考研考博-英语-南昌大学科学技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌大学科学技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

（）I’llmarryhimallthesame.

问题1选项

A.Washerichorpoor

B.Whetherrichorpoor

C.Wereherichorpoor

D.Beherichorpoor

【答案】D

【解析】语法题——考查虚拟语气。D选项这是省略whether后的让步状语从句，从句用了省略should虚拟语气，省略whether后，句子要倒装，原句等于whetherhe(should）berichorpoor...，谓语动词提前时要用从句谓语原形动词即be，排除A、C项；而B选项省略错误，逻辑主语发生了变化。句意：不管他是穷是富，我都要嫁给他。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.Inthegym.

B.Intheoffice.

C.Intheclinic.

D.Intheboat.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ok,everythinglooksship-shape.

W:Great!WhenshouldIcomeagainforaphysical?

Q:Wheredidthisconversationprobablytakeplace?

【解析】推断题。女士问何时来复查，由此推断对话场景应为医院。

3.翻译题

世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果，这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。

世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己动手去操作，自己细心体察。这样。他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥秘。

【答案】Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsisnaturemuseumintheworld,whichshowspeopletheevolutionoftheearthandthelivingthingswithfossilsandsamplesspecimen.Thesecondgenerationofmuseumsismuseumsofindustrialtechnology,whichshowthestageeffectsofindustrialcivilization.Thesetwomuseumsplaytheroleofspreadingscienceandknowledge,butthevisitorsaretreatedaspassivespectators.

Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsismuseumsoftotalnewideas,wherethevisitorscanoperatethedisplayedobjectsandobserveeverythingcarefully.Inthisway,theyaremoreclosetotheadvancedtechnologyandareabletoexplorethesecretsofscienceandtechnology.

4.填空题

Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreadit11ofabook,and,ifaparentcanproduce12intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.

Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses.Toprovethe13,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhashad,14onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildren15dangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffear16thepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.

Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegrounds17theyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasies18fairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircase19sound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstick20coveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirl-friend.Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosamechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.

【答案】11.out

12.what

13.latter

14.and

15.being

16.into

17.that

18.in

19.were

20.or

【解析】11.考查动词短语。句意：讲故事总是比从书上读故事好得多。readsth.out“读出来”，这里it指的是astory。

12.考查宾语从句。句意：如果父母能在当时和孩子个人的实际情况下写出比印刷文本更好的东西，那就更好了。produce后面接宾语从句，宾语从句缺主语，引导词what作宾语从句的主语。

13.考查连词。这里承接上文theyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses（童话故事通过吓唬孩子或唤起孩子的施虐冲动来伤害孩子），而后文是要证明childrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot（读过童话故事的孩子比没有读过的孩子更容易犯下残忍的罪行），所以这里是证明后者，用latter符合题意。

14.考查连词用法。前面Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhas（每个孩子都有攻击性、破坏性、虐待性的冲动），后面onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction（总的来说，他们象征性的言语发泄被视为一种安全阀，而不是公开行动的刺激），可知前后是并列结构，用and符合题意。

15.考查非谓语动词。句意：至于恐惧，我认为，确实有一些孩子被一些童话故事吓坏的案例。根据children被terrified确定用被动语态，被动语态结构为be动词+done，根据介词of确定用动名词形式，所以being符合题意。

16.考查动词短语。osth.“将……变成……”，根据语境，这里指将恐惧的痛苦转化为面对和控制恐惧的快乐。

17.考查状语从句。句意：也有人反对童话故事，理由是它们不是客观真实的，巨人、女巫、双头龙、魔毯等等，根本不存在。onthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue是修饰whoobjecttofairystories的原因状语从句，onthegroundsthat属于边际从属连词。

18.考查介词用法。句意：应该教孩子如何通过学习历史和力学来适应现实，而不是沉溺于童话故事中的幻想。这里指在童话故事中，infairytales符合题意。

19.考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们的说法合理，那么这个世界上应该有很多疯子。这里的虚拟语气用来表示假设，表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句结构：If+主语+动词一般过去时（Be动词用were），were符合题意。

20.考查连词用法。句意：如果他们的说法合理，那么这个世界上应该有很多疯子，他们试图骑着扫帚从纽约飞到费城，或者用亲吻来覆盖电话，以为那是他们被施了魔法的女友。根据语境，在这里or使句子通顺。

5.单选题

Williamneverworksrapidly,healways（

）ineverythingthathedoes.

问题1选项

A.takeshistime

B.makestime

C.keepsgoodtime

D.losestime

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“不慌不忙”；B选项“抽出时间”；C选项“（钟表）走的准”；D选项“耽误时间，失去时机”。句意：威廉做事不快，他总是（）做他的事。从前面的句子neverworksrapidly可知，这里答案选A“不慌不忙”，其他选项不符合逻辑。

6.单选题

AlexanderWolcott'sflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

问题1选项

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singer

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：AlexanderWolcott浮夸的个性结合了敏锐的机智和多愁善感。flamboyant意为“艳丽的，炫耀的，浮夸的”。devious偏僻的，弯曲的；humorous幽默的；singer歌手；showy艳丽的，炫耀的，显眼的。选项D与之意思相近。

7.单选题

Politicallythesenationstendtobe（

），withveryhighbirthratesbutpooreducationandverylowlevelsofliteracy.

问题1选项

A.unstable

B.reluctant

C.rational

D.unsteady

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这些国家出生率很高而教育和文化水平低下，所以政治上不稳定。

形容词辨析。Unstable不稳定的,不牢固的;reluctant不情愿的，勉强的;rational合理的，理性的;unsteady不安定的，反复无常的。因此A符合句意。

8.翻译题

Winnershavedifferentpotentials.Achievementisnotthemostimportantthing.Authenticityis.Theauthenticpersonexperiencestherealityofhimselfbyknowinghimself,beinghimself,andbecominghimself.Heactualizedhisownunprecedenteduniqueness,andappreciatestheuniquenessofothers.

Awinnerisnotafraidtodohisownthinkingandtousehisownknowledge.Hecanseparatefactsfromopinionanddoesn’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Helistenstoothers,evaluateswhattheysay,butcomestohisownconclusions.Whilehecanadmireandrespectotherpeople,heisnottotallydefined,demolished,boundorawedbythem.

【答案】

成功者的潜质各不相同，成就并不是最重要的，活得真实才是。一个真实的人通过了解自我，坚持自我，使自己成为值得信赖、乐于回应的人来体验真实的自我。它实现前所未有的独特的自我，同时也尊重他人的独特之处。

成功者不惧怕独立思考，也不惧怕独立运用知识，他能够区分哪些是事实，哪些是观点，同时并不宣称洞察一切。他倾听他人的意见，琢磨他人的话语，但是自行做出结论，他可以钦羡、尊重别人，可是他绝不为他人所局限，所束缚，不会对他们敬若神灵。

9.单选题

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

问题1选项

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glanced“瞥闪，瞥见，扫视，匆匆一看（强调主动的加以注意瞥了一眼）；浏览；斜击某物后斜弹开来；反光；轻擦（球）；（板球）斜击”；B选项glimpsed“瞥见（强调被动的，比如某个东西在眼前闪了一下，不是主动去看）”；C选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；D选项scribbled“乱画；潦草地书写；写作（非正式）；粗疏（羊毛）”。句意：他离开办公室前___手表。本句表达“主动地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.

问题1选项

A.inadequate

B.incapable

C.incompatible

D.invalid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的，不充分的”；B选项incapable“无能力的，不能的”；C选项incompatible“不相容的”；D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意：一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。

11.单选题

Ifyouwantto（）apleasantvisit,findoutasmuchaspossibleaboutthemannersandcustomsofyourcountry.

问题1选项

A.secure

B.assure

C.insure

D.ensure

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项secure“保护，弄到”；B选项assure“保证，担保”；C选insure“给……保险”；D选项ensure“确保，使安全”。句意：如果你想（）一个愉快的访问，就尽可能多地了解礼仪和贵国的风俗习惯。这里表达的含义是“确保有一个愉快的访问”，因此D选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

问题2选项

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

问题3选项

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

问题4选项

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

问题5选项

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.

D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.语义题。题干：根据本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse”说明“modest”sleepdeprivation指的是少于6小时的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小时的睡眠。因此C选项符合题意。

2.判断推理题。题干：根据第3段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？第三段最后一句“You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays”，别人生病后就会意识到多睡一小时的好处，对应B选项的内容。

3.细节题。题干：为什么会有所谓的“睡眠瘫痪症”?第四段第三句中提到了“SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate”，可知“睡眠瘫痪症”发生在大脑从快速眼动周期唤醒时，身体仍保持不动状态，因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节题。题干：根据最后一段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？最后一段最后一句提到“REMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughouttheday…”表明大脑一天产生的记忆是脆弱的，需要睡眠帮忙巩固记忆。因此B选项符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：睡眠不足对人的身心有什么影响？第二段提到“elevatedbloodpressure”；第三段提到“reducedimmunesystem”;第四段提到“sleepparalysis”；最后一段提到“memoryloss”，因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

JeanleftAliceSpringsonMondaymorningwithregret,andflewalldayina“Dragonfly”'aircraft;anditwasaveryinstructivedayforher.ThemachinedidnotgodirectlytoCloncurry,butflewtoandforacrossthewastesofCentralAustralia,depositingsmallbagsofmailatcattlestationsandpickingupcattle-menandtravelerstodropthemoffafterahundredorahundredandfiftymiles.Theylandedeightortentimesinthecourseoftheday,atplaceslikeAmmarooandHatchesCreekandmanyotherstations;ateachplacetheywouldgetoutoftheplaneanddrinkacupofteaandhaveatalkwiththestationmanagerorowner,andgetbackintotheplaneandgoontheirway.BytheendofthedayJeanPagetknewexactlywhatacattlestationlookedlike,andshewasbeginningtohaveaverygoodideaofwhatwentonthere.

TheygottoCloncurryintheevening,afairlyextensivetownonarailwaythatraneastwardtotheseaatTownsville.HereshewasinQueensland,andsheheardforthefirsttimetheslowdeliberatespeechoftheQueenslandthatremindedheratonceofherfriendJoeHarman.ShewasdrivenintotowninaveryoldopencaranddepositedatthePostOfficeHotel;shegotabedroombutteawasover,andshehadtogodownthewide,dustymainstreettoacaféforhereveningmeal.Cloncurry,shefound,hadnoneofthecleanattractivenessofAliceSprings;itwasatownwhichsmeltofcattle,withwidestreetsthroughwhichtodrivethemdowntothestockyard,manyhotels,andafewshops.Allthehouseswereofwoodwithred-paintedironroofs;thehotelshadtwofloors,butveryfewoftheotherhouseshadmorethanone.

Shehadtospendadayhere,becausetheairservicetoNormantonandWillstownranweeklyonaWednesday.Shewentoutafterbreakfastwhiletheairwasstillcoolandwalkedinonedirectionupthehugemainstreetforhalfamiletillshecametotheendofthetown,thencamebackandwalkeddownitaquarterofamiletillshecametotheotherend.Thenshewentandhadalookattherailwaystation,and,havingseentheairfield,withthatshehadseenalltherewastoseeinCloncurry.Shelookedinatashopthatsoldtoysandnewspapers,buttheyweresoldoutofallreadingmatterexceptafewbooksaboutdress-making;asthedaywasstartingtowarmupshewentbacktothehotel.ShemanagedtoborrowacopyoftheAustralianWomen’sWeeklyfromthemanageressofthehotelandtookittoherroom,andtookoffmostofherclothesandlaydownonherbedtosweatitoutduringtheheatoftheday.MostoftheothercitizensofCloncurryseemedtobedoingthesamething.

Shefeltlikemovingagainshortlybeforeteaandhadashower,andwentouttothecaféforanice.Weigheddownbytheheavymealofroastbeefandplum-puddingthattheQueenslanderscall“tea”shesatinafoldingchairforalittleoutsideinthecooloftheevening,andwenttobedagainatabouteighto’clock.Shewascalledbeforedaybreak,andwasoutattheairfieldwiththefirstlight.

1.WhenJeanhadtoleaveAliceSprings,she（）.

2.HowdidJeangetsomeideaofAustraliancattlestation?

3.Jean'smaincomplaintaboutCloncurryincomparisonwithAliceSprings,was（）.

4.ForhereveningmealontheseconddayJeanhad（）.

5.JeanleftCloncurry（）.

问题1选项

A.wishedshecouldhavestayedlodger

B.regrettedshehaddecidedtofly

C.wasn'tlookingforwardtoflyingallday

D.wishedithadnotbeenaMondaymorning

问题2选项

A.Shelearntaboutthematfirsthand.

B.Shelearntaboutthemfromfriends.

C.Shevisitedthemweekly.

D.Shestayedononeforaweek.

问题3选项

A.thewidthofthemainstreet

B.thepoorserviceatthehotel

C.thepoor-lookingbuildings

D.thesmellofcows

问题4选项

A.onlyanice-cream

B.alotofcookedfood

C.somecoldbeer

D.acooling,butnon-alcoholicdrink

问题5选项

A.earlyonWednesdaymorning

B.lateonTuesdayevening

C.afterbreakfastonTuesday

D.beforebreakfastonTuesday

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:文章第一段第一句话提到JeanleftAliceSpringsonMondaymorningwithregret（琼在星期一早上带着遗憾离开了爱丽丝泉），所以选项B符合题意。

第2题:从文章全篇可以知道琼是自己亲自去了那个地方，所以是亲身经历，选项A符合题意。

第3题:文章第二段提到琼住进了一个邮局旅馆，但是当她到的时候已经不提供茶点了，她必须去满是灰尘的大街上去找咖啡馆吃晚餐（shehadtogodownthewide,dustymainstreettoacaféforhereveningmeal），所以她主要抱怨的是邮局旅馆的服务，选项B符合题意。

第4题:文章最后一段提到weigheddownbytheheavymealofroastbeefandplum-puddingthattheQueenslanderscall“tea”…，可知琼吃了丰盛的一餐。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章提到琼在周一早晨离开了爱丽丝泉，晚上到了克朗克里，又在克朗克里过了一天，周三早上离开。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

The（

）ofmedicalknowledgeisbeingpushedfartheronwardsastimegoeson

问题1选项

A.potential

B.multitude

C.frontier

D.leap

【答案】C

【解析】句意:随着时间的推移,医学知识的前沿正在向前推进。只有选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwas.FollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso;theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory―andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday―embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThornesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-healed)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicanswhoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlofSpain（

）.

2.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

4.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

B.wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

C.endedhisreigninembarrassment

D.easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

问题2选项

A.owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

B.toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

C.togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

D.duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

问题3选项

A.Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

B.Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

C.Theroleofthenobilityinmodemdemocracies

D.Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges

问题4选项

A.takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues

B.failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

C.takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

D.failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

问题5选项

A.Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

B.Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

C.Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

D.Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown(然而在近来欧洲选举中所留下的令人尴尬的丑闻和共和党人的声望却迫使他食言而退位)。由此可知C项“尴尬地结束自己的统治”正确。

2.判断推理题。第三段指出:Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates(这种明显的政治超越解释了君主们作为国家元首的持续受欢迎)。...mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.……(大多数皇室幸存的原因是他们让选民避免困难地去寻找没有争议但却可敬重的公众人物)。由此可知A项“由于他们无疑问且可敬重的地位”正确。

3.细节事实题。第四段指出:...itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates(奇怪的是富有的贵族家鹿应该仍然是现代民主家庭和国家的象征性核心),由此可知C项“贵族在现代民主政治中的角色”正确。

4.推理判断题。最后一段指出:ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld(危险将从查尔斯（王子）开始，他有一种奢华的生活品味，且对世界有着相当等级制度的观点)。可推知B项“未能按照建议来改变自己的生活方式”正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章第二段指出:.事实上当公众舆论特别两极分化时，西班牙国王退位的例子为支持和反对君主政治提供了论据。而且后续段落围绕“欧洲君主们应对君主政体所面临的危机而采取的方式”可推知B项“对所有欧洲君主们而言是一个教训的西班牙国王胡安•卡洛斯”比较适合作文章标题。

16.单选题

InAmericanuniversities,classesareoftenarrangedinmoreflexible（

）andmanyjobsoncampusarereservedforstudents.

问题1选项

A.scales

B.ranks

C.grades

D.patterns

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。scale规模，比例；rank等级；grade级别，阶段；pattern模式。句意：在美国大学，班级安排通常是灵活的模式，并且校园里有很多工作都是为学生准备的。选项D符合句意。

17.单选题

Inasocietythatplacesomuchemphasisto“makingit,”wefailtorecognizethatwhatlookslikefailuremay,inthelongrun,provebeneficial.

问题1选项

A.to

B.failtorecognize

C.what

D.inthelongrun

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据emphasis可知，placeemphasison为固定搭配，表示“重视，强调”。句意：在一个如此强调“成功”的社会里，我们没有意识到，从长远来看，看起来像是失败的东西可能是有益的。因此，该题选择A项。

18.单选题

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckdifferentpopulationsmakesthisoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;otherexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshave“density-independent”growthparameters,withvital,ratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronethingnopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,deathandmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthe“signal”ecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylow