingcompaniesarethefinanciersoftheindustryandaretheprincipalusersoftheservicesprovidedbydrillingcontractorsandservicecompanies.Anoperatingcompany,oftencalledsimplyanoperator,isapersonorcompanywhoactuallyhastherighttodrillandproducepetroleumthatmayexistataparticularsite.Theoperatoracquirestherightpersonswhoownthelandunderwhichpetroleummayexist.〔业主〕是工业财团和钻井承包商及效劳公司的用户。一个作业公司，通常简称为作业者。她是一个人或者是一个公司——她有实际权力在有油的特别地方钻井和采油。作业者对地下含油的土地有拥有权。2．Operatingcompanies,bothlargeandsmall,havefounditmoreexpedienttoutilizethemen,equipment,andskillsandexperienceofdrillingcontractorstoperformtheactualdrillingofawell.Infact,about98percentofalldrillingintheUnitedStatesandCanadaisdonebydrillingcontractors ，likeandoperatingcompany,adrillingcompanymaybesmallorquite large.Regardlessofsize,themainjobofthecontractoristodrillaholetothedepthandspecificationssetbytheoperatingcompany.拿大，大约98%的钻井任务是由钻井承包上完成的。钻井承包商或许较小或格外大，无论其大小，承包商的主要工作就是依据作业公司的技术要求进展钻井。3．Aholefullofmudthatweighsthe rightamount,orhastheproperdensity,willnotblowout.Butsometimestheunexpectedoccurs.Sincearigcrewisonlyhuman,anerrorcanbemadeandformationfluidssuchasgas,saltwater,oil,orallthreeenterthehole.Anytimeformationfluidgetsintothehole,thecrewhasakickonitshands.Whenakickoccurs,itmakesitspresenceknownbycertainthingsthathappeninthecirculatingsystem.Forexample,thelevelofmudinthepitsmayriseabovethenormallevel,ormudmayflowoutofthewellevenwiththepumpstopped,orshutdown.Analertcrewcanspottheseanomalies(eventhoughtheanomaliesaresometimessubtle微小的)andtakeactiontopreventablowout.Itisherethatthesecondlineofdefenseagainstblowoutsisbroughtintoplay—theblowoutpreventers(BOPS).〔即使这些特别现象有时是微小的〕以便实行行动以防止井喷的发生。防喷器是防止井喷的其次道防线。4．Ofcourse,closinginthewellwithoneormoreoftheblowoutpreventersisonlythefirststepthatmustbetaken.Inordertoresumedrilling,thekickmustbecirculatedoutandmudoftheproperweightcirculatedin.therefore,aseriesofvalvescalledthechokemanifoldisinstalledaspartofthesystem.Achokeissimplyavalvewhoseopeningiscapableofbeingrestrictedorpinchedin.itcanbefullyclosedorfullyopen,anditmaybeinfinitelyvaluableinsizebetweenopenandclosed.Inordertocirculatethekickoutofthewellandpumpheavymudin,thechokeisfullyopened,themudpumpstarted,and,asthekickstartsmovingupthehole,thechokeopeningisreducedinsizebyanamountthatholdsjustenoughbackpressuretoallowthemudandkickoutbutpreventsfurtherentryofformationfluid.Oncethekickisoutandtheheaviermudin,afewchecksaremade,andnormaldrillingoperationscanresume.气侵流体被替出且重浆被替入，需要做几项检查后，方可恢复钻井作业。5．Adrillingrigintherotarydrillingincludesthreemainsystems:hoisting,circulating,androtating.Thehookandelevatorsaresupportedbythederrickwiththetravelingblocks,wireline,crownblock,anddrawworks.Whenthedrillingisinprogress,thedrillingfluidiscirculatedbymeansofthepumpfromthemudtankthroughthestandpipe,rotaryhose,swivel,Kelly,drillpipe,anddrillcollarstothebit,andthenbacktothesurface.Therotarytableispoweredbytheprimemovers.ItturnstheKelly,andtherotationoftheKellycausesthebittoturnandmakehole.驱动后，带动方钻杆，方钻杆的旋转带动钻头旋转，从而进展钻井。6．Whendrillingisinprogress,thecrewmembershavetochangethebitfromtimetotime.Tochangeabit,aroundtripmustbeperformed.Adrillingcrewmayuseasmanyas4bitstodrill3500metersdeep.Noasingledrillpipeislongenoughtoreachsuchadepth.Sothecrew hastomakethedrillstemlongerwhiletheyaredrillingthehole.Theadditionofalengthofpipetothedrillstringisknownasmakingaconnection。35004只钻头。没有一根钻杆能够长到如此深度，所以，钻进时钻井队不得不加长钻柱。在钻拄上加长钻杆就是众所周知的接单根。7．Adrillstemconsistsoffourparts:aKelly,drillpipe,drillcollarsandtooljoints.TheKellyisasquarepipe,anditformsthetopsectionofthedrillstem.Thedrillpipe istheroundsteeltubeabouttenmeterslong.Drillcollarsareshorter,stronger,andheavierthandrillpipe.Theyareplacedatbottomsectionofthestem,andhelptobalancethestemandmakeitstrong.And,tooljointsaremainlyemployedtoconnectcomponentsofthedrillstemtogether.接在一起。8．Oiliscontainedinrocksunderthegroundandinrocksunderthesea.Tofindit,oilmenhavetodrillboreholes.Theequipmentfordrillingtheseholesisthedrillingrig.Mostrigsworkontherotarysystem.A bitrotatesattheendofapipe.Asthebitrotates,itcutsandcrushestherockatthebottomofthehole.Thecuttingsarecarriedtothesurfacebyaspecialfluid.Thisfluidiscalled‘mud’.Mudisamixtureofclay,waterandchemicals浆。泥浆是粘土、水和化学药品的混合物。9．Practicallyeveryrigusesinternalcombustionenginesasitsprimepowersource.Thefuel-airmixtureisignitedbytheheatthatisgeneratedbycompressioninsidetheengine.Anytimeagasiscompressed,itstemperaturerises;compressitenough,ifit’sflammable,itgetshotenoughtoignite.Arig,dependingonitssizeandhowdeepaholeitmustdrillmayhavefromtwotofourengines.Naturally,thebiggertherigis,thedeeperitcandrillandthemorepoweritwillneed.Thusthebigrigshavethreeorfourengines.Twocommonmethodsareusedtotransferthepower:electricalandmechanical.几乎全部的钻机都承受内燃机作为原动力。油-气混合后在发动机内压缩加热后被点燃。任何时候，气体被压缩后，它的温度都要上升，当压缩到足够程度时，假设它是