考研考博-英语-南通大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南通大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheAustrianmanufacturingindustryconsistsofafewlargeorganizations,manyofwhichoperateundergovernmentauspices.

问题1选项

A.supervisions

B.orientations

C.regulation

D.sponsorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。auspice“赞助，主办”；A选项supervision“监督，管理”；B选项orientation“方向；适应；向东方”；C选项regulation“管理；规则；校准”；D选项sponsorship“赞助；发起”。句意：奥地利的制造业由几个大型组织组成，其中许多是在政府的支持下运作的。auspice本身有“赞助”的意思，因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Itisnotconsidered______tolitterinpublic.

问题1选项

A.respectful

B.respective

C.respected

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项respectful“恭敬的”，指尊敬他人；B选项respective“分别的”，指各自分别的；C选项respected“受尊敬的”，指受到别人尊敬；D选项respectable“值得尊敬的”，指值得别人尊敬，有好名声。句意：在公共场所乱扔垃圾被认为是值得尊敬的。本句表示乱扔垃圾不值得别人尊敬。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

However,thevillagersdidnot（

）themthebestoutofthingstoentertainusinthemostsinceresmiletogreetthearrivalofus.

问题1选项

A.jealous

B.stingy

C.reluctant

D.begrudge

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词形容词辨析。jealous妒忌的；stingy吝啬的；reluctant不情愿的，勉强的；begrudge羡慕，吝惜。句意：然而，村民却毫不吝惜地拿出他们最好的东西来招待我们，以最真诚的笑容迎接我们的到来。根据句意可知D项符合题意。

4.单选题

Timeforanotherglobal-competitivenessalert.IntheThirdInternationalMathematicsandSciencestudy-whichlastyeartestedahalf-millionstudentsin41countries—Americaneighthgraders（1）belowtheworldaverageinmath.Andthat'snoteven

（2）

part.Considerthisasyoutryto

（3）

whichcountrieswilldominatethetechnologymarketsofthe21stcentury:top10percentofAmerica'smathstudentsscoredaboutthesameastheaveragekidintheglobal

（4）

,Singapore.

Itisn'texactlyanewsflashthesedays

（5）

Americansscorebehindthecurveoninternationaltests.Buteducatorssaythisstudy

（6）

becauseitmonitoredVariablesbothinsideandoutsidetheclassroom.Laziness—thefactoroften

（7）forAmericanspoorperformance—isnottheculprithere.Americanstudents

（8）

spendmoretimeinclassthanpupilsinJapanandGermany.

（9）

,theygetmorehomeworkandwatchthesameamountofTV.Theproblem,educatorssayisnotthekidsbutthecurriculumthatistoo

（10）

.ThestudyfoundthatlessonsforU.S.eighthgraderscontainedtopicsmasteredbyseventhgradersinothercountries.

TeachersactuallyagreetheAmericansneedto

（11）

theirkidstomoresophisticatedmathearlier.Unfortunately,expertssay,theteachersdon'trecognizethat

（12）

theseconceptsaretaughtisasimportantastheconceptsthemselves.Mosteducatorsrely

（13）

ontextbooksandrotelearning.Whilemanytextbookscover

（14）

ideas,mostdososuperficially,

（15）

studentswiththe,techniquesbutnotthemastery,ofthebroaderprinciples.

问题1选项

A.recorded

B.scored

C.gained

D.climbed

问题2选项

A.theleast

B.theless

C.theworst

D.theworse

问题3选项

A.carryout

B.figureout

C.countup

D.showup

问题4选项

A.village

B.leader

C.friend

D.country

问题5选项

A.what

B.where

C.when

D.which

问题6选项

A.ineffective

B.comparable

C.important

D.delighted

问题7选项

A.ignored

B.viewed

C.exaggerated

D.blamed

问题8选项

A.vastly

B.accurately

C.actually

D.merely

问题9选项

A.Asisknown

B.Tobeginwith

C.Notonlythat

D.Evenso

问题10选项

A.small

B.short

C.easy

D.poor

问题11选项

A.relate

B.expose

C.lead

D.instruct

问题12选项

A.where

B.why

C.how

D.whether

问题13选项

A.hard

B.exclusively

C.intentionally

D.consequently

问题14选项

A.advanced

B.colorful

C.controversial

D.ambitious

问题15选项

A.carrying

B.expecting

C.leaving

D.shaping

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:C

【解析】（1）考查动词辨析。record意为“记录，记载”；score意为“得分”；gain意为“获得”；climb意为“攀登”。由testedahalf-millionstudentsin41countries—Americaneighthgraders26belowtheworldaverageinmath.（在41个国家测试了50万学生，美国八年级学生的数学……低于全球平均水平）可知B选项最为恰当。

（2）考查逻辑关系。根据前句可知美国学生的数学成绩很差以及空格后面的top10percentofAmerica'smathstudentsscoredaboutthesameastheaveragekidintheglobal（前10%的美国数学系学生的得分与全球平均水平相当），可知theworst（最差的，最糟糕的）符合逻辑，此处表示“这一点还不是最糟糕的”。

（3）考查词组辨析。carryout意为“实施，执”；figureout意为“理解，弄清”；countup意为“计算总数”；showup意为“出现，揭露”。此处表示“弄清楚哪个国家在21世纪的技术市场占主导地位”，因此选B。

（4）考查逻辑关系。Singapore是theglobal____的同位语，由前面的whichcountrieswilldominatethetechnologymarketsofthe21stcentury（哪个国家在21世纪的技术市场占主导地位）可知leader（领导者，领袖）符合逻辑，指新加坡在数学上属于全球领先地位。

（5）考查定语从从句。空格处前后为两个完整的句子，用关系副词引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的theredays，因此用when引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语。

（6）考查形容词辨析。ineffective意为“无效果的”；comparable意为“可比较的”；important意为“重要的”；delighted意为“高兴的，愉快的”。此处表示“这项调查很重要”，因此选C。

（7）考查动词辨析。空格处为过问分词作定语修饰thefactor。ignore意为“忽视”；view意为“观看，查看”；exaggerate意为“夸张，夸大”；blame意为“把……归咎于，责怪”。此处表示“对美国学生表现不佳的原因进行指责”，因此选D。

（8）考查副词辨析。vastly意为“极大地”；accurately意为“正确无误地，准确地”；actually意为“实际上”；merely意为“仅仅，只不过”。由前面的Lazinessisnottheculprithere.（懒惰不是罪魁祸首），可知美国小学生实际上念书的时间比日本和德国都要长更符合语境，因此选C。

（9）考查逻辑关系。asisknown意为“众所周知”；tobeginwith意为“首先，起初；notonlythat意为“不仅如此”；evenso意为“虽然如此，即使如此”。由前面可知美国学生在课堂花的时间比德国和日本小孩要多，以及空格后的theygetmorehomework（他们有更多的家庭作业）可知此处表示递减关系，因此选C。

（10）考查逻辑关系。由后面句子ThestudyfoundthatlessonsforU.S.eighthgraderscontainedtopicsmasteredbyseventhgradersinothercountries.（这项研究发现，美国八年级学生的课程中包含了其他国家七年级学生掌握的课程）以及前句“教育工作者说，问题不在于孩子，而在于课程太……了”，可知easy（容易的）符合逻辑。

（11）考查动词辨析。relate意为“（把……）联系起来”；expose意为“暴露，显露，使面临”；lead意为“代领，领路”，leadto意为“导致”；instruct意为“指示，命令”。此处表示“教事实上，老师们也同意美国人需要更早地给他们的孩子接触更高的数学水平”，因此选B。

（12）考查名词性从句。此处表示“专家认为这种理念和如何教这些概念一样重要”，因此用how引导主语从句。

（13）考查副词辨析。空格处为副词修饰动词relyon。hard意为“努力地，费力地”；exclusively意为“排他地，独占地，完全地”；intentionally意为“有意地，故意地”；consequently意为“因此，所以”。此处表示“很多专家只信赖教科书和死记硬背”，因此选B。

（14）考查形容词辨析。advanced意为“先进的，高级的”；colorful意为“鲜艳的”；controversial意为“有争议的，引起争议的”；ambitious意为“有雄心的，有野心的”。由句中的while可知前后是转折关系，与superficially（浅薄地，肤浅地）相对的是advanced，因此选A。

（15）考查动词辨析。空格处为现在分词担当伴随状语。carry意为“运送，携带”；expect意为“期望”；leave意为“离开，丢弃”；shape意为“塑造”。此处表示“给学生留下的只是技巧而不是掌握更高深的理论”，因此选C。

5.单选题

Theatmosphereisamixtureofseveralgases.Thereareabouttenchemicalelementswhichremainpermanentlyingaseousformintheatmosphereunderallnaturalconditions.Ofthesepermanentgases,oxygenmakesupabout21percentandnitrogenabout78percent.Severalothergases,suchasargon,carbondioxide:hydrogen,neon,kiyptonandxenon,comprisetheremainingonepercentofthevolumeofdryair.Theamountofwatervaporanditsvariationsinamountanddistributionisofextraordinaryimportanceinweatherchanges.Atmosphericgasesholdinsuspensiongreatquantitiesofdust,pollen,smoke,andotherimpuritieswhicharealwayspresentinconsiderable,butvariableamounts.

Theatmospherehasnodefiniteupperlimitsbutgraduallythinsuntilitbecomesimperceptible.Untilrecentlyitwasassumedthattheairabovethefirstfewmilesgraduallygrewthinnerandcolderataconstantrate.Itwasalsoassumedthatupperairhadlittleinfluenceonweatherchanges.Recentstudiesoftheupperatmosphere,currentlybeingconductedbyearthsatellitesandmissileprobing,haveshowntheseassumptionstobeincorrect.Theatmospherehasthreewell-definedstrata.

Thelayeroftheairnexttotheearth,whichextendsupwardforabouttenmiles,isknownasthetroposphere.Onthewhole,itmakesupabout75percentofalltheweightoftheatmosphere.Itisthewarmestpartoftheatmospherebecausemostofthesolarradiationisabsorbedbytheearth’ssurfacewhichwarmstheairimmediatelysurroundingit.Asteadydecreaseoftemperaturewithincreasingelevationisamoststrikingcharacteristic.Theupperlayersarecolderbecauseoftheirgreaterdistancefromtheearth’ssurfaceandrapidradiationofheatintospace.Thetemperatureswithinthetropospheredecreaseabout3.5degreesper1,000feetincreaseinaltitude.Withinthetroposphere,windsandaircurrentsdistributeheatandmoisture.Strongwinds,calledjetstreams,arelocatedattheupperlevelsofthetroposphere.Thesejetstreamsarebothcomplexandwidespreadinoccurrence.Theynormallyshowawave-shapedpatternandmovefromwesttoeastatvelocitiesof150mph,butvelocitiesashighas400mphhavebeennoted.Theinfluencesofchanginglocationsandstrengthsofjetstreamsuponweatherconditionsandpatternsarenodoubtconsiderable.Currentintensiveresearchmayeventuallyrevealtheirtruesignificance.

Abovethetropospheretoaheightofabout50milesisazonecalledthestratosphere.Thestratosphereisseparatedfromthetropospherebyazoneofuniformtemperaturescalledthetropopause.Withinthelowerportionsofthestratosphereisalayerofozonegaseswhichfiltersoutmostoftheultravioletraysfromthesun.Theozonelayervarieswithairpressure.Ifthiszonewerenotthere,thefullblastofthesun'sultravioletlightwouldburnourskins,blindoureyes,andeventuallyresultinourdestruction.Withinthestratosphere,thetemperatureandatmosphericcompositionarerelativelyuniform.

Thelayerupwardofabout50milesisthemostfascinatingbuttheleastknownofthethreestrata.Itiscalledtheionospherebecauseitconsistsofelectricallychargedparticlescalledions,thrownfromthesun.Thenorthernlights(auroraborealis)originatewithinthishighlychargedportionoftheatmosphere.Itseffectuponweatherconditions,ifany,isasyetunknown.

1.Ajetplanewillusuallyhaveitsbestaveragerateofspeedonitsrunfrom（

）.

2.AtthetopofJungfrau,whichtowers12,000feetabovethetownofInterlakeninSwitzerland,thetemperatureisusually

（

）.

3.Lifeasweknowitexistsontheearthbecausetheatmosphere

（

）.

4.Thetroposphereisthewarmestpartoftheatmospherebecauseit

（

）.

5.Studiesoftheatmospheremayreveal（

）.

问题1选项

A.NewYorktoSanFrancisco

B.LosAngelestoNewYork

C.LondontoWashingtonD.C.

D.BermudatoNewYork

问题2选项

A.about75degreescolderthaninInterlaken

B.about42degreescolderthanontheground

C.warmerthaninInterlaken

D.affectedbytheionosphere

问题3选项

A.containsalayerofozonegases

B.containselectricallychargedparticles

C.carriestheultravioletraysofthesun

D.providesthechangesinweather

问题4选项

A.containselectricallychargedparticles

B.radiatesheatintospace

C.haswindsandaircurrentthatdistributetheheat

D.iswarmedbytheearth’sheat

问题5选项

A.thesourceofthesun’senergy

B.itstrueeffectupontheearth'sweather

C.thenatureoftheauroraborealis

D.howtocontrolultravioletrays

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。定位到第三段中“Theynormallyshowawave-shapedpatternandmovefromwesttoeastatvelocitiesof150mph,butvelocitiesashighas400mphhavebeennoted.它们通常呈波浪状，以150英里每小时的速度从西向东移动，但也有人注意到速度高达400英里每小时。再由地理知识“洛杉矶位于美国西海岸，纽约位于美国东部海岸”可知B项从洛杉矶到纽约正确。

2.判断推理题。由第三段中Thelayeroftheairnexttotheearth,whichextendsupwardforabouttenmiles,isknownasthetroposphere.以及thetemperatureswithinthetropospheredecreaseabout3.5degreesper1,000feetincreaseinaltitude.地球层旁边的空气，向上延伸大约10英里，被称为对流层。对流层的温度每上升1000英尺，就会下降3.5度。题干中高度为12000英尺，故温度应为（12,000/1000）×3.5=42度。

3.细节事实题。定位到第四段中“Ifthiszonewerenotthere,thefullblastofthesun'sultravioletlightwouldbumourskins,blindoureyes,andeventuallyresultinourdestruction.如果没有这个区域（臭氧层），太阳紫外线的强烈照射会灼伤我们的皮肤，使我们失明，最终导致我们的毁灭。”可知与A项相符。

4.细节事实题。定位到第三段中“Itisthewarmestpartoftheatmospherebecausemostofthesolarradiationisabsorbedbytheearth’ssurfacewhichwarmstheairimmediatelysurroundingit.它（即对流层）是大气层中最暖和的，因为大多数的太阳辐射被地球表面吸收，而地球表面对其周围的大气进行加热。可知对流层因吸收地表热量成为大气层中最暖和的。D项正确。

5.细节事实题。定位到第三段中“Theinfluencesofchanginglocationsandstrengthsofjetstreamsuponweatherconditionsandpatternsarenodoubtconsiderable.“依据天气状况和模式来改变急流的位置和强度的影响无疑是相当大的。及最后一段中“Itseffectuponweatherconditions,ifany,isasyetunknown.它对天气状况的影响，如果有的话，也是未知的。”可知B项“对地球天气的真正影响”正确。

6.翻译题

中国是世界文明的发源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中国古代思想史上，涌现出了许许多多杰出的思想家，为中华民族乃至整个人类留下了丰富的思想遗产。这些思想成果独树一帜，在漫长的历史中又不断地被阐释、被发展，很多思想对于今天的中国乃至世界而言，仍然历久弥新，极具生命力。比如，儒家学派创始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不仅在当代中国，在其他亚洲国家也一直备受推崇。

【答案】Chinaisoneofthebirthplacesoftheworldcivilizationwhichhasa5,000-yearhistory.TherearemanyoutstandingideologistsinChineseancientthoughthistorythatleftarichideologicalheritageforourChinaandeventhewholemankind.Theideologicalachievementswereveryuniqueandconstantlyexplainedanddevelopedinthelonghistory.Today,someofthesethoughtsarestilllivelyandfullofvitalityfortoday’sChinaandthewholeworld.Forexample,theidealof“benevolence”andthe“harmony”thoughtofConfuciuswhoistheoriginatorofConfucianschoolhavebeenpraisedhighlybyChinaandotherAsiancountriesatpresent.

7.单选题

Theofwomantomanatouruniversityisaboutfivetofour.

问题1选项

A.rate

B.proportion

C.portion

D.percentage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项raten.比率，率，等级；B选项proportionn.比例，占比，面积；C选项portionn.部分，份数；D选项percentagen.百分比，百分数。根据搭配，proportion...to...表示“（两者）比例”，因此，B项为正确答案。

8.不定项选择题

ConfessionsbyIslamicfundamentalistsunderthecommandofBinLaden’sdeputy,haverevealedbow—yearsbeforetheSeptember11attacks—theterroristsestablishedsleepercellsacrossthewesternworldandwereplanningcomplicatedattacks.

Inmorethan10,000pagesofEgyptianstatesecuritydocuments,BritainisnamedasoneofthekeybasesofAl-Zawahift’sIslamicJihadorganization.ThreeleadingmemberofitsrulingcouncilwerebasedinLondonanditwasalsoanimportantfundraisingcenter,makingmoneythroughfanningandevenrestoringhousesinLondon.

Amongtheterroristleader’sagentslivinginAmericaintheearly1990swereacommunicationsspecialist,aspecialforcerofficer,twowealthydoctorsandachainoffundraisers.OneoperativewithAmericancitizenship,codenamedAdam,wasplantedintheUnitedStatesin1987andthenhelpedtoco-ordinatecommunications,sendfalsedocumentationandfinanceterrorists.Adam,thesonofanEgyptAirpilot,wasalsoinstructedtogetflighttraining.Anotheragent,aformerEgyptianspecialforcesofficer,workedwiththeAmericanarmybeforeprovidingpersonalsecurityadvicetoBinLadeninSudanin1992.

CompiledbytheEgyptianDefenseMinistry,thedocumentsprovidethemostauthoritativeaccountyetoftheIslamicJihadorganizationandofAl-Zawahiri,whommanysuspecttheinspirationbehindtheSeptember11attacks.Oneofthemostimportanthijackers,MohammedAtta,wasanEgyptianfromCairo.He,too,issuspectedofbeingamemberofAl-Zawahiriorganization.

ThedocumentsrevealhowIslamicJihad,nowconsideredpartofBinLaden’sAl-Qaedanetwork,wasbeingfundedinEgyptfromBinLaden’spersonalfortunefromtheearly1990s.AbaseinSantaClara,California,wasusedfrom1990tocoordinatecommunicationswithterrorists’Cellsaroundtheworld,includingBinLaden’sSudanesebase.OtheroperativeswerebasedinNewYork.AmericanarmymanualsandtopographicalmapsweretranslatedintoArabicforterroristtraining.SourcesoffundsoftheterroristnetworkincludedthesugartradeandsheeprearinginAlbaniaaswellastherenovationofoldhousesinLondon.

HaniAl-Sibai,athirdallegedmemberoftheshuraatthattime,liveswithhiswifeandfivechildreninHammersmith,westLondon.SourcessayhehassplitwithAl-Zawahiri,atleastsince1999.Al-Sibai,alawyer,deniesanylinkwithIslamicJihad.HesaidhehadknownAl-Zawahiriinthepastbutwashimselfa“quietman”whohadnevercommittedacrime.

1.Accordingtothetext,confessionsofIslamicfundamentaliststellshow（）

2.Fromthetext,welearnthat（）

3.Thetextsuggeststhat（）

4.AccordingtoEgyptianDefenseMinistry,whoisthesuspectofSeptember11attacks?

5.Bysayingthathehimselfisa“quietman”,Al-Sibaimeansthat（）

问题1选项

A.Laden’sdeputyestablishedsleepingplacesinEurope.

B.terroristssetupfootholdsaswellasarrangedattacks.

C.September11attackswasoriginatedandplanned.

D.Ladenstrengthenedhispowerinwesternworld.

问题2选项

A.thefundforterroristorganizationwasraisedthroughdonationandinvestment.

B.terroristsinAmericaaremorehorriblethanthoseinBritain.

C.onemajortaskforterroristorganizationsinwestistoraisemoney.

D.theleadersoftheterroristorganizationsmustbeveryrich.

问题3选项

A.westerncountriesaresuitableforthedevelopmentofterroristorganization.

B.thereisaconnectionamongtheterroristsbasesaroundtheworld.

C.Laden’sdeputyisinchargeofthetrainingofthenewterrorists.

D.Londonisthecenterforworld-wideterroristbases.

问题4选项

A.Jihadorganization.

B.BinLaden.

C.Adam.

D.Al-Zawahiri.

问题5选项

A.heisnotgoodatgivingaspeechinthepublic.

B.hischaracterisonthecontraryofAl-Zawahiri’s.

C.hedidnottakeanyillegalactionsinthepast.

D.hesplitwithAl-Zawahirisince1999.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:段落大意题。答案定位到第一段，“theterroristsestablishedsleepercellsacrossthewesternworldandwereplanningcomplicatedattacks.”可以知道这份文件告诉我们恐怖分子是如何在城市里立足并且组织袭击的，答案为B。

第2题:文章细节题。题干问我们能从全文中得到什么，根据每个选项的细节定位到相应的句子，A项不对，恐怖分子赚钱的主要方式就是帮别人修缮房屋，并没有投资一项；B项属于无关项，全文未提及；C项正确，恐怖分子去西方想要生存必须要赚钱才能生活；D项未提及，答案为C。

第3题:细节推断题。A项错误，文章并未提及为何恐怖分子选择西方国家作为根据地；B项从第五段“wasusedfrom1990tocoordinatecommunicationswithterrorists’Cellsaroundtheworld”可以得出，全世界的恐怖组织是有联系的，B正确；C项错误，Laden的组织一直在进行恐怖袭击，并没有训练新恐怖分子；D项也不对，全文都没有说过这个，只是说英国是Al-Zawahiriorganization的中心据点，并不代表是全世界恐怖组织的中心。

第4题:细节推断题。答案在第四段，“Oneofthemostimportanthijackers,MohammedAtta,…beingamemberofAl-Zawahiriorganization.”可以看出主犯之一也是属于Al-Zawahiriorganization的，因此EgyptianDefenseMinistry认为911的凶手是Al-Zawahiriorganization，答案为D。

第5题:词义推断题。答案就在这个单词的后面给出，Al-Sibai说之前是认识他，但是他“butwashimselfa‘quietman’whohadnevercommittedacrime”，意思就是他之前从不干违法的事情，答案C为原文转述项，当选。

9.单选题

Amanwhobecomesconsciousoftheresponsibilityhebearstowardahumanbeingwhoaffectionatelywaitsforhim,won’tbeabletothrowawayhislife.Heknowsthe“（）’’forhisexistence,andwillbeabletobearany“（

）”.

问题1选项

A.how...why

B.why...how

C.when...Why

D.where...how

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。how表方式，why表原因，when表时间，where表地点，根据题意，他知道她存在的原因和意义，可知第一空填why。句意：一个人如果意识到他对一个深情地等待着他的人所承担的责任，他就不能抛弃自己的生命。因为他会意识到自己存在的原因，并且能够承受未来的一切。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Ican’t___whathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.

问题1选项

A.figureout

B.drawout

C.lookout

D.workout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组。A选项figureout“了解，弄清楚”；B选项drawout“拉长”；C选项lookout“留神，小心”；D选项workout“解决出，算出”。句意：我不知道这些蔬菜怎么了，因为它们是今天早上刚摘的。结合句意，A选项正确。

11.单选题

MurovyovkaNaturePark,aprivatenaturereserve,istheresultofthevisionanddeterminationofoneman,SergeiSmirenski.TheMoscowUniversityProfessorhasgainedthesupportofinternationalfundsaswellaslocalofficials,businessmenandCollectivefarms.

Thankstohisefforts,theagriculturalprojectisalsounderwaytocreateanexperimentalfarmtoteachlocalfarmershowtofarmwithoutthetraditionallyheavyuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizers.TwoWisconsinfarmers,DonandEllenPadley,spentlastsummerpreparinglandinTanbovkadistrict,wheretheparkislocated，andtheywillreturnthissummertoplantit.

SpecialistsfromtheUniversityofUtahalsocametostudythelocalcattleindustry,lookingtodeveloppossibilitiesforbeefexportstoJapan.

Separately,10NewJerseyschoolteacherswillspendthesummerinthedistrictrunningsummercampsforthelocalchildrenthatwillstressfieldtripsandlecturesonthenaturearoundthem.

Theseprograms,particularlytheagriculturalproject,aregettingsomesupportfromtheUnitedStates,includingfundingfromtheMacArthurFoundation,theRockefellerBrothersFund,andtheUSAgencyforInternationalDevelopment.TheTrustforMutualUnderstandingandtheWeedierFoundationarealsosupportingtheInternationalCraneFoundation'sworkincreatingthepark.

TheWorldBankisfundingasmallprojecttostudythepossibilitiesforecotourismintheAinubasinregion.DeltaDreamVacations,aDeltaAirlinessubsidiary,islookingintoflightstoKhabarovskandVladivostokforecologytours,withsomeofthemoneygoingtosupportthezapovedniks(totallywildpreservesusedonlyforscientificresearch)intheregion.

ButthismoneyhasalsogeneratedajealousattemptbythelocalwildlifeservicetoblocktheMurovyovkaproject.

Theysaid,"Giveustheirmoney,andwe'lldoitbetter,"Smirenskisays.Theywenttothelocalcourttogetacourtordertohaltthecontract.Althoughtheyweresuccessfulatthatlevel,theAtomregionalgovernment,withencouragementfromMoscow,hasalreadymovedtoreversethedecisionasillegal.

"Idon'tpayattentiontothisnegativeside."Smirenskisayscharacteristicoptimisticfashion."Idecidedweshouldcontinuetocreate."

BeyondMurovyovka,thereareevenvastergrasslandsandwetlandsintheAmurbasinthatarevitalnestingareasforrarebirdssuchastheeasternwhitestork,andthered-crowned,white-napped;andhoodedcranes.Acomplexof100,000hectares,forexample,lieslargelyunprotectedinZhuravalini[literally"aplaceforcranes"]downstreamfromMurovyovkA.Creationofanationalpark,alongfortouristuse,hasbeenproposedforthisarea.

Akeypartoftheconservationstrategyistogainthesupportofregionalgovernmentsbygettingthemtoseethatsuchinternationallybackednatureprojectscanleadtobusinessandotherties,particularlytocountrieslikeJapanandChinA.Forexample,thecranesthatnestinRussiahavebeentrackedbysatellitetowinteringgroundsinIzumi,onJapan'ssouthernKyushuIslanD.Thislinkagehasprovedusefulbringingregionalofficialsfrombothcountriestogether.

Lastsummer,100JapaneseschoolchildrenfromtheTamaregionoutsideofTokyocametoKhabarovskontheAmentoexperiencethekindofuntouchednaturethathasdisappearedfromJapan.Aspartoftheexchange,theMayorofTamadonated26secondhandfiretruckstohiscounterpart.

"AfterthisthemayorofKhabarovsksaid,NowIwilllistentoyou,aboutyourbirdsandallyourproblems.'"RecountsSmirenski.Nowtheofficialsunderstandwhatcranesmeantothem."

1.Aprobablegoaloftheagriculturalprojectisto（）.

2.Summercampsintheareawill（）.

3.Projectsconnectedwiththedevelopmentofthenatureparkare（）.

4.Thezapovedniksappear（）.

5.ThepassageimpliesthatprojectslikeMurovyovka（）.

问题1选项

A.reducepollutioninreservefarmlands

B.induceUnitedNationscooperation

C.learnhowlocalfarmsareoperated

D.importnewbreedsoffarmanimals

问题2选项

A.bedesignedforforeignvisitors

B.beeducational

C.attractscientistsandecologists

D.housefieldlaborersandtheirfamiliesNormal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

问题3选项

A.selfsustaining

B.narrowinscopeandvision

C.attractingworld-wideattention

D.amassingscientificdata

问题4选项

A.eagertosupporttheNaturePark

B.opposedtooutsidefunding

C.enviousofthePark'ssuccess

D.tohavelegaljurisdictionofthearea

问题5选项

A.faceinsurmountablefinancialproblems

B.taketoomuchfromlocalresidents

C.increasetheneedforfireengines

D.canpromoteinternationalcooperation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词agriculturalproject定位到原文第二段“Thankstohisefforts,theagriculturalprojectisalsounderwaytocreateanexperimentalfarmtoteachlocalfarmershowtofarmwithoutthetraditionallyheavyuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizers.”，中文翻译：由于他的努力，农业项目也在进行中，是为了建立一个试验性农场，教当地农民在不使用大量杀虫剂和化肥这一传统方法的情况下如何耕作。综合考虑，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词summercamps定位到原文“Separately,10NewJerseyschoolteacherswillspendthesummerinthedistrictrunningsummercampsforthelocalchildrenthatwillstressfieldtripsandlecturesonthenaturearoundthem.”，中文翻译：另外，10名新泽西学校的教师将在该地区为当地儿童举办夏令营，这些夏令营将强调实地考察和关于周围大自然的讲座。因此最佳答案为B选项。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位到原文“Theseprograms,particularlytheagriculturalproject,aregettingsomesupportfrom...”，中文翻译：“这些项目，特别是农业项目，正得到多方支持，如……”可以推断出答案选择C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词zapovedniks定位到原文“…withsomeofthemoneygoingtosupportthezapovedniks(totallywildpreservesusedonlyforscientificresearch)intheregion.”中文翻译为：部分资金将用于支持该地区的zapovedniks(仅用于科学研究的野生保护区)。以及文章中“ButthismoneyhasalsogeneratedajealousattemptbythelocalwildlifeservicetoblocktheMurovyovkaproject.”，中文翻译为：这笔钱也引起了当地野生动物机构的嫉妒，以阻止穆罗维约夫项目。可知，C项符合题目描述。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文“Akeypartoftheconservationstrategyistogainthesupportofregionalgovernmentsbygettingthemtoseethatsuchinternationallybackednatureprojectscanleadtobusinessandotherties,particularlytocountrieslikeJapanandChina.”，中文翻译为：保护战略的一个关键点是通过让地方政府认识到这种国际支持的自然项目能够建立商业和其他联系，特别是与日本和中国这样的国家建立联系，从而获得区域政府的支持。可知。D选项正确。

12.单选题

SamuelSlaterwasborninBelper,England,in1768.OncompletionofhissevenyearapprenticeshipinanEnglishspinningmill,hewasapparentlysoworriedaboutthegrowth,andhencesaturation,oftheindustryintheUnitedKingdomthat,in1789,withouttheknowledgeofhisfamily,SlatertraveledtoAmericaattheageof21.Thiswasdoneinsecret;itwasillegalatthetimetoexportanythingtotheU.S.relatingtomachinery,includingengineers.Also,theU.S.wasofferingrewardsfortextileinformation.

ArrivinginNewYork,itwasnotlongbeforehelearnedoftheexperimentalworkofMosesBrownandWilliamAlmy,inPawtucket,withmoreadvancedmachinesthantheSpinningJennysusedinNewYork.Initiallywithoutanycontract,andworkingalongsidetheengineersalreadyemployedattheAlmyandBrownmill,SlatersuccessfullyreworkedaspinningframealongthelinesofArkwright’sWaterFrame.ThisthreemonthsofworkresultedinapartnershipwithAlmyandBrown.Heunderstoodthewholespinningprocessandknewwhichmachineswerevitaltooverallsuccessofamill.

However,thatmanagementtrainingandknowledgereallycameintoitsownoverthenexttwoyearsasSlaterlaboredtoeducatetheembryonictextileindustryandbusinessmeninthetechniquesthathadprovedsosuccessfulinBelper.Withoutthese,Slaterbelievedtheindustrywouldnotflourish.Inparticular,hisaimwastomaximizetheoutputfromthemachineryanddevelopthemarketplaceinordertosellalltheyarnthatcouldbeproduced.Priortothis,thephilosophyofAlmyandBrownwastoproduceonlytoorder.By1792,Slaterhadproved,throughtheuseofhisBelper-learnedmanagementtechniques,thathecouldmakespinningaprofitablebusiness.ThisledtobuildingtheOldSlaterMill—thefirstsuccessfulU.S.cottonspinningmill.Slater’sviewwastoconcentrateonaspecificaspectandspecialize.Theotherpartnersbelievedincoveringthewholetextileprocessthroughtofinished