考研考博-英语-南通航运职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南通航运职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Languageelementsaretoaliteraturework（

）constructionmaterialstoabuilding.

问题1选项

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。结合句意可知are后面缺个名词做表语，只有what可以，句意为：语言对于文学作品而言就如建筑材料对于建筑物一样。故答案选C。

2.单选题

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

问题1选项

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

问题2选项

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

问题3选项

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

问题5选项

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘受流行趋势的影响，作者做什么？’根据文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服装的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，无论好坏，我都在节食。”确定C选项“不得不节食”正确。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘在作者看来，现在奇怪的现象是什么？’根据第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有钱也不能太瘦。这句话经常被认为是已故温莎公爵夫人说的，它体现了我们这个时代的许多古怪精神。苗条被认为是一种美德。”以及根据第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情况正好相反。我们已经把瘦变成了美德的新标志。”可知，作者认为现在奇怪的现象是B选项“苗条被认为是一种非常理想的品质”。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘人类历史上人们对体重的看法？’根据文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教团体中，财富是救赎和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖则是财富和幸福的象征。”确定A选项“与他们的宗教信仰密切相关”正确。

4.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者对那些专注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根据文章倒数第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在许多情况下，肥胖与增加心血管疾病的风险息息相关。不过除了超重，这些疾病也同样与我们的生活方式及高脂肪饮食习惯有很大关系。患消化系统癌症的相关风险可能更主要是饮食而非体重问题——食物高脂肪低纤维。”以及最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人认为他们自然而然就可保持健康，从而不注意总体生活方式，实际上会很危险。”可知作者提出肥胖、生活方式与疾病的关系，确定D选项“他们应该更加关注他们的整体生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者从什么方面批评了女性对瘦身的痴迷？’根据最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些变瘦的人(或已经变瘦的人)认为他们天生就健康，因此不关注他们的整体生活方式，这实际上是危险的。瘦可以是纯粹的虚荣。”确定作者从健康方面和虚荣心方面批评了女性对瘦身的痴迷，B选项正确。

3.单选题

Moviedirectorsusemusicto（

）theactiononthescreen.

问题1选项

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.contemplate

D.complement

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contaminate“污染”；compliment“恭维”；contemplate“沉思，注视”；complement“补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Itwasshamefulthattheargument（

）ahandfight..

问题1选项

A.endedin

B.cameto

C.endedup

D.culminatedin

【答案】D

【解析】句意:争论以大打出手而告终真是可耻。

短语辨析。endin以…告终;cometo苏醒，发生;endup最后成了……;culminatein以……告终,但强调以高潮结朿.由题干关键信息大打出手判断D最符合。

5.单选题

Allanimals,especiallythesmallkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.TheinitialshockofSept.11haswornoff,andthefearhaslifted,butmillionsofAmericanscontinuetoshareakindofgeneralizedmassanxiety.ArecentTIME/CNNpollfoundthateightmonthsaftertheevent,nearlytwo-thirdsofAmericansthinkabouttheterrorattacksatleastseveraltimesaweek.Anditdoesn’ttakemuchforalltheoldfearstocomerushingback.Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.

Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger—andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere’sadeadlinelooming―anxietybecomesaproblemwhenitpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediatethreat.Sometimesthere’sanobviouscause,aswiththeshell-shockedsoldiersofWorldWarIortheterror-scarredciviliansoftheWorldTradeCentercollapse.Othertimes,wedon’tknowwhywecan’tstopworrying.

Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone’slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.Initsvariousforms,rangingfromveryspecificphobiastogeneralizedanxietydisorder,itafflicts19millionAmericans(see“AreYouTooAnxious?”).

Inrecentyears,however,researchershavemadesignificantprogressinnailingdowntheunderlyingscienceofanxiety.Injustthepastdecade,theyhavecometoappreciatethatwhateverthefactorsthattriggeranxiety,itgrowsoutofaresponsethatishardwiredinourbrains.Theyhavelearned,amongotherthings:

—Thereisageneticcomponenttoanxiety;somepeopleseemtobebornworriers.

—Brainscanscanrevealdifferencesinthewaypatientswhosufferfromanxietydisordersrespondtodangersignals.

—Duetoashortcutinourbrain’sinformation-processingsystem,wecanrespondtothreatsbeforewebecomeawareofthem.

—Therootofananxietydisordermaynotbethethreatthattriggersitbutabreakdowninthemechanismthatkeepstheanxietyresponsefromcareeringoutofcontrol.

Beforewedelveintothelatestresearch,let’sdefineafewterms.Thoughweallhaveourownintuitivesenseofwhatthewordsstressandfearmean,scientistsusethesewordsinveryspecificways.Forthem,stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear,butit’safeelingthatlingerslongafterthestresshasliftedandthethreathaspassed.

Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.Evenmostpeopleareascluelessaboutwhytheyhavecertainfeelingsastheyareabouthowtheirlungswork.Butfearistheonceaspectofanxietythat’seasytorecognize.Ratsfreezeinplace.Humansbreakoutinacoldsweat.Heartbeatsrace,andbloodpressurerises.Thatgivesscientistssomethingtheycancontrolandmeasure.

Indeed,alotofwhatresearchershavelearnedaboutthebiologyofanxietycomesfromscaringratsandthencuttingthemopen.Theresearchersdestroysmallportionsoftherats’brainstoseewhateffectthathasontheirreactions(anexperimentthatwouldbeimpossibletoconductinhumans).Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat’sbrain.

Thejourneybeginswhenarat(we’llgettohumanslater)feelsthestress,inthiscaseanelectricshock.Therat’ssensesimmediatelysendamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain,wherethestimulusactivatestwoneuralpathways.Oneofthesepathwaysisarelativelylong,circuitousroute(迂回路径)throughthecortex(脑皮层)wherethebraindoesitsmostelaborateandaccurateprocessingofinformation.Theotherrouteisakindofemergencyshortcutthatquicklyreachesanalmond-shapedclusterofcellscalledtheamygdala(扁桃体).

What’sspecialabouttheamygdalaisthatitcanquicklyactivatejustabouteverysysteminthebodytofightlikethedevilorrunlikecrazy.It’snotdesignedtobeaccurate,justfast.Ifyouhaveevergonehikingandbeenstartledbyasnakethatturnedouttobeastick,youcanthankyouramygdala.

Butwhiletheamygdalaisbusytellingthebodywhattodo,italsofiresupanearbycurvedclusterofneuronscalledthehippocampus(大脑侧面室脑壁上的隆起物).(A16thcenturyanatomistnameditaftertheGreekwordforseahorse.)Thejobofthehippocampusistohelpthebrainlearnandformnewmemories.Andnotjustanymemories.Thehippocampusallowsarattorememberwhereitwaswhenitgotshockedandwhatwasgoingonarounditatthetime.Suchcontextuallearninghelpsthepoorrodentavoiddangerousplacesinthefuture.Itprobablyalsohelpsitrecognizewhatsituationsarelikelytoberelativelysafe.Thismakessense,intermsofsurvival.Afterall,it’sbettertopanicunnecessarilythantobetoorelaxedinthefaceoflife-threateningdanger.

Discoveringthisbasicneuralcircuitryturnedouttobeakeybreakthroughinunderstandinganxiety.Itshowedthattheanxietyresponseisn’tnecessarilycausedbyanexternalthreat;rather,itmaybetracedtoabreakdowninthemechanismthatsignalsthebraintostopresponding.Justasacarcangooutofcontrolduetoeitherastuckacceleratororfailedbrakes,it’snotalwaysclearwhichpartofthebrainisatfault.Itmayturnoutthatsomeanxietydisordersarecausedbyanoveractiveamygdala(theaccelerator)whileothersarecausedbyanunderactiveprefrontalcortex(callitthebrake).

Ofcourse,whatyouwouldreallyliketoknowiswhetheranyoftheworkdoneinratsappliestohumans.Clearlyresearcherscan’tgoaroundperformingbrainsurgeryontheamygdalasoflivingpatientstoseeifitaffectstheiranxietylevels.Butthefascinatingcaseofawomanknownonlybyherresearchnumber,SM046,suggeststhatwhenitcomestofear,rodentsandhominidsreallyaren’tsodifferent.

Owingtoanunusualbraindisorder,SM046hasadefectiveamygdala.Asaresult,herbehaviorisabnormalinaveryparticularway.WhenscientistsattheUniversityofIowashowSM046picturesofaseriesoffaces,shehasnotroublepickingoutthosethatarehappy,sadorangry.Butifthefaceisdisplayingfear,shecannotrecognizethefeeling.Sheidentifiesitasafaceexpressing,someintenseemotion,butthatisall.HerunusualconditionstronglysuggeststhateveninHomosapiens,feartakesholdintheamygdala.

Eventually,researcherswouldliketolearnwhatroleourgenes,asopposedtoourenvironment,playinthedevelopmentofanxiety.“Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatthesedisordersruninfamilies.”saysKennethKendler,apsychiatricgeneticistatVirginiaCommonwealthUniversityinRichmond,Va.“Sothenextlogicalquestionisthenature-nurtureissue.”Inotherwords,areanxiouspeoplebornthatway,ordotheybecomeanxiousasaresultoftheirlifeexperiences?

Kendlerandhiscolleaguesapproachedthequestionbystudyinggroupsofidenticaltwins,whosharevirtuallyalltheirgenes,andfraternaltwins,who,likeanyothersiblings,shareonlysomeofthem.WhatKendler’sgroupfoundwasthatbothidenticaltwinsweresomewhatmorelikelythanbothfraternaltwinstosufferfromgeneralizedanxietydisorder,phobiasorpanicattacks.(Theresearchershavenotyetstudiedtwinswithpost-traumaticstressdisorderorobsessive-compulsivedisorder.)

Thecorrelationisn’t100%,however.“Mostoftheheritabilityisintherangeof30%to40%,”Kendlersays.That’safairlymoderategeneticimpact,henotes,“Yourgenessetyourgeneralvulnerability,”heconcludes.“Youcanbealow-vulnerable,intermediate-vulnerableorahigh-vulnerableperson.”Butyourupbringingandyourexperiencesstillhaveamajorroletoplay.Someonewithalowgeneticvulnerability,forexample,couldeasilydevelopafearofflyingaftersurvivingahorrificplanecrash.

Therearenoguidebookstotellyouwhenit’ssafetoventureoutagain.Inmanyways,thewholecountrywasmadepartofanunwittingexperimentinmassanxiety.Ourbrainsareevennowintheprocessofrewiringthemselves.Howsuccessfullywenavigatethisdelicatetransitionwilldependalotonourgenes,ourenvironmentandanyfutureattacks.

1.Anxietycanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhen（

）.

2.NowintheUnitedStates,about19millionpeoplearesufferingfrom

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutfearisNOTtrue?

4.Generally,scientistsfindithardtostudyemotionsbecause

（

）.

5.Asfeartravelsthroughtherat'sbrain,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearby（

）.

问题1选项

A.thereisanobviouscauseofanxiety.

B.weknowwhywecanstopworrying

C.itpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediate

D.thereisadeadlinelooming.

问题2选项

A.terrorwarning

B.mentalillness

C.anxietydisorder

D.physicaldanger

问题3选项

A.Fearistheexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger.

B.Fearistheshort-termresponsestressesproduceinmen.

C.Fearhasalotofthesamesymptomsasanxiety.

D.Fearistheaspectofanxietythatiseasytorecognize.

问题4选项

A.theyarethenatureofhumanbeings

B.onlyfeariseasytorecognize

C.mostpeopleareasclueless

D.theyareslipperyandsubjective

问题5选项

A.studyingitsreactionafterbeingcutoffsomeportionsofbrain

B.sendingamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain

C.measuringitsbloodpressure

D.matchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger—andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere'sadeadlinelooming（这是焦虑的奥秘之一。虽然这是对身体危险的正常反应，但在最后期限即将来临的时候，它可以成为集中注意力的有用工具）可知选D。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的itafflicts19millionAmericans（它折磨着1,900万美国人）可知句中的“it”指代前面提及的“Anxietydisorder”，因此选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第五段中的stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear（压力是一种外部刺激，通常通过引起疼痛来发出危险信号。恐惧是短期反应，这种压力会在男性、女性或实验室老鼠身上产生。焦虑和恐惧有很多相同的症状。）和第六段中的Butfearistheonceaspectofanxietythat'seasytorecognize（但恐惧是焦虑的一方面，很容易识别）可知A表示不正确，根据题干中的“NOTtrue”，因此选A。

4.细节事实题。由文章第六段中的Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.（一般来说，科学很难压制情绪，因为它们天生就很滑和主观）可知选D。

5.细节事实题。由文章第七段中的Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat'sbrain.（通过努力将受损的区域与行为的变化相匹配，科学家们一点点地创造了一张在老鼠大脑中传播的恐惧路线图）可知D选项“将受损区域与行为变化相匹配”符合题意。

6.单选题

Itishardtothinkofafieldinwhichitisnotimportantto（

）whatislikelytohappenandactaccordingly.

问题1选项

A.lookout

B.figureout

C.turnout

D.pointout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。lookout“注意；当心”；figureout“解决；算出”；turnout“（以某种方式）发生；结果是”；pointout“指出；指明”。句意：很难想象在某一个领域知道接下来可能发生什么并且采取了相应的行动这种做法不重要。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

I've（）mytrustIshouldn'thavebelievedinhimsomuch.

问题1选项

A.misplaced

B.mislaid

C.displaced

D.misappropriated

【答案】A

【解析】misplaced错放,把（感情等）寄托于不值得寄托对象；mislaid放错,把...放在记不起来的地方,遗失；displaced取代；misappropriated侵占,滥用,盗用。句意：我错把信任放在他身上,不应该那么相信他。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Thesegoodsare（）forexport,thoughafewofthemmaybesoldonthehomemarket.

问题1选项

A.essentially

B.completely

C.necessarily

D.remarkably

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项essentially“基本地”；B选项completely“完全地”；C选项necessarily“必要地”；D选项remarkably“显著地”。句意：这些货物主要用于出口，但也有一些可能在国内市场销售。本句表示货物基本上用于出口，部分在国内销售。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Atthissinglepointintheinterior,therehasbeeninsomefardistantage,agreatsuddenvolcanic（）.

问题1选项

A.uprising

B.uplifting

C.upheaval

D.upbringing

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。uprising“升起的”；uplifting“令人振奋的”；upheaval“剧变”；upbringing“教养，抚育”。本句意为“内陆的这个地方，在遥远的年代曾发生过巨大的火山剧变”，upheaval符合题意。因此C正确。

10.单选题

Whenhewasaccusedofbeinga（

），heretortedhewasnotaquack.

问题1选项

A.traitor

B.prodigy

C.charlatan

D.plagiarist

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项traitor“叛徒”；B选项prodigy“奇迹；奇才”；C选项charlatan“骗子”；D选项plagiarist“剽窃者；抄袭者”。句意：当他被指责为······时，他反驳说他不是庸医。后半句“他反驳自己不是庸医”对应前面，应该表示“被指责为骗子”才符合语境，因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Einstein'sspecialTheoryofRelativityisquite（）me.

问题1选项

A.outof

B.beyond

C.from

D.over

【答案】B

【解析】句意：爱因斯坦的相对论超出了我的能力范围。beyondsb.

指超出某人的能力,

非某人力所能及,

所以选项B更符合句意。

12.单选题

______anyoneshouldthinkitstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.

问题1选项

A.Inorderthat

B.Lest

C.If

D.Providing

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项Inorderthat“为了，目的在于”；B选项Lest“以免”；C选项If“如果，倘若”；D选项Providing“如果”。句意：我向你保证，这是千真万确的，______有人觉得奇怪。根据语境，为了不让人觉得奇怪，我向你保证这是真的，所以Lest“以免”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Dr.Goebbelswrotethat“wedonotbelongtothosedreamersandillusionistswhoprophesythecollapseoftheBritishEmpiretomorrow”.

问题1选项

A.swear

B.condemn

C.predict

D.crave

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.swear咒骂，诅咒B.condemn谴责，指责

C.predict预言D.crave渴望，热望

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】prophesy的意思为“预告，预言”，指的是我们不是空想家和魔术师，对大英帝国的未来进行预言，predict与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】戈培尔博士写道，我们不是那种预言大英帝国明天就要瓦解的空想家和魔术师。

14.单选题

Thereisno（）tothehousefromthemainroad.

问题1选项

A.access

B.avenue

C.exposure

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。access“通道，机会”；avenue“林荫大道，方法”；exposure“暴露”；edge“边缘”。句意：没有通道从主路通往那个房子。A项符合题意。

15.单选题

Hebecome（）withthegirlreporterwhoquestionedhimatpressconference.

问题1选项

A.observed

B.obsessed

C.notified

D.troubled

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。becomeobsessedwith为固定搭配，意为痴迷于……。

16.单选题

Themostwidespreadfallacyofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyareactuallycausedbyvirusespassingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact,directlyorindirectly,withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds,itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.AndintheisolatedArcticRegionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.

AttheCommonColdResearchUnitinEngland,volunteerstookpartinexperimentsinwhichtheygavethemselvestothediscomfortsofbeingcoldandwetforlongstretchesoftime.Aftertakinghotbaths,theyputonbathingsuits,allowedthemselvestobewithcoldwater,andthenstoodaboutdrippingwetindraftyrooms.Someworewetsocksalldaywhileothersexercisedintherainuntilclosetoexhaustion.Notoneofthevolunteerscamedownwithacoldunlessacoldviruswasactuallydroppedinhisnose.If,then,coldandwethavenothingtodowithcatchingcolds,whyaretheymorefrequentinthewinter?Despitethemostpains-takingresearch,noonehasyetfoundtheanswer.Oneexplanationofferedbyscientistsisthatpeopletendtostaytogetherindoorsmoreincoldweatherthanatothertimes,andthismakesiteasierforcoldvirusestobepassedon.Noonehasyetfoundacureforthecold.Therearedrugsandpainsuppressorssuchasaspirin,butalltheydoisrelievethesymptoms.

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen（）.

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit（）.

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（）.

问题1选项

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.

问题2选项

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegions

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweather

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegions

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworld

问题3选项

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldness

B.nevercaughtcolds

C.alwayscaughtcolds

D.becameverystrong

问题4选项

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncold

B.thevirusesofthecommoncold

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcolds

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?1.下列哪一项与文章不一致？

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.A.爱斯基摩人并不总是感冒。

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.B.感冒不是由寒冷引起的。

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.C.人们患感冒只是因为他们喜欢待在室内。

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.D.一个人可能会因为接触已经感冒的人而感冒。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段倒数第三句“科学家给出的一种解释是，与其他时候相比，人们在寒冷的天气里更倾向于待在室内，这使得感冒病毒更容易传播”，可知，这里是对冬天更容易感冒的解释，并不是说人们患感冒是因为他们喜欢待在室内，故C项“人们患感冒只是因为他们喜欢待在室内”表述与原文不符合，但符合题意。故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“爱斯基摩人并不总是感冒”，根据第一段第三和第四句“如果感冒是由寒冷引起的，那么爱斯基摩人将永远遭受感冒的折磨是有道理的。但事实并非如此。”可知，感冒并不是寒冷引起的，所以爱斯基摩人不会总是感冒，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；

B项“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”，根据文章第一段第一句“最普遍的谬论（fallacy）是感冒是由寒冷引起的”，从fallacy（谬论）可知，感冒并不是由寒冷引起的，该项也符合原文，属于反向干扰；

D项“一个人可能会因为接触已经感冒的人而感冒”，根据第一段第二句“感冒实际上是由人与人之间传播的病毒引起的”可知，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen______.2.当______，北极探险家可能会感冒。

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegionsA.他们在与世隔绝的北极地区工作

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweatherB.他们在极冷的天气里写报告

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegionsC.他们不用在与世隔绝的北极地区工作

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworldD.他们又开始与外界接触

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词Arcticexplorers定位至第一段最后一句“在与世隔绝的北极地区，探险家们报告说，在通过从飞机上扔下的包裹和邮件与外界的感染者再次接触之前，他们没有感冒”，从中可知，探险家们在接触外界之前没有感冒，这也就是说当他们接触外界时，他们可能会感冒，D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“他们在与世隔绝的北极地区工作”，根据解题思路可知，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

B项“他们在极冷的天气里写报告”在原文没有依据，属于无中生有；

C项“他们不用在与世隔绝的北极地区工作”，根据原文可知，北极探险家并不是因为在与世隔绝的北极地区才没感冒，而是没有接触带有病毒的感染者，该项属于偷换概念。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit______.3.在普通感冒研究中心做实验的志愿者______。

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldnessA.深受寒冷之苦

B.nevercaughtcoldsB.从来不感冒

C.alwayscaughtcoldsC.总是感冒

D.becameverystrongD.非常强壮

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词CommonColdResearchUnit定位至第二段第一句“在英国的普通感冒研究中心，志愿者们参加了一项实验，他们让自己长时间处于寒冷潮湿的不适状态”，从中可知，在普通感冒研究中心做实验的志愿者深受寒冷之苦，A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“从来不感冒”、C项“总是感冒”和D项“非常强壮”在原文没有体现，属于无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.4.这篇文章主要是讨论______。

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncoldA.普通感冒的实验

B.thevirusesofthecommoncoldB.普通感冒的病毒

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcoldsC.人们感冒的原因

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncoldsD.普通感冒的持续蔓延

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知，第一段提出感冒不是由寒冷引起的，而是由病毒引起，随后用了几个例子证明第一段开头提出的论点，所以本文主要讨论感冒的原因以及人们患上感冒的方式，C选项“人们感冒的原因”符合全文主旨。

【干扰项排除】A项“普通感冒的实验”、B项“普通感冒的病毒”和D项“普通感冒的持续蔓延”只是文中提到的观点，不是主旨思想，属于以偏概全。

17.单选题

（）thehelpofhisrichuncle,hecouldnotbelivingawealthylifetoday.

问题1选项

A.Becauseof

B.Butfor

C.Inspiteof

D.Asfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项Becauseof表示“因为”；B选项Butfor表示“要不是”；C选项Inspiteof表示“尽管”；D选项Asfor表示“关于，至于”。分析句意可知，要不是他有钱的叔叔帮忙，他今天不可能过着富裕的生活。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

18.单选题

Thiswebsiteprovidesinformationandlatestnewsaboutthelatestgadgetswithallitsuniquenessandshortcomings.

问题1选项

A.devices

B.advances

C.operations

D.spheres

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.devices装置，器具，设备B.advances进步，进展

C.operations手术D.spheres球体，球形

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】gadgets的意思为“小器具，小装置”，devices与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】本网站提供有关最新产品的资讯和最新消息，并介绍其独特之处和不足之处。

19.翻译题

中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望和野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况且中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。

【答案】Sinceancienttimes,theChinesenationalitieshaveneverthoughthumanbeingstobesuperiortoanyotherspecies.Theirperformancesinbothphilosophyandliteraturereflectthatmanoccupiesarelativelyappropriateproportionwithallothercreaturesinthenaturalworld,ratherthanbeingthedominantruler.Therefore,generallyspeaking,oursufferingisbasicallylessthanthatofwesternpeople,fortheintensityofone’sdepressionliterallychangesalongwiththemagnitudeofone’sdesireandambition.Aspeopleinana