考研考博-英语-合肥工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thebeliefthatit’shealthytoletoffsteamnolonger（）forweareworkingunderheavypressure.

问题1选项

A.holds

B.carries

C.takes

D.stands

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项hold“拥有，持有”，B项carry“拿，携带”，C项take“行得通，花费”，D项stand“站立，位于”。根据句子可知，空格部分是和名词belief（信念）构成主谓，把四个选项分别代入，只有take符合。句意：因为我们在巨大的压力下工作，所以不再相信释放压力是有益健康的。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Airpollution（

）tomanykindsofdiseases.

问题1选项

A.confirms

B.communicates

C.consumes

D.contributes

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。confirm“确认；确定；证实”；communicate“传达；感染；显露”；consume“消耗，消费”；contribute“贡献，捐献”。contributeto“有助于，捐献”。句意：空气污染导致各种疾病。

3.单选题

Thesurvival______ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.

问题1选项

A.ratio

B.degree

C.rate

D.scale

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项ratio“比率，比例”，B项degree“程度，等级”，C项rate“比率，等级”，D项scale“规模，天平”。根据关键词survival“生存”和astheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins“因为它们被残忍地猎杀以获取兽皮”猜测，空格部分表示“生存率”，所以B、D选项排除；A项指的是两个量的比值，强调相比、相除的关系，C项指的是比率，速度，率等，如“taxrate税率”、“crimerate犯罪率”；这个句子中的生存率指的是“野生动物的存活数量和死亡的野生动物数量之比”，是两个数量之比，所以A项更符合。句意：一些野生动物的存活率不是很高，因为它们被残酷地猎杀以获取皮毛。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.单选题

Asourworkisnotdoneyet,I’minno（）togooutforamovietonight.

问题1选项

A.mind

B.temper

C.mood

D.disposition

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。A,B,D选项均没有这种搭配，innomood为固定搭配，意为“没有心情”。句意：我们的工作还没完成，我今晚没有心情出去看电影。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

ThediscoveryoftheAntarcticnotonlyprovedoneofthemostinterestingofallgeographicaladventures,butcreatedwhatmightbecalled“theheroicageofAntarcticexploration”.Bytheirtremendousheroism,mensuchasShakleton,Scott,andAmundsencausedanewcontinenttoemergefromtheshadows,andyetthatheroicage,littlemorethanacenturyold,isalreadypassing.Modernscienceandinventionsarerevolutionizingthetechniquesofformerexplorers,andalthoughstillcallingforcourageandfeatsofendurance,futurejourneysintotheseicywasteswillprobablydependonmotorvehiclesequippedwithcaterpillartractionratherthanonthedogsthatearlierdiscoverersfoundsoinvaluableandhardlycomparable.

FewrealizethatthisAntarcticcontinentisalmostequalinsizetoSouthAmerica,andenormousfieldofworkawaitsgeographersandprospectors.Thecoastsofthiscontinentremaintobeaccuratelycharted,andthemappingofthewholeoftheinteriorpresentsaformidabletasktothecartographerswhoundertakethework.Oncetheirlaborsarecompleted,itwillbepossibletoprospectthevastnaturalresourceswhichscientistsbelievewillfurnishoneofthelargesttreasurehoardsofmetalsandmineralstheworldhasyetknown,andalmostinexhaustiblesourcesofcopper,coal,uranium,andmanyotheroreswillbecomeavailabletoman.SuchdiscoverieswillusherinaneraofpracticalexploitationoftheAntarcticwastes.

Thepolardarknesswhichhidesthiscontinentforthesixwintermonthswillbedefeatedbyhugebatteriesoflight,andmakepossibletheestablishingofair-fieldsforthefutureintercontinentalairservicesbymakingtheseareasaslightasday.Presentflyingrouteswillbecompletelychanged,fortheAntarcticrefuelingbaseswillmakeflightsfromAustraliatoSouthAmericacomparativelyeasyoverthe5,000milesjourney.

Theclimateisnotlikelytoofferaninsuperableproblem,fortheexplorerAdmiralByrdhasshownthattheclimateispossibleevenformencompletelyuntrainedforexpeditionsintothosefrozenwastes.Someofhispartiesweremenwhohadneverseensnowbefore,andyetherecordsthattheysurvivedtherigorsoftheAntarcticclimatecomfortably,sothat,providedthattheappropriateinstallationsaremade,wemayassumethathumanbeingsfromallcountriescouldlivetheresafely.Byrdevenaffirmsthatitisprobablythemosthealthyclimateintheworld,fortheintensecoldofthousandsofyearshassterilizethiscontinent,andrendereditabsolutelygermfree,withtheconsequencesthatordinaryandextraordinarysicknessanddiseasesfromwhichmansuffersinotherzoneswithdifferentclimatesarehereutterlyunknown.Thereexistnoproblemsofconservationandpreservationoffoodsupplies,forthelatterkeepindefinitelywithoutanysignsofdeterioration;itmayevenbethatlatergenerationswillcometoregardtheAntarcticasthenaturalstorehouseforthewholeworld.Plansarealreadyonfoottosetuppermanentbasesontheshoresofthiscontinent,andwhatsofewyearsagowasregardedasa“deadcontinent”nowpromisestobeamostactivecenterofhumanlifeandendeavor.

61.WhendidmanbegintoexploretheAntarctic?

62.Whatmusttheexplorersbe,eventhoughtheyhavemodernequipmentandtechniques?

63.Themosthealthyclimateintheworldis______.

64.WhatkindofmetalsandmineralscanwefindintheAntarctic?

65.Whatisplannedforthecontinent?

问题1选项

A.About100yearsago.

B.Inthiscentury.

C.Atthebeginningofthe19thcentury.

D.In1918.

问题2选项

A.Braveandtough.

B.Stubbornandarrogant.

C.Well-likedandhumorous.

D.Stoutandsmart.

问题3选项

A.inSouthAmerica

B.intheArcticRegion

C.intheAntarcticContinent

D.intheAtlanticOcean

问题4选项

A.Magnetite,coalandores

B.Copper,coalanduranium

C.Silver,naturalgasanduranium

D.Aluminum,copperandnaturalgas

问题5选项

A.Buildingdamsalongthecoasts.

B.Settingupseveralsummerresortsalongthecoasts.

C.Mappingthecoastandwholeterritory.

D.Settinguppermanentbasesonthecoasts.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】61.细节推理题。题干意思是“人类是什么时候开始探索南极的？”。第一段第二句指出Bytheirtremendousheroism,mensuchasShakleton,Scott,andAmundsencausedanewcontinenttoemergefromtheshadows,andyetthatheroicage,littlemorethanacenturyold,isalreadypassing.（沙克尔顿、斯科特和阿蒙森等人，凭借他们巨大的英雄主义，使新大陆从阴影中出现，然而，这个仅仅一个世纪多一点的英雄时代已经过去了）可知，从开始探索南极到写这篇文章的时间已经有一个世纪多一点了，一个世纪是一百年，所以A项“大约100年前”正确。B项“在本世纪”、C项“19世纪初”和D项“1918年”都不正确，文章没有给出写这篇文章的时间，所以无法推断具体的时间。因此，该题选择A项正确。

62.细节事实题。题干意思是“即使他们有现代的设备和技术，探险者必须是什么样的人？”。根据第一段最后一句Modernscienceandinventionsarerevolutionizingthetechniquesofformerexplorers,andalthoughstillcallingforcourageandfeatsofendurance,futurejourneysintotheseicywasteswillprobablydependonmotorvehiclesequippedwithcaterpillartractionratherthanonthedogsthatearlierdiscoverersfoundsoinvaluableandhardlycomparable.（现代科学和发明正在彻底改变以前探险者的技术，虽然仍然需要勇气和耐力，未来进入这些冰原的旅程可能要依靠装有履带式牵引装置的机动车，而不是早期的发现者认为非常宝贵和几乎比不上的狗）可知，A项“勇敢和坚韧”正确。B项“固执自大”、C项“很受欢迎和幽默”和D项“坚强而聪明”都不符合原文。因此，该题选择A项正确。

63.细节事实题。题干意思是“世界上最健康的气候是……”。根据最后一段第三句Byrdevenaffirmsthatitisprobablythemosthealthyclimateintheworld,fortheintensecoldofthousandsofyearshassterilizethiscontinent,andrendereditabsolutelygermfree,withtheconsequencesthatordinaryandextraordinarysicknessanddiseasesfromwhichmansuffersinotherzoneswithdifferentclimatesarehereutterlyunknown.（伯德甚至断言，这可能是世界上最健康的气候，因为数千年的严寒已经使这片大陆绝育，使它完全无菌，人类在其他气候不同的地区所遭受的普通和特殊疾病的后果在这里是完全未知的。），结合上文提到了南极，由此可知世界上最健康的气候是在南极，所以C项“南极大陆”正确。A项“南美地区”、B项“北极”和D项“大西洋”都不符合原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

64.细节事实题。题干意思是“在南极我们能找到什么样的金属和矿物？”。第二段倒数第二句指出Oncetheirlaborsarecompleted,itwillbepossibletoprospectthevastnaturalresourceswhichscientistsbelievewillfurnishoneofthelargesttreasurehoardsofmetalsandmineralstheworldhasyetknown,andalmostinexhaustiblesourcesofcopper,coal,uranium,andmanyotheroreswillbecomeavailabletoman.（一旦完成他们的工作，勘探这一巨大的自然资源将是可能的，科学家们相信这将是迄今为止世界上最大的金属和矿物宝库之一，而且人类将获得几乎取之不尽的铜、煤、铀和许多其他矿石），由此可知，在南极我们能获得铜、煤、铀和许多其他矿石，所以B项“铜、煤和铀”正确。A项“磁铁矿、煤和矿石”、C项“银、天然气和铀”和D项“铝、铜和天然气”不正确。因此，该题选择B项正确。

65.细节事实题。题干意思是“对这块大陆有何计划？”。文章最后一句话指出Plansarealreadyonfoottosetuppermanentbasesontheshoresofthiscontinent,andwhatsofewyearsagowasregardedasa“deadcontinent”nowpromisestobeamostactivecenterofhumanlifeandendeavor.（在这块大陆的海岸上建立永久基地的计划已经开始实施，几年前还被认为是“死亡的大陆”，现在却有望成为人类生活和努力的最活跃的中心）可知，对于南极大陆，计划在海岸上建立永久基地，所以D项“在沿海建立永久基地”正确。A项“沿海岸建水坝”与原文不符；B项“沿海岸建立几个避暑胜地”，南极气候寒冷，建立避暑胜地明显不符合常识；C项“绘制海岸和整个领土”，这只是为了方便勘测南极自然资源初步的一个工作，不是最终的计划。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

It（

）toseesomanychildreninthatmountainousareacannotevenaffordelementaryeducation.

问题1选项

A.painsher

B.makesherpain

C.ispaining

D.ispained

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。itpainssb.tosee意为“看到……使某人心痛”。句意：看到很多山区的孩子无法接受基础教育使她心痛。

7.单选题

Atfirst,theresultsoftheexperimentseemed（）butfinallyapatternemerged.

问题1选项

A.fine

B.grave

C.genuine

D.haphazard

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意：起初，实验结果似乎是偶然的，但最终出现了一种模式。因此选D。

8.问答题

Manypeopleare(A)naturallydistrustfulofambition,feelingthatitrepresents(B)somethingintractableinhumannature.ThusJohnDeanentitledhisbookabouthisinvolvementintheWatergateaffairduringtheNixonadministrationBlindAmbition,asifambition(C)weretobeblamedforhisignobleactions,andnottheconstellationofqualitiesthat(D)makeuphisrathershabbycharacter.

【答案】C；改成weretoblameforhisignobleactions.toblame用主动形式表被动意义。

9.单选题

Onlysovereignstatesareabletomaketreaties.

问题1选项

A.constitutional

B.powerful

C.legitimate

D.independent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项constitutionaladj.宪法的，本质的；B选项powerfuladj.强大的，有力的；C选项legitimateadj.合法的，正当的；D选项independentadj.独立的，单独的，无党派的。根据题意可知，只有主权独立的国家才能制定条约，因此本题选择D项。

10.翻译题

B：TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

1.Nowadays,youcannotturnonthetelevisionorpickupanewspaperwithoutreadingaboutacrisissomewhere.Acrisiscanbedefinedasanyunexpectedeventthathasaspecificundesirableconsequence.Naturaldisasters,financialmanipulation,societaldisruptionandenvironmentalpollutionarebutafewexamplesofpotentialcrisissituations.Crisismanagementisnotadisciplinetobelearnedinthemidstofthestorm.Itmustbelearnedandpracticedwhenthereisnotacloudintheorganizationalsky.Therefore,itisextremelyimportanttohaveasysteminplacethatservestocoveralltheaspectsofcrisismanagement.

2.Noonedeniesthatcreativityisimportant—andindeed,itmayproveevenmoreimportant,inthefuture,whennearlyallstandardprocedureswillbecarriedoutbycomputers.Yetcreativityshouldnotbeequatedwithintelligence.Anexpertmaybeintelligentinoneormoredomainsbutmaynotnecessarilyinclinedtowardorsuccessfulininnovation.Althoughitisclearthattheabilitytoinnovaterequiresacertaindegreeofintelligence,wedon’tfindasignificantcorrelationbetweenmeasuresofintellectandofcreativity.Indeed,creativityseemsmoredependentonacertainkindoftemperamentandpersonality-risktaking,tough-skinned,persevering,aboveallhavingalusttoalterthestatusquoandleaveamarkonsociety—thanonefficiencyinprocessingvariouskindsofinformation.

【答案】1.如今，当你打开电视或拿起报纸时，你就会看到有关某处危机的报道。危机可以定义为任何具有特定不良后果的意外事件。自然灾害、金融操纵、社会破坏和环境污染只是潜在危机局势的几个例子。危机管理不是在风暴中学习的一门学科。当组织的天空中没有乌云的时候，你必须学习和实践它。因此，建立一个覆盖危机管理所有方面的系统是极其重要的。

2.没有人否认创造力的重要性，事实上，在未来，当几乎所有的标准程序都将由计算机执行时，创造力可能会被证明更为重要。然而，创造力不应该等同于智力。专家可能在一个或多个领域很聪明，但不一定倾向于创新或在这方面很成功。尽管创新能力需要一定程度的智力，但我们并没有发现智力和创造力之间的显著相关性。事实上，创造力似乎更依赖于某种气质和个性、冒险、坚韧、坚持不懈，最重要的是渴望改变现状并在社会上留下印记，而不是处理各种信息的效率。

11.翻译题

教育很可能是现在争议最大、争议最多的一个题目。在一个国家未来的经济增长越来越依靠科学和技术的时候，教育在一个国家未来的前途中起着决定性的作用。今天，享受教育的特权已不再限于极少部分人。教育的发展是如此之快，它现在已成为一个大行业。事实上，它是最大的行业，其雇佣的人数和所付的工资比其他任何一个全国性企业的都要多。有一些教育机构包装得非常漂亮，借以提高知名度和吸引学生。在一定意义上讲，教育已经变成一种商品。从事教育的人对商业化这个说法会感到很不舒服，但是，恐怕除了少数例外，很多大学已经陷入了演变成有利可图的大规模制造厂的过程中。培养心智不再吃香；推销可出售的技能成了时髦。这就是教育的悲剧。不用说，某种拯救教育以防其更加衰落的具有想象力的办法和共同努力早就该出台了。竞争性的考试应该由素质教育取代，死记硬背应该让位于创造性和解决实际问题的能力的培养。只有这样，我们才能迎来教育的真正进步。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Nowadayseducationisprobablyoneofthemostcontroversialandhotlycontestedtopics.Whenacountry'seconomicgrowthinthefuturedependsmoreandmoreonscienceandtechnology,educationplaysadecisiveroleinitsfuture.Todayenjoyingtheprivilegeofreceivingeducationisnotconfinedtoaverysmallnumberofpeople.Thedevelopmentofeducationissorapidthatithasnowbecomeahugeindustry.Asamatteroffact,itisthebiggestindustry,whichemploysmorepeopleandpaysmorewagesthananyothernationalenterprise.Someeducationalorganizationsareveryattractiveinpackingwherebytheycanenhancetheirpopularityandattractstudents.Inasense,educationhasbecomeacommodity.Educatorsmayfeeluncomfortablewiththeideaofcommercialization.Butexceptforsomeexceptions,mostcollegesanduniversitiesarealreadyinvolvedintheprocessofevolvingintolarge-scaleprofitablemanufacturers.Cultivatingmentalityisnolongersought-after;promotingsalableskillshasbecomeafashion,whichisthetragedyofeducation.Needlesstosay,acertainimaginativewaytorescueeducationfromitsdeclineandjointeffortsshouldhaveappearedlongago.Competitivetestsshouldbereplacedbyquality-orientededucation;learningbyroteshouldgivewaytocultivatingcreativityandabilitytosolvepracticalproblems.Onlyinthiswaycanwegreetagenuineprogressineducation.

12.翻译题

随着地球上人口的增加，人类依靠土地资源生存变得越来越困难。土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。随着人口越来越多，人类的消耗也越来越多。很明显，地球上某些地区人口已经饱和；在这其中的许多地区，未来的人口增长肯定会带来更多的贫穷和苦难。然而，富裕国家的人们所使用的自然资源的比例，如粮食和能源，则远大于贫穷国家的人们，他们毫无节制地使用在另一方面会造成资源的巨大浪费。

【答案】AsthenumberofpeopleonEarthincreases,itbecomesincreasinglydifficultforthepopulationtosurviveontheresourcesoftheland.Theamountoflandislimited.Althoughagriculturalproductioncanbeincreasedbyuseofmachinerysuchastractorsandtheadditionoffertilizer,thelandultimatelycanproduceonlysomuchfoodandnomore.Asthehumanpopulationgrows,peopleconsumemore.Clearly,somelocationsonEarthalreadyhavetoomanypeople,inmanyoftheseareas,futureincreaseswillsurelybringaboutmorepovertyandsuffering.Yetpeopleinrichnationsuseproportionallyfarmoreoftheavailableresourcesthanpeopleinpoorernations.Astheyconsumetheseresourceswithoutrestraint,theyalsowastelargeamountsofthem.

13.单选题

Farmingisstilltheworld'sgreatestindustry.Onaverage,overhalfofthepopulationspendtheirlivesploughingthesoil,plantingseeds,harvestingcrops,andraisinganimalswhichprovideuswithmeat,milk,eggs,wool,leather,andmanyotherproducts.Traditionalfarming,inwhichmostofthehardworkonthefarmisdonebymanuallaborandanimals,isstillpracticedinmanycountries.Buttraditionalmethodscannotproduceenoughfoodtocopewiththegreatexplosioninpopulation.

Onlywithmodernmethodsoffarming——usingmachinestoreplacemenandanimals,artificialfertilizerstoenrichthesoil,andchemicalstokeepweedsanddiseasesundercontrol,canmanhopetoavoidacatastrophicworldfoodshortage.FormingmethodsarewelladvancedinmostpartsofEuropeandNorthAmerica,andfarmerselsewherearebeinghelpedbysuchorganizationsastheUnitedNationsFoodandAgriculturalOrganization(FAO)tomodernizeasquicklyaspossible.

Machineryhasbroughtaboutthegreatestrevolutioninfarming.Byfarthemostimportantmachineisthetractor,whichisusedforpullingmanykindsofimplements——ploughstobreakupthesoil,drillstosowtheseeds,trailerstocarrymanure,andsoon.Inthisrespectitdoesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid.Butatractordoesmorethanjustpull.Italsoprovidespowertodriveothermachinery,suchasmowingmachines,andpotatoharvesters.

Thestandardtypeoftractorhastwomassivewheelsattherearandtwosmallonesatthefront,butthosedesignedfortravelingoverheavygroundorforpullingheavyloadshavecaterpillarorcrawlertracks.Tractorssupplypowertodriveothermachineryeitherthroughapulleywheeldrivenbytheengineorbymeansofwhatiscalledpowertake-off(p.t.o).Inp.t.o.drive,themovingpartofthemachinethetractorispulling,suchastheknifebladeofamower,isturneddirectlybyashaftdrivenbytheengine.

Amongthemanyotherfarmmachines,combineharvestersareprobablythemostimportant.Theyaresocalledbecausetheycombinetheactionsofreapingandthreshing.Cerealsarethemain,butnottheonlycropsthatareharvestedwiththecombine.Peasandbeanscanalsobeharvestedwithit.

Growingplantstaketheirnourishmentfromthesoil.Theyneedcertainessentialelements,particularlycalcium,nitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassium,iftheyaretogrowwell.Itstandstoreasonthataftereverycroptherewillbelessoftheseelementsremaininginthesoilforasubsequentcrop.Toensureagoodcropeverytime,farmersapplyfertilizerstothesoilbeforeplantingtoreplacetheessentialelementsthepreviouscropremoved.

Thefarmer'straditionalfertilizerisfarm-yardmanure,arottedmixtureofdungandstraw.Itimprovesthetextureofthesoilaswell.Butthereisnotenoughmanuretosupplytheneedsofamodernfarmer,andartificialfertilizersarewidelyusedinstead.Thereareavarietyofartificialfertilizers,eachsupplyingcertainoftheessentialelements.Sulphateofammoniasuppliesnitrogen,superphosphateoflimesuppliesphosphorus,bonemealsuppliesbothnitrogenandphosphorus,sulphateofpotashsuppliespotassium,andtherearemany,manymore.Superphosphateisprobablyoneofthemostwidelyusedofallthefertilizers.Limeisalsoaddedtothesoilonalargescale.Itisvaluablenotonlyasafertilizerbutalsoasasoilconditioner.

Ofcourse,stimulatingcropsintobettergrowthmakestheweedsgrowbetter,too!Fortunatelythechemisthascometotheaidoffarmersanddevelopedselectiveweed-killers,properlycalledherbicides,forusewiththeircrops.Herbicideshaveaselectiveactioninthattheykilltheweedsbutleavethecropunharmed.Theyareusedparticularlywiththecerealcrops.Chemistshavealsodevelopedawiderangeoffungicidestokillfungusdiseases,suchaspotatoblightorrustnwheat,whichcoulddevastatethecrops.Farmerswagecontinualwaragainstinsects,too.Maggots,beetles,andweevilscandountolddamageiftheyarenotchecked.Again,modernsciencehasproducedpowerfulinsecticidestoprotectcropsagainstinsectattack.

1.Whatisthesymboloftraditionalfarming?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,tractor（）.

3.Tosupplytheneedsofmodernfarming（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

5.Theword"revolution"inline1ofparagraph3canbebestreplacedby（）.

6.Theword"they"inline2ofparagraph5refersto（）.

7.Thephrase“cometotheaidof”inline2ofthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

问题1选项

A.Ploughingthesoil,plantingseeds,harvestingcropsandraisinganimals.

B.Enrichingthesoilwithartificialfertilizers.

C.Hardfarmworkisdonebymanuallaborandanimals

D.Ploughingthesoilwithtractors.

问题2选项

A.doesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid

B.isusedtobreakupthesoilsowtheseedsandcarriesmanure

C.replacesbothmenandanimalsandprovidespowertodriveothermachinery

D.hastwomassivewheelsattherear

问题3选项

A.growingplantsneedcertainessentialelements

B.farmersapplymanurebeforeplanting

C.stimulatingcropsintobettergrowthalsohassideeffect

D.artificialfertilizersarewidelyused

问题4选项

A.therearetremendousdifferencesbetweentraditionalfarmingandmodemfarming

B.inmodernfarmingtractorisessential

C.fertilizersarethesymbolofmodemfarming

D.farmersseldomapplymanurenow

问题5选项

A.gradualchange

B.completechange

C.suddenchange

D.slowchange

问题6选项

A.generalfarmmachines

B.farmers

C.tractors

D.combineharvesters

问题7选项

A.runheretohelp

B.cometothearea

C.offerhelpto

D.serveasanaide

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:C

【解析】1.根据第一段第三句“Traditionalfanning,inwhichmostofthehardworkonthefarmisdonebymanuallaborandanimals,isstillpracticedinmanycountries.”许多国家仍在实行传统农业,在这种农业中,大多数繁重的劳动是由体力劳动和由动物来完成的。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第三段最后两句“Inthisrespectitdoesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid.Butatractordoesmorethanjustpull.Italsoprovidespowertodriveothermachinery...”拖拉机所做的工作与以前的马或牛一样,但是拖拉机不仅仅如此,它还可以为其他机器提供动力。由此可知,选项C符合原文。

3.根据倒数第二段第三句“Butthereisnotenoughmanuretosupplytheneedsofamodemfarmer,andartificialfertilizersarewidelyusedinstead.”没有足够的肥料供应现代农民的需求,所以人工肥料被广泛使用。选项D与原文描述一致。

4.结合一二段的内容可知,现代农业和传统农业有很大的差异,选项A正确；选项B和C表述太绝对；选项D在文中没有提及。

5.根据句意：机器的出现对于农业来说是一个巨大的变革,也就是说农业发生了彻底的变化,选项B最符合原文语境。

6.结合上下文以及句意可知,这里的they指的是上句提到的combineharvesters,选项D正确。

7.根据下文可知,除草剂可以杀死杂草,但不伤害作物。由此可知cometotheaidof指提供帮助,所以选项C正确。

14.单选题

His（

）wordsreachedtheeffecthewantedandpeoplegavemoneytohelphim.

问题1选项

A.elegant

B.eloquent

C.evil

D.excessive

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项elegant“优雅的”；B选项eloquent“有口才的，有说服力的”；C选项evil“邪恶的”；D选项excessive“极度的，过分的”。句意：他的能言善辩达到了他想要的效果，人们纷纷捐钱来帮助他。选项B符合语境。

15.单选题

AtfirstJackieprayed,frozeninfear,butgraduallyhisterror（

）curiosity.

问题1选项

A.gaveawayto

B.gavewayto

C.goawayto

D.livedupto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项giveawayto“泄露，赠送，告发”；B选项givewayto“向……让步，向……妥协，被……替代”；C选项goawayto“离开，消失，外出”；D选项liveupto“遵守（诺言），符合，不辜负（期望）”。句中的but表示转折关系，可推测此处是指由最差的恐惧到后面的好奇，B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：起初Jackie在恐惧中祈祷，但渐渐地，他的恐惧被好奇替代。

16.单选题

Whowouldhavethoughtwewouldbecomeaplanetof“ologies”？There’sbiology,psychology,herpetology,etymology,andgeologyjusttonameafew.However,one“ology”trulyhelpsustounderstandthemostpartofourplanet,ourenvironment.Ecology(whichisfilledwithecologists)isthestudyofecosystemsandthebeingsandorganismsthatinhabitthoseecosystems.Justthink,inconditionofbees,deerandotherorganisms,youareimportanttoecologists.

Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.Theycanbeassmallasapatchofglassoraslargeastheentirebiosphere.Themanyvarietiesofplantsandanimalsthatexistinourplanetecosystemsareimportanttoourecosystems.Plantsinparticularprovideoxygenandnutrientsallorganismsneedtosurvive.Theseproducershavetheabilitytousethesun’senergytoproducefood(thinkphotosynthesis).Thisiswheretheanimalsandconsumersbecomeimportant.Theanimalsgettheirenergybyeatingtheplantsandotherorganismswithintheecosystem.Withouttheproducersandconsumers,decomposerswouldnothaveajob.Asyoumayhaveguests,decomposers,likebacteria,stepinbrokendown,theorganicmaterialsareabsorbedbythesoilandgasesaresentbackintoouratmosphere.ThewholeprocessisreadytostartagainthroughtheEarth’snaturalcycles.Therehastobeabalanceofproducers,consumers,decomposersinordertoremainabalancedecosystem.

Remember,allorganismsneedmatterandenergytosurvive.Anecosystemisbalancedwhenmatterandenergymoveefficientlythroughthoseecosystems.Justasyourbackpackhasalimitonthenumberofhugetextbooksitcancarryatanygiventime,allecosystemshavealimitonthepopulationstheycanmaintain.Carryingcapacityisthelargestpopulationanecosystemcansupportatanyparticulartime.Thesupportofthispopulationdependsontheamountofresources(matterandenergy)thatareavailableandthemovementofthoseresourceswithinthatecosystem.Ifenergyandmatteraremovingefficientlythroughanecosystem,thenthecurrentpopulationofplantsandanimalshasnotreachedbeyondtheecosystem’scarryingcapacity.Onceresourcesdwindleoranimalpopulationsincreasedramatically,theecosystemmaynotbeabletosupportthosepopulations.Fortunately,naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems:ecologicalresponsestochange,energytransfer,andfoodchainsandfoodwebs.

1.Thepurposeofstartingthearticlewiththeword-ending“ology”(Line1,Paragraph1)is（）.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,theecosystems（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,theword“producers”(Line3,Paragraph2)refersto（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatintheecosystemthejobforthe“decomposer”(Lines6,Paragraph2)isto（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,（）hasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceoftheecosystems.

问题1选项

A.totracetheoriginof“ology”

B.togiveanexampleforthemeaningof“ology”

C.tointroducetheterm“ecology”

D.toillustratetheimportanceofbalancingtheecosystems

问题2选项

A.areindangerofbeingdestroyed

B.areverysmallinsize

C.referonlytotheentirebiosphere

D.varygreatlyinsizeandlocation

问题3选项

A.plants

B.animals

C.ecologists

D.consumers

问题4选项

A.absorbthesun’senergy

B.produceoxygenandnutrients

C.breakdownthedungandtheremainsofdeadorgan

D.eattheplantsandanimals

问题5选项

A.humanbeings

B.theenvironment

C.animalsandplants

D.nature

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据原文可知，作者之所以用后缀“ology”开始文章，目的在于引出本文的主题：生态学。选项C正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句“Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.”生态系统是大小和位置不同的群体，选项D与原文表述一致。

3.词义推断题。结合上下文及句意可知，“producers”即上句提及的“Plants”。选项A正确。

4.信息推断题。根据第二段的倒数第三句“分解者，如细菌，进入分解，有机物质被土壤吸收，气体被送回我们的大气层。”选项C动物的粪便和残骸均属于有机物，所以正确。

5.事实细节题。根据最后一段最后一句“naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems...”可知选项D正确。

17.单选题

ForalargenumberofyoungadultsinBritainhomeownershiphasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttoachieve,viewedasadistantgoalattainableonlylaterinlife,ifatall.

ThatisasignificantshiftinBritain.ForyearsownersoccupyahigherpercentageofhomesinBritainthanintheUnitedStates,France,orGermany.OnereasonhomeownershipissoattractiveinBritainisbecausepropertyvaluesdroppedlessdrasticallythanintheUnitedStates,inpartbecauseofashortageinhousing.Pricesinsomelargecities,includingLondon,haveevenincreasedrecently.Peoplestillperceiveahometobeabetterandsaferinvestmentthanapensionfund,saidAndrewHull,researchfellowattheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearch.“Homeownershipisalsoculturallyentrenched,”hesaid.“Owningahomeisthemainwayofshowingyoumadeit.”

Thebigshifttowardhomeownershipcameinthe1980swhenMrs.Thatcherissuedright-to-buypolicy,whichallowedmanyinrentedgovernmenthousingtobuytheirhomes.Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.Atthesametime,therentalmarketbecameincreasinglyunattractive.UnlikeGermanyandotherContinentalEuropeancountries,Britain’sprivaterentalmarketishighlyfragmented,withmanylandlordsandlawsthatgenerallyfavorthepropertyowner.Mostleasesarefor