考研考博-英语-厦门大学嘉庚学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门大学嘉庚学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

By1970,accordingtoaWorldWildlifeFundreport,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.Mr.Foresters,whofollowedandcountedtigerfootprints,estimatedthatinMay1972onlyabout1,800tigersexistedinIndia.ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.

TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.Atigermarkstheboundariesofitsterritoriesbysprayingurineandotherbodilyliquidsonbushes.Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.Tigersfighttodeathonlywhenatigressisdefendingheryoung,orwhenatigerisguardingatigressfromtheattentionsofothermales.

Thepopularimageofthetigeristhatofamercilessandunconquerablehunter.Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.

FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.Ithasenabledthetigerpopulationtodouble(bymid-80’s),butIndia’shumanpopulationhasalsogrownoutofcontrol.Currentlyitis750millionandlikelytobe900millionbytheendofthecentury.Landproblemisbecomingseriousandmanyruralpeoplefeelbitteraboutthefactthatsomerichforestsarereservedfortigers.Agrowingnumberofattacksbytigersonmanhasaddedtothehostility.

21.TheultimateaimofProjectTigeristo______.

22.Studieshaveshownthat______.

23.Accordingtothepassage,atiger’sterritory______.

24.SomepeopleareafraidthatProjectTiger______.

25.Theauthorseems______.

问题1选项

A.studythegrowthrateoftigers

B.protecttigersfrombeingkilled

C.promotethebreedingofyoungtigers

D.analyzethebehavioralpatternsoftigers

问题2选项

A.atigressneverattacksuntilattacked

B.thetigressisnotasfierceasthetigers

C.atigerusuallyfightsanothertigertodefenditsownterritory

D.thetigerisnotanefficienthunterasiscommonlydescribed

问题3选项

A.remainsunchanged

B.isoftendefendedbytigresses

C.expandsasthetigergrowsup

D.isthecauseofmostfights

问题4选项

A.hasbeencarriedtoofar

B.hasnotreceivedenoughattention

C.hasfailedtoachieveitsgoal

D.isnotworththemoneyspentonit

问题5选项

A.tobeenthusiasticaboutProjectTiger

B.tohaveamatter-of-factattitudetowardsProjectTiger

C.tohaveahostileattitudetowardsProjectTiger

D.tobesatisfiedwithProjectTiger

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“老虎计划的最终目标是……”。定位文章第一段，该段讲述了老虎数量锐减，最后提到ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.（世界自然基金会资助的老虎项目立即启动。建立了9个老虎保护区，有武装警卫保护它们。），可推知老虎被捕杀是其数量剧减的根本原因，因此使老虎免于被杀是野生动物保护基金会的最终目的。B项“保护老虎不被杀害”正确。A项“研究老虎的生长速度”和C项“促进幼虎的繁殖”没提到，属于无中生有。D项“分析老虎的行为模式”在第二段有提及，定位第一句TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.（该项目为来自印度和国外的研究人员提供了研究保护区老虎的机会，并收集了以前无法获得的关于老虎习性的信息）可知，该项并不是这个老虎项目的目标，而是其有利之处，属于张冠李戴。因此，该题选择B项。

22.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“研究表明……”。定位第三段第二句Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.（但研究表明老虎捕捉猎物的成功率仅为1/20）可知，老虎捕捉猎物的成功率很低，所以D项“老虎并不是通常所说的高效的猎手”正确。A项“母老虎在受到攻击之前从不攻击”和B项“母老虎不像其他老虎那样凶猛”没有提到，属于无中生有。定位第二段倒数第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它会根据其他老虎独特的身体气味，尽量避免争夺地盘）可知，C项“一只老虎通常与另一只老虎搏斗以保卫自己的领土”与原文相反，属于反向干扰。因此，该题选择D项。

23.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“根据文章，老虎的领地……”。定位第二段第二句Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.（研究表明，根据年龄、体型和力量，雄性老虎可以控制10到20平方公里的狩猎区域），以及第三句Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.（雄虎的领地包括三到四只雌虎的小领地）可知，一头雄老虎依年龄、体型及力量可以控制10至20公里的狩猎领地，随着老虎的长大，其体型及力量都在增大，其占领的狩猎领地的面积自然也就增大，C项“随着老虎的成长而扩大”正确。A项“保持不变”与原文相反，属于反向干扰。B项“通常由母老虎保护”没有提到，属于无中生有。定位第二段倒数第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它会根据其他老虎独特的身体气味，尽量避免争夺地盘）可知，D项“是大多数打架的原因”也是反向干扰。因此，该题选择C项。

24.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“有些人害怕老虎计划……”。定位最后一段第一句FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.（最近人们开始担心“老虎计划”太成功了），toosuccessful与A项中的carriedtoofar是同样的意思，所以A项“做得太过火”正确。B项“没有得到足够的重视”和C项“没有实现它的目标”与原文相反，属于反向干扰。D项“不值得花这么多钱”没提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择A项。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者看起来……”。纵观全文，作者对于老虎保护项目没有加入个人的主观色彩，也没有描述主观情感的词语，所以他持的是一种客观的态度。B项“对老虎计划采取实事求是的态度”符合题意。A项“对老虎计划充满热情”、C项“对老虎计划持敌对态度”和D项“对老虎计划感到满意”都是曲解原文。因此，该题选择B项。

2.单选题

Allthecreditcardorganizationschargeinterestonamonthlybasiswhichmay_______at25percentayear,yetjudiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-free-credit.

问题1选项

A.comeup

B.accountfor

C.addup

D.workout

【答案】B

【解析】comeup走近,发生,上升;accountfor（比例）占;addup合计;workout解决,算出。句意：所有的信用卡机构都按月收取利息,每年的利息可能占25%,但明智地使用信用卡购物意味着你可以获得长达7周的无息信贷。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

II.(EconomicLaw)

Forfourhundredyears,companylawhastriedtosolvethecoreproblemofcorporategovernance,theseparationofownershipandcontrol.InEurope,corporategovernancedidnotbecomearesearchdisciplineofitsownbeforetheendofthelastmillennium.Theanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodelswasthestartingpointandstillisoneofthemostimportantfieldsoftheincreasinglycomparativeandinterdisciplinaryresearchagenda.ThehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)impressivelyillustratesearlyproblemsofcompanylaw.Itsevolutionestablishedthefirstinstitutionalsupervisorystructure.TheV.O.C.goesbacktoamergeroftheearlycompanies,theVoorcompagnieen.Muchlikemodernbusinessamalgamations,itwassoughttoimprovethemarketpositionagainstcompetitors.ManyoftheV.O.C.’sfeaturesarestillcharacteristicformoderncompanies.

Withitsincorporationin1602,theV.O.C.hadaninternalstructurecomparabletowhatwedescribetodayasaone-tierboardmodel.Theboardofseventeendirectors,electedbythegovernorsofthesixchambers,haduniversalmanagementpowerandactednearlyfreefromanyinterferencebyminorityshareholders.Theboarddevelopedthebusinessstrategy,settheshippingroutes,andissuedresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers.Inthecourseoffurtherbusinessexpansionin1648,anexecutivecommitteeoftheboard(TheHagueCommittee)helpedtoorganizetheworkofthedirectors.Committeesformedforaccountingorspecificbusinessmatters,werealsofoundatthechamberlevel.

Themajorgovernanceproblemresultedthelackofadefinitionofdirectors’dutiesasanalignmentofdecisionmakingandthecompany’sinterest.Thegovernors—themerchantsandownersoftheearlycompanies—wereunawarethatanentitywithitsowninteresthademergedastheycontinuedtomanagetheV.O.C.inthewaytheyhadmanagedtheirearlycompanies.Inparticular,thegovernors’righttopriorpurchaseturnedouttobeunfortunate,leadingtoanearlyformofwhatwetodaycallself-dealing.Withtheseconddashofregulationin1623,thelicensewaschangedandthegovernorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditionsasanyoneelse.Further,theywereallowedtosupplythecompanyonlyiftheyhadbeengrantedalicensetodoso.Themajorchangeintheinternalstructurecamewiththeintroductionofthecommitteeofninein1623,whichcanbedescribedasanearlyformofthemodernsupervisoryboard.

KlausJ.Hopt,PatrickC.Leyens:“BoardModelsinEurope—RecentDevelopmentsofInternalCorporateGovernanceStructuresinGermany,theUnitedKingdom,France,andItaly”

55.Inthe17thcentury,theboardofseventeendirectorshaduniversalmanagementpowertodothefollowingexcept___.

56.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthat___.

57.Thewordwhichcanbestreplacetheword“alignment”intheunderlinedsentenceis___.

58.WhichofthefollowingdidNOThappenin1623?

问题1选项

A.developingthebusinessstrategy

B.decidingwhichwaytotakefortheshipping

C.helpingtoorganizetheworkofthechambers

D.issuingresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers

问题2选项

A.thestartingpointoftheresearchwastheanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodels

B.corporategovernancewasaresearchdisciplineofitsownintheearly1900’s

C.mergeroftheearlycompanieswassoughttoimprovethecompetitors

D.thehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)wasveryimpressive

问题3选项

A.grouping

B.association

C.arrangement

D.coalition

问题4选项

A.Governorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditions.

B.Thecommitteeofninewasintroducedwithinternalstructure.

C.Governorswerenotallowedtosupplythecompanyiftheyhadnotbeengrantedalicensetodoso.

D.Quitesomeregulationsweremade.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】55.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Theboarddevelopedthebusinessstrategy,settheshippingroutes,andissuedresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers.（董事会制定了商业战略，制定了航运路线，并发布了对商会有约束力的决议）可知C选项“帮助组织商会的工作”未提及；A选项“制定商业策略”，B选项“决定用哪种方式装运”以及D选项“发布对商会有约束力的决议”符合原文。因此C选项符合题意。

56.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字定位到第一段InEurope,corporategovernancedidnotbecomearesearchdisciplineofitsownbeforetheendofthelastmillennium.Theanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodelswasthestartingpointandstillisoneofthemostimportantfieldsoftheincreasinglycomparativeandinterdisciplinaryresearchagenda.（在20世纪前，欧洲的企业治理并没有形成自己的研究学科。在不同的董事会模式下，对管理和控制功能的分析是研究的起点，并且仍然是比较和跨学科研究议程中最重要的领域之一）可知选A选项“本研究的出发点是分析不同董事会模式下的管理和控制功能”，同时可知B选项“公司治理在20世纪早期是一门独立的研究学科”错误；第一段TheV.O.C.goesbacktoamergeroftheearlycompanies,theVoorcompagnieen.Muchlikemodernbusinessamalgamations,itwassoughttoimprovethemarketpositionagainstcompetitors.（V.O.C.可追溯到早期公司Voorcompagnieen的合并。与现代企业合并非常相似，其目的是提高相对于竞争对手的市场地位）可知C选项“早期公司的合并是为了改善竞争对手”错误；第二段ThehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)impressivelyillustratesearlyproblemsofcompanylaw.（VerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie的历史深刻地说明了早期的公司法问题）可知不是V.O.C.的历史非常令人印象深刻，而是V.O.C.的历史深刻地说明一些问题，D选项“VerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie的历史非常令人印象深刻”错误。因此A选项正确。

57.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干关键字“alignment”定位到原文Themajorgovernanceproblemresultedthelackofadefinitionofdirectors’dutiesasanalignmentofdecisionmakingandthecompany’sinterest.（主要的管治问题导致缺乏对董事职责的定义，将其界定为决策与公司利益的结合）可知alignment在本句表示“结合，结盟”；A选项“分组，分类”，B选项“协会，社团；联合；联想”；C选项“布置；整理；准备；安排”；D选项“联合；结合，合并”。因此D选项正确。

58.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“1623”可以定位到原文最后一段Withtheseconddashofregulationin1623,thelicensewaschangedandthegovernorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditionsasanyoneelse.（1623年的第二次监管改变了许可，州长只能在公开拍卖的情况下从公司购买，条件和其他人一样）可知A选项“州长只能在相同条件下通过公开拍卖从公司购买”符合原文；最后一句Themajorchangeintheinternalstructurecamewiththeintroductionofthecommitteeofninein1623,whichcanbedescribedasanearlyformofthemodernsupervisoryboard.（1623年，九人委员会成立，这是现代监事会的早期形式，是监事会内部结构的主要变化）可知B选项“九人委员会引入了内部结构”符合原文；最后一段Further,theywereallowedtosupplythecompanyonlyiftheyhadbeengrantedalicensetodoso.（此外，只有在获得许可的情况下，他们（指州长们）才被允许向公司供货）可知C选项“州长不允许供应公司，如果他们没有被授予许可证这样做”符合原文；根据原文和排除法可知D选项“相当多的规则被制定”和原文相悖。因此D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Ifyouarealwayssittingupatnight,I’mafraidyoumay（

）fromoverworksoon.

问题1选项

A.fall

B.descend

C.sicken

D.collapse

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fall“落下；降落”；descend“下降；下来”；sicken“生病”；collapse“倒塌；瓦解”。句意：如果你晚上总是熬夜，那么我担心你可能会因为过度劳累而倒下。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Thatpublicfigurewasreally（）forsayingthosethingsinpublic,eventhoughpeoplecanunderstandhimandseehispointofviewonthematter.

问题1选项

A.behindthelines

B.outofline

C.offtheline

D.inhisline

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。behindthelines“在后方；绳子的背后”，outofline“不协调，违规”，offtheline“打完电话”，没有搭配inhisline。句意：那位公众人物在公共场合说那些话真是不合规矩，尽管人们能理解他，也能看到他对这件事情的看法。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

PatrickHenry,bornin1736,（）byhisfather,whohadadvancedtraininginmechanics.

问题1选项

A.hadtaught

B.hasbeentaught

C.taught

D.wastaught

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：帕特里克•亨利出生于1736年，由受过高级机械培训的父亲教导。此处应用被动语态，排除A，C。本句表示过去发生的事，不表示和现在的关系，不用现在完成时，排除B。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentstartedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilitiesforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingview-points,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactivityresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheuniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefasBarnaGroup.

So,whenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

1.AccordingtotheParagraph1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson（

）.

2.AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople

（

）.

3.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.thejustificationofthenew-filteringpractice

B.people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms

C.theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformation

D.socialmediaasareliablesourceofnews

问题2选项

A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace

B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources

C.haveastrongsenseofresponsibility

D.liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”

问题3选项

A.readers’outdatedvalues

B.journalists’biasedreporting

C.readers’misinterpretation

D.journalist’made-upstories

问题4选项

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline.

B.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend.

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据首段最后一句可知，千禧一代更希望白宫的新闻通过其他来源而不是总统的社交媒体平台透漏出来。紧接着在第二段给出了原因，人们逐渐对所有的媒体丧失了信任。根据牛津大学的统计，在2016年美国总统竞选期间，推特用户分享的近四分之一的网络内容是虚假新闻。由此可知，社交媒体不是可靠的新闻来源。选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据关键词“KnightFoundation”定位到第三段二、三句“AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.奈特基金会针对14岁至24岁的年轻人进行的一项焦点小组调查发现，他们使用“分布式信任”来验证新闻。他们反复核对消息来源，喜欢从不同的角度看新闻——尤其是那些对偏见持开放态度的新闻。”由此可知，选项B“通过参考不同的来源去核实消息”符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Barnasurvey”定位到第五段第三句“AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.巴纳研究集团的一项调查发现，美国人认为假新闻现象的主要原因是“读者错误”，而不是编造的故事或报道中的事实错误。”由此可知，选项C正确。

4.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，原文首先提出年轻人对社交平台的不信任，是因为虚假新闻的泛滥，因此人们开始加强他们的媒体素养技能。下文则主要是围绕这一中心思想展开的讨论，所以选项A最能概括全文。

8.单选题

InNovember1970YukioMishima,togetherwithsomeofhisfanaticalfollowersfromtheultranationalisticShieldSocietywhichhehadfoundedin1966,brokeintotheheadquartersofJapan’sEasternDefenseForcesarmedwithswordsanddaggers,overpoweredsomeaides,tiedupthecommandinggeneral,anddemandedthatthetroopsbeassembledtohearaspeech.Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStatesthathad,inhiswords,“turnedJapanspineless”.Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse,hereturnedtothegeneral’sofficeandthere,beforethegeneral’sunbelievingeyes,proceededtokillhimselfinstrictaccordancewiththetraditionalsamurairitualofseppuku.AfterMishimahaddrivenadaggerdeepintohisleftabdomen,oneofhisaidesseveredhisheadwithasword.Theaidelikewisekilledhimselfandwasbeheaded;theotherssurrendered.

In1936therehadbeenasimilarrevoltand,thoughequallyunsuccessful,ithadforeshadowedtherepressiveregimeofGeneralTojothatwastostagetheattackonPearlHarborin1941.ThatearlierrevoltistheonereferredtoinPatriotism,oneofMishima’smostpowerfulstories.Herelifeandfictionbecomejoined.TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,“theultimatedreamofmylife.”Bornofanancientsamuraifamily,helongedtodieahero’sdeathinaccordancewiththeancientsamuraicode;buthisweakbodykepthimfromserviceinthewar,andhehadtocompensatethroughbodybuilding(hebecameexpertatkarateandkendo)and,mostimportant,throughthedisciplineofwriting.Inhisshortlifetimeheturnedouttwentynovels,thirtyplays,manyessays,andmorethaneightystories:healsoproduced,directed,andactedinmovies,andevensangonstage.Hisfirstbookofstories,AForestinFlower,appearedin1943,butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),dealingwiththemeditationsofayoungmanofhomosexualleaningsinarepressivesociety,thatbroughthimfame.

Mishimahasbeencalled“Japan’sHemingway,”whileothershavecomparedhimto“aesthetic”writerslikeWalterPeterandOscarWilde.

1.Thearticleimpliesthat（）.

2.TheaimoftherebelledbyMishimawas（）.

3.Inthe1970rebel,thespeechmadebyMishima（）.

4.Whatistrueaccordingtothearticle?

5.Mishimabecameawell-knownwriterafterhehad（）.

问题1选项

A.Mishimarefusedtojointhearmywhenhewasyoung

B.Mishimahasbeenregardedasalunaticwriter

C.Mishimaisapersonwhoishardtodefine

D.criticsallagreethatMishimaisanaestheticwriter

问题2选项

A.tocapturethecommandinggeneral

B.tourgethegovernmenttodeclareawaragainstAmerica

C.toincitethesoldierstorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernment

D.toforcetheEmperortogiveupthethrone

问题3选项

A.waswellreceivedbythesoldiers

B.waslaughedatbythesoldiers

C.impressedthecommandinggeneral

D.leftadeepimpressiontothesoldiers

问题4选项

A.ThegeneralknewthatMishimahadlongedtodieahero’sdeath.

B.ThegeneralwasgreatlytakenabackbyMishima’ssuicideattempt.

C.SomesoldierssurrenderedafterMishima,sspeech.

D.OneofMishima’saideswaskilledbythesoldiers.

问题5选项

A.written“Patriotism,”oneofhismostpowerfulstories

B.writteneightyshortstories

C.published“AForestinFlower”

D.published“ConfessionofaMask”

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据原文内容可知，本文主要是讲YukioMishima的生平，选项A与原文不符；选项B和D太片面，选项C更准确，所以本题选C。

2.细节判断题。根据关键词“rebel”定位到第一段“Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStates...”Mishima向军队发表了十分钟的演讲，煽动他们反抗美国强加给他们的立宪政府。选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse”可知Mishima发表演讲后只得到嘲笑的回应，选项B符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据第二段“TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,‘theultimatedreamofmylife.’”切腹自尽对Mishima来说是一种实现，实现的是他“生命中的终极梦想”。也就是说他渴望像英雄一样死去，选项A正确。选项B在文中没有提及；选项C,D均与原文不符。所以本题选A。

5.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“...butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),...,thatbroughthimfame.”可知选项D正确。

9.单选题

Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural（

）.

问题1选项

A.tradition

B.transportation

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。tradition“惯例，传统”；transportation“运输”；transmission“传递，传送”；transformation“转换，改革”。

句意：20世纪见证了全世界巨大的政治、经济和文化的变革。选项D符合语境。

10.单选题

Beforetheplane（

）,thepilotbailedout.

问题1选项

A.clashed

B.crashed

C.smashed

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项clash“冲突、撞击”；B选项crash“碰撞、坠毁”；C选项smash“粉碎、撞击”；D选项strike“罢工、撞击”，根据句中关键词“plane飞机”可联系crash“碰撞、坠毁”符合语境，句意为：飞机坠毁前，飞行员跳伞逃生。故正确答案选B。

11.单选题

Theladywhohas（）foranightinthedeadofthewinterlaterturnedouttobeadistantrelationofhis.

问题1选项

A.puthimin

B.puthimout

C.puthimon

D.puthimup

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语搭配。putsb.in，一般不单独使用;putsb.out“使某人不高兴”；putsb.on,一般不单独使用；putsb.up“给某人提供食宿”。根据空格处后面的foranight可知只有选项D符合题意，“给他提供食宿的女士”。

12.问答题

Inspiteof(A)hisaged(B)appearance,hismovementswereasspirited(C)asayoungman(D).

【答案】试题答案：D;ayoungman’s

【解析】考查比较级。as...as意为“与……一样”，hismovements（他的动作）不能与ayoungman（年轻人）进行比较，应与ayoungman’smovements比较，为了避免重复，此处可将ayoungman’smovements中的movements省略，改为ayoungman’s。

13.单选题

Statisticsregardingcigarettesmokingareanythingbutencouraging.TheFederalTradeCommissionrecentlyannouncedthatin1990Americanspurchased628.2billioncigarettes,anappallinglygreaternumberthaneverbefore.Theaveragesmokerconsumed11633cigarettes,ofwhich44.8percentwerelow-tarcigarettescontaininglessthan15milligramsoftar.In1968theaveragetarcontentwas22milligrams.

DespitethefactthateverycigarettepackhasaprintedwarningfromtheSurgeonGeneral,thosewhostillsmokearesmokingmoreheavily.Manypeoplehaveforswornsmokinginfearoflungcancer.TheAmericanCancerSocietyreportsthatdeathratesfromlungcancerhaveescalated,whereasthoseforothermajorcancershaveleveledoffordeclined.Lastyear111000Americansdiedoflungcancer,whileitisestimatedthat117000willsuccumbthisyear.Lungcancerheadsthelistinkilling35percentofmaleswhodiefromcancer.Lungcanceraccountsfor17percentofwomen’scancerdeaths.Anestimated440000deathsfromcancerwilloccurthisyear,9000morethanpreviousyear.Lungcanceraccountsfortwothirdsoftheincrease.Althoughmanycancerpatientshavesurvivedthedisease,theprognosisforlungcancerpatientsismostdisheartening.Ninety-onepercentofalldiagnosedcasesoflungcancerdonotsurvive.

1.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthatlow-tarcigarettes______.

2.Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthataveragesmokerssmoke______.

3.Itispredictedthatthenumberofdeathsfromlungcancerthisyearwillbe______.

4.Thepercentageofwomen’slungcancerdeathsis______.

5.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatlungcancer______.

问题1选项

A.reducethedangersofsmoking

B.appealtoamajorityofsmokers

C.causelungcancer

D.havetheSurgeonGeneral’sapproval

问题2选项

A.lessthantheydidinthepast

B.morethantheydidinthepast

C.thesameastheydidinthepast

D.noneoftheabove

问题3选项

A.reducedfromthenumberlastyear

B.thesameasthenumberlastyear

C.6000morethanlastyear

D.111000

问题4选项

A.equaltothatofmen’slungcancerdeaths

B.risingannually

C.abouthalfthepercentageofmen’scancerdeaths

D.anindicationthatwomenarenotsusceptibletolungcancer

问题5选项

A.canbetreatedeffectively

B.isincurable

C.willcausecigarettestobetakenoffthemarket

D.currentlyhasnoinfalliblecure

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。A选项“减少了吸烟的危险性”，由原文TheAmericanCancerSocietyreportsthatdeathratesfromlungcancerhaveescalated,whereasthoseforothermajorcancershaveleveledoffordeclined.（美国癌症协会报告称，肺癌的死亡率已经上升，而其他主要癌症的死亡率则趋于稳定或下降。）可知，吸烟的风险很高，会提升肺癌的死亡率，所以A错误。B选项“对大多数吸烟者有吸引力”，由原文Theaveragesmokerconsumed11633cigarettes,ofwhich44.8percentwerelow-tarcigarettescontaininglessthan15milligramsoftar.（吸烟者平均消费11633支香烟，其中44.8%是焦油含量低于15毫克的低焦油香烟。）可知，44.8%不是大多数吸烟者，所以B错误。D选项“得到了卫生局局长的批准”，由原文everycigarettepackhasaprintedwarningfromtheSurgeonGeneral（每个香烟包装上都印有卫生局局长的警告）可知，卫生局局长不赞成吸烟，所以D错误。C选项“导致肺癌”，由原文Manypeoplehaveforswornsmokinginfearoflungcancer.（许多人因为害怕肺癌而发誓不再吸烟。）可知，吸烟会导致肺癌，C选项符合原文，所以本题选C。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句TheFederalTradeCommissionrecentlyannouncedthatin1990Americanspurchased628.2billioncigarettes,anappallinglygreaternumberthaneverbefore.（联邦贸易委员会最近宣布，1990年美国人购买了6282亿支香烟，这个数字比以往任何时候都要高得惊人。），说明吸烟者的吸烟量比过去高得多。因此B选项“比过去多”正确。A选项“比过去少”，C选项“和过去相同”，D选项“以上都不是”均不符合原文，所以A,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四句Lastyear111000Americansdiedoflungcancer,whileitisestimatedthat117000willsuccumbthisyear.（去年有111000名美国人死于肺癌，而据估计今年将有117000人死亡。），说明今年死于肺癌的人数将比去年多6000人。因此C选项“比去年多6000人”正确。A选项“比去年的人数减少”，B选项“与去年的人数相同”，D选项“111000人”均不符合原文，所以A,B,D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第五、六句Lungcancerheadsthelistinkilling35percentofmaleswhodiefromcancer.Lungcanceraccountsfor17percentofwomen’scancerdeaths.（在死于癌症的男性中，有35%死于肺癌。肺癌占女性癌症死亡人数的17%。），说明女性肺癌死亡的比例约占男