考研考博-英语-吉林大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

2010年头5个月，通用汽车公司在华销量超过100万辆，提前完成了当年200万辆目标的一半。西门子计划未来三年在华投资10亿欧元（合12.9亿美元），而2011年之前，大众已在华追加16亿欧元的投资。截至2013年5月底，在华注册外资企业数量累计近69万家，实际利用外资总额超过了1万亿美元。《世界是平的》一书的作者托马斯•弗里德曼，以及曾在美国总统比尔•克林顿时期担任商务部副部长的罗伯特•夏皮罗等众多专家均高度肯定中国的对外开放。

(参考词汇：aheadofschedule;Siemens;Volkswagen;actually-utilizedforeigninvestment;deputysecretary)

【答案】

Inthefirstfivemonthsof2010,GeneralMotorssoldmorethanlmillionvehiclesinChina,meetinghalfofits2010targetof2millionaheadofschedule.Siemenswillinvest€1billion($1.29billion)inthenextthreeyears,withVolkswagenadding€1.6billionby2011.BytheendofMay2013,therehadbeen690,000registeredforeigncompaniesinChina,investingmorethan$ltrillion.WriterssuchasThomasFriedman,authorofTheWorldIsFlat,andRobertShapiro,formerUSundersecretaryofcommerceunderPresidentBillClinton,havespokenhighlyofoureffortstoopenup.

2.单选题

Thegovernment（）aheavytaxontobacco,whicharousedoppositionfromthetobaccoindustry.

问题1选项

A.pronounced

B.imposed

C.complied

D.prescribed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:政府征收烟草税，这激起烟草行业的反对。

考查固定搭配pronounce宣告，断言；impose征税，强加，通常与on搭配使用;compile编译，编制；prescribe指示，规定。因此，B项符合句意。

3.单选题

Everyonehasalegal（

）toprovidethetaxofficewithdetailsoftheirearnings.

问题1选项

A.refinement

B.constriction

C.obligation

D.impulsion

【答案】C

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项refinement“改进，改善”；B选项constriction“收缩，压缩”；C选项obligation“义务，职责”；D选项impulsion“冲动”。

句意：每个人都有法律义务向税务局提供他们收入的详细情况。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

The（

）ofairplaneenginesannouncedacomingairraid.

问题1选项

A.roar

B.exclamation

C.whistle

D.scream

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。roar咆哮，轰鸣；exclamation感叹，惊叫；whistle呼啸声；scream尖叫声。

句意：飞机引擎的轰鸣声宣布空袭即将来临。选项A符合句意。

5.问答题

GNPbecomesanobsoletemeasureofprogressinasocietystrivingtomeetpeople’sneedsasefficientlyaspossibleandwiththeleastdamagetotheenvironment.Whatcountsisnotgrowthinoutput,butthequalityofservicesrendered.(1)Bicyclesandlightrail,forinstance,arelessresources-intensiveformsoftransportationasautomobilesare，andcontributelesstoGNR.(2)Butshifttomasstransitandcyclingformostpassengertripswouldenhanceurbanlifebyeliminatingtrafficjams，reducingsmog，andmakecitiessaferforpedestrians.(3)GNPwouldgoup，butoverallwell-beingwouldincrease—underscoringtheneedfornewindicatorsofprogress.

Likewise,investinginwater-efficientappliancesandirrigationsystemsinsteadofbuildingmoredamsanddiversioncanalswouldmeetwaterneedswithlessharmtotheenvironment.(4)Sincemassivewaterprojectsconsumeresourcesthanefficiencyinvestmentsdo,GNPwouldtendtodecline.Butqualityoflifewouldimprove.(5)ItbecomesclearlythatstrivingtoboostGNPisofteninappropriateandcounterproductive.AsecologistandphilosopherGarrettHardinputsit.(6)“ForastatesmantotrytomaximizetheGNPisaboutassensibleasforacomposerofmusictotrytomaximizethenumberofnoteinasymphony.’’

Abandoninggrowthasanoverridinggoaldoesnotmeanforsakingthepoor.(7)Risingincomesandmaterialconsumptionareessentialtoimprovingwell-beinginmanyoftheThirdWorld.(8)Butcontrarytothatpoliticalleadersimply,globaleconomicgrowthascurrentlypursuedisnotthesolutiontopoverty.Despitethefivefoldriseinworldeconomicoutputsince1950,1.2billionpeople—morethanever—liveinabsolutepovertytoday.Moregrowthofthesortengineeredinrecentdecadeswillnotsavethepoor,onlyanewsetofprioritiescan.

Formidablebarriersstandinthewayofshiftingfromgrowthtorealprogressasthecentralgoalofeconomicpolicy.(9)Visionthatgrowthconjuresupofanexpandingpieofrichesisapowerfulandconvenientpoliticaltoo!Becauseitallowsthetoughissuesofincomeinequalityandskewedwealthdistributiontobeavoid.(10)Peopleassumethatasfarasthereis—growth,thereishopethatthelivesofthepoorcanbebetteredwithoutsacrificesfromtherich.Thereality,however,isthatachievinganenvironmentallysustainableglobaleconomyisnotpossiblewithouttherichlimitingtheirconsumptioninordertoleaveroomforthepoortoincreasetheirs.

【答案】1.考查比较级。此句表示自行车和轻轨，与汽车相比，对国民总收入的贡献也较小，因此用比较级than，less...than意为“比……少”。

试题答案：as改成than

2.考查语法一致原则。此处是由and连接的并列结构，其动词形式应与前面的“eliminatingtrafficjams，reducingsmog”保持一致。

试题答案：make改成making

3.考查上下文语义。由句中的连词but可知此处表示转折关系，因此国民生产总值会上升，但整体福利会下降。

试题答案：increase改成decrease

4.考查比较级。由句中的than以及句意（由于大面积水域工程消耗的资源比有效投资消耗的资源多）可知consume后面需要加“more”，修饰resources。

试题答案：在consume后面加“more”

5.考查系动词。句中的become属于状态变化类系动词，后面接形容词接表语。

试题答案：clearly改成clear

6.考查名词复数。thenumberof后面接名词的复数形式。

试题答案：note改成notes

7.考查不定式。由句中的不定式to可知后面接动词原形。

试题答案：improving改成improve

8.考查关系代词。what在句中充当介词to的宾语，也充当imply的宾语。

试题答案：that改成what

9.考查固定搭配。conjureupsth.outof意为“使某物突然或意外出现”。

试题答案：在up后而加“out”

10.考查固定搭配。aslongas意为“只要”。

试题答案：far改成long

6.单选题

Thechildren'smercurialnatureswereinsharpcontrasttotheeven-tempereddispositionsoftheirparents.

问题1选项

A.artless

B.volatile

C.blithe

D.graceful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：孩子们反复无常的性格和他们父母平和的性格形成了鲜明的对比。A选项artless“天真的，朴实的”；B选项volatile“不稳定的，反复无常的”；C选项blithe“愉快的”；D选项graceful“优雅的，优美的”。根据句意可知，mercurial应该是和even-tempered意思相反，mercurial意为“活泼善变的”，选项B与之意思相近，代入符合语境。

7.翻译题

Anotherinnovationwillmakethosehard-to-rememberpasswordsobsolete.Soon,inordertoaccessoure-mailorbankaccount,we’lluseatechnologyknownasbiometrics.Atinysensorcouldconfirmyouridentitybyrecognizingtheuniquepatternsintheretinaofyoureye.“Imaginethatthingsrecognizeyou,”Meyersonsays.“YouwalkuptoanATM.Ittakesonelookatyouandsays,‘Yep,you’reyou.’”Withinfiveyears,it’spossiblewe’llnolongerbeinundatedwithjunkmail,becauseanewelectronicdevicewilldeleteitbeforeweeverseeit.“Thatdevice,asyouactuponit,asyoueliminatemail,youdon’treadit,youjustlookatitandkillit,”Meyersonsays,“afterawhileitlearnsyourhabitsandworksasyourassistantbyeliminatingstuffyouneverwantedanyway.Weanticipatethat,infiveyears,betterthan80percentofcoverageoftheworldpopulationsbycellularphonesandsmartphones.Atthispoint,imaginehaving,forinstance,theabilitytospeakopenlywithanybodyanywhere,anytimeandinanylanguage,real-timetranslation—literallytheoldStarTrekideaofauniversaltranslatorcomingtobe.”

【答案】答：

另一项科技创新将让那些难记的密码消失。不久，我们将能用一种被称为生物辨识的科技进入电邮信箱或银行帐号。这种小型的传感可以通过识别你独有的视网膜来确认你的身份。梅尔森说：“想象一下这个小东西记得你。你走到一个提款机，传感器看了你一眼说，‘嘿，我知道你是谁。’”在5年内，我们将不会再被垃圾邮件淹没，因为一个新的电子装置将在我们看到垃圾邮件前就把它删掉了。梅尔森说：“打开此装置，在你删邮件的时候，你不用读邮件，你只要看它一眼然后删掉。如此过一阵子，这个装置就把你的习惯学起来，就像你的助理一样帮你删掉你不想看的邮件。我们预期5年内世界超过80%人口将拥有移动电话和智能手机。到时，想象一下，比如，我们可以随时随地与说任意一种语言的人讲话，这种实时翻译的能力不就是《星际迷航》的宇宙翻译者的概念！”

8.单选题

AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto（）togetherinresearchactivities.

问题1选项

A.specialize

B.participate

C.consist

D.involve

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。specialize“使专门化”；participate“参与”；consist“由…组成”;involve“包含，牵涉”。句意：麻省理工学院教育的一个特色是学生和老师都有机会一起参与研究活动。B项符合题意，故答案B。

9.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

世外桃源

陶渊明写过一篇文章叫《桃花源记》。文中讲述了一个渔人出外捕鱼时，偶然来到一个叫“桃花源”的地方。从这里的一个山洞穿过去，发现了一个村子。这是一个与世隔绝，没有压迫和剥削，人人安居乐业的美好世界。渔人告别村民回家以后，却再也找不到这个地方了。现在人们用这个成语比喻与世隔绝的美好世界。

【答案】TaoYuanmingwroteanarticlecalled“PeachBlossomSpring”.Ittellsastorywhichgoeslikethis:Afishermanhappenedtocomeuponaplacecalled“PeachblossomLand”.Squeezingthroughacave,hefoundavillage.Itwasaparadiseisolatedfromtheoutsideworld,withoutexploitationoroppression,andeverybodylivingandworkinginpeaceandcontentment.Thefishermanleftthevillagersandwenthome.Buthecouldneverfindtheplaceagain.Nowpeopleusethisidiomtomeananisolated,idealworld.

10.单选题

TheEighteenthAmendment,oftencalledtheProhibitionAct,______thesaleofalcoholicbeverages.

问题1选项

A.prolonged

B.preempted

C.sanctioned

D.proscribed

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.prolonged延长B.preempted取得优先权；先占

C.sanctioned许可；实施制裁D.proscribed宣布禁止

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词theProhibitionAct（禁令）可知，______thesaleofalcoholicbeverages表达的是“禁止销售酒类饮料”。因此，空格处填入D项符合。

【干扰项排除】

A、B项不符合句意；

C项一般指通过法律行动上实施惩罚，不符合句意。

【句意】第十八修正案，通常被称为禁酒令，禁止销售酒类饮料。

11.单选题

Tosaythatthechildlearns（1）imitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitatesevery（2）hesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimto（3）isignoredwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturn（4）

Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackinga（5）response.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertain（6）.

Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreason（7）whattodo,heobservesa（8）whoseemsabletogettheright（9）.Thechildlooksfora/an（10）

Thereisasecondelementat（11）inthissituation.Thechildmaybeableto（12）hisimmediategoalonlyto（13）thathismethodbringscriticism（14）peoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heis（15）emphaticallythatthisactionisunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesireto（16）anyobjectivesituationisoverlaid（17）thedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreaffectionand（18）

someactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemust（20）responseshissocialgroupapproves.

问题1选项

A.through

B.from

C.by

D.with

问题2选项

A.action

B.thing

C.situation

D.adult

问题3选项

A.learn

B.set

C.imitate

D.follow

问题4选项

A.from

B.to

C.for

D.into

问题5选项

A.ready

B.immediate

C.good

D.reasonable

问题6选项

A.ends

B.purpose

C.intention

D.goal

问题7选项

A.up

B.for

C.through

D.out

问题8选项

A.student

B.example

C.model

D.child

问题9选项

A.effect

B.reward

C.result

D.outcome

问题10选项

A.professional

B.authority

C.specialist

D.teacher

问题11选项

A.working

B.work

C.thework

D.his

问题12选项

A.attain

B.find

C.acquire

D.grasp

问题13选项

A.tell

B.get

C.find

D.realize

问题14选项

A.to

B.into

C.from

D.outof

问题15选项

A.informed

B.asked

C.notified

D.told

问题16选项

A.solve

B.face

C.encounter

D.avoid

问题17选项

A.by

B.with

C.in

D.for

问题18选项

A.like

B.love

C.consent

D.approval

问题19选项

A.grant

B.appraise

C.reward

D.award

问题20选项

A.do

B.take

C.adopt

D.employ

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:B

第12题:A

第13题:C

第14题:C

第15题:D

第16题:A

第17题:B

第18题:D

第19题:C

第20题:C

【解析】（1）by表示“通过”。句意：孩子通过模仿学习,符合句意。

（2）根据原文推测,孩子模仿的是动作,而不是人或某个东西,所以选项A符合原文。

（3）followtheexample意为“模仿,效仿”。

（4）turnto转向,求助于。这里表示的是我们必须求助于一个独特的理论。

（5）根据下文中的areadyresponse,可知这里也应填入ready。areadyresponse快速的反应。因为孩子面对的是新的情形,所以他无法做出快速的反应。

（6）gainone'sends为固定搭配,意为达到目的,成功。这里指孩子会寻求做出某种反应来实现某种目的。

（7）这里表达的是孩子面对这种情形缺少做出反应的能力,就不知道该怎么做。reasonout“推理出,推断出”,符合句意,选项D符合句意。

（8）根据原文：当孩子不知道该怎么做时,他会找一个榜样,观察这个榜样是怎么做的。选项C符合原文。

（9）这里指的是孩子所找到的榜样,榜样是能够获得好的结果的。result泛指结果本身,outcome强调一件事情的结局,所以选项C更符合原文。

（10）根据原文：孩子们找寻权威或专家来告诉他们该做什么。填空处的词应与expert意思相近,authority“权威”相对来说更符合原文。

（11）atwork为固定搭配，意为“起作用”。原文指“在这种情形下,还有第二种因素在起作用”。

（12）attainone'sgoal为固定搭配，意为“达到目标”。这里强调的是目标的实现,所以选项A符合原文。

（13）根据原文：孩子可能能够实现自己的目标,但是发现自己的方法会招来批评。选项C符合句意。

（14）这里的批评来自于那些观察他的人,强调的是来源,所以应填入介词from。

（15）句意：传递消息通过大声喊叫,别人就会告诉他这种行为是令人不愉快的。tell“告诉”,较口语化,符合句意。inform和notify过于正式,ask与句意不符。

（16）原文指的是处理面对的这种情形,选项A正确。

（17）beoverlaidwith为固定搭配,意为“被……掩盖”。

（18）句意：当父母喜欢他的做事方法时,他就会获得更多的爱和支持。love与affection同义,故排除。

（19）reward“回报”；award“授予,颁发”。原文指对孩子行为的认可和回报,所以选项C正确。

（20）句意：想要获得别人的支持和自尊,他就必须采用他的群体所支持的方法。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

1.Lovehastoppledkings,inspiredpoets,sparkedwars,soothedbeasts,andchangedthecourseofhistory.Itiscreditedforlife'sgreatestjoys,blamedforthemostcrushingsorrows.Andofcourse,it"makestheworldgoaround."

2.Allofwhichisnosurprisetobiologists.Theyknowthatloveiscentraltohumanexistence.Wearenotjustprogrammedforreproduction.Thecapacityforlovingemotionsisalsowrittenintoourbiochemistry,essentialifchildrenaretogrowandtothrive.Andlove'sabsencecanbedevastating.Thelossofaspouseoftenhastensdeathinolderpeople.

3.Lovebeganwithmotherhood.Formammalianyoungtosurvive,mothersmustinvestconsiderabletimeandenergyinthem.Ofcourse,thevaryinggrowthratesofmammalianspeciesrequiresomemotherstoinvestmoretimeandenergythanothers.Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.

4.Withthehelpofoxytocin(achemicalthatfostersthebondbetweenmothersandchildren),dotingmothersareabletocatertotheiroffspring'severywhimandwhimper.Whenfemalesofmostmammalianspeciesgivebirth,theirbodiesarefloodedwithoxytocin,knownsince1906asahormonethatstimulatesuterinecontractionsandallowthebreaststo"letdown"milk.Butoxytocinalsoactsasaneurotransmitter,orchemicalmessenger,thatcanguidebehavior.Withoutit,aewecannotrecognizeherownlamb.Avirginfemaleratgivenashotofoxytocinwillnuzzleanotherfemale'spups,crouchingoverthemprotectivelyasiftheywereherown.

5.Studiesofasmallrodentknownastheprairievole,acuddlyballoffur,whosematingbondoflifelongmonogamywouldputmosthumancouplestoshame,indicateoxytocinmayalsoplayaroleintheheadyfeelingsassociatedwithromance."Youjustcan'timaginehowmuchtimetheseanimalsspendtogether.Prairievolesalwayswanttobewithsomebody,"saysCarter.Thevoles'undyingdevotionistheworknotonlyofoxytocinbutalsoofarelatedhormone,vasopressin.Whensinglemaleandfemaleprairievolesmeet;theycommenceatwo-day-longboutofsexthatreleasesoxytocininthefemale'sbrain,bondinghertothemale,whoprefershismate'scompanyaboveallothers,guardinghisfamilyagainstintruderswithajealoushusband'szeal.

6.Likesomehumanplayboys,maleprairievolesseemtogetakickoutofcourtshipmixedwithdanger.CarterandcolleagueCourtneyDeVriesmadeyoung,unmatedvolesswimforthreeminutesbeforeallowingthemtomeetaprospectivemate.Theexerciseelevatedtheanimals'stresshormones,whicharealsoheightenedbyfear.Butwhilefemalesscurriedoffaftertheswimwithoutbondingtothemalesastheynormallywould,malevolesbondedfasterthanever.

7.Humanbeings—unlikerodents—arenotentirelyslavestotheirhormones.Butthebehaviorofvolesmayholdcluestowhymenandwomensometimesholddivergentviewsofsexandromance.Whilemanywomenprefercandlelightandsweettalk,menaremoreapttowelcomearollinthehayanytime,anywhere.Forsomemen(andsomewomen),sexisespeciallyenticingwhenforbidden.CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.

8.Passionateorplatonic,loveaffectsthewholebody,settingtheheartpounding,makingthestomachdoflip-flops,andofcourse,lightingthelionsonfire.Thesevisceralsensationsaretheworkofthevagusnerve,whichtracesameanderingpaththroughthebody,coordinatingtheactivitiesofinternalorgans,saystheUniversityofMaryland'sStephenPorges.Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.

9.Withoutthevagus,saysPorges,lovewouldbeimpossible.Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.This"old"vagusrespondstooxytocinandservesasthepathwaybetweensexualorgansandthebrainforfeelingsofbotharousalandsatiationaftersex.ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.

10.Inotherwords,thepoetsandbardswerefightaboutonething.Theheartspeaksthelanguageoflove.AsEnglishpoetW.H.Audenwrote:"Whereloveisstrengthened,hoperestored,inheartsbychemicalaccord.Itmaynotliterallyskipabeatatthesightofone'sdesireorbreakwithsorrow,buttheheart'srhythmsareexquisitelytunedtolove."

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfrompassageaboutelephantseals?

2.Thedifferentloveritualsemployedbymenandwomencouldbeattributedtothepresenceofwhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethebestanalogytothevagusnervedescribedinParagraph8?

4.Animalsequippedonlywith"old"vaguscanNOTdowhichofthefollowing?

5.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thefemalesareirresponsiblemothers.

B.Theiryoungtakelesstimetogrowupthanyoungelephants.

C.Theyhaveashorterlifespanthanelephants.

D.Theyreproducemorerapidlythanelephant.

问题2选项

A.Oxytocin.

B.Vasopressin.

C.Interactionofoxytocinandvasepressin.

D.Stresshormones.

问题3选项

A.Ahighwaybetweentwocites.

B.Airrouteslinkingmajorcitiesaroundtheworld.

C.TheWorldWideWeb.

D.CircuitslinkingtheCPUandtheaccessoriesinthecomputer.

问题4选项

A.Feelhungry.

B.Experiencefear.

C.Feelsexualarousal.

D.Faciallyexpressemotions.

问题5选项

A.indicatethatpoetsandbardsaremostcapableofexpressinglove

B.implythatloveisexpressedthroughtheheartratherthroughthefaceorthevoice

C.givesupporttothestatementthatnewerbranchesofvagusconnecttheemotionalbraincenterstotheheart,thefaceandthevocalequipment

D.drawaconclusionbasedonthefactsinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干中的elephantseals可定位到文章第三段中，由Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.（一只海象在抛弃它的幼仔之前只给它喂奶了几个星期；其他物种，包括大象、一些灵长类动物，特别是人类，多年来一直在关注他们的幼仔）可知B选项“海象的幼仔比小象花更少的时间长大”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第七段中的CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.（Carter和DeVries怀疑压力荷尔蒙会干扰大脑中的后叶催产素，阻止雌性田鼠与雄性结合，可能同样导致大多数女性认为危险并不具有性吸引力。相反，后叶加压素与压力荷尔蒙则产生不同的效果，可能促使多数男性认为危险具有性吸引力）可知压力荷尔蒙与不同的激素结合，在男性和女性身上会产生不同的效果，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。题干：以下哪项可能是第8段所述迷走神经的最佳类比？

由文章第八段中的Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.（迷走神经在内脏和大脑之间传递信号，将身体内部状态向上传递给大脑，再将大脑指令传递给心脏、胃、肺以及性器官）可知D选项“连接CPU和计算机附件的电路”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第九段中的Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.（迷走神经的一部分从人类进化初期就出现，控制着性、饥饿和恐惧等原始功能）可知迷走神经不包括面部表情，因此选D。

5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句Inotherwords（换句话说）可知本段是对上一段的内容进行补充说明，由第九段最后一句ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.（但Porges认为，在哺乳动物中，迷走神经的新分支也连接大脑情感中心与心脏、脸部、发声器官、帮助协调感觉与面部和语言表达）可知C选项“支持一种说法，即迷走神经的新分支将大脑情感中心与心脏、面部和发声器官连接起来”符合题意。

13.单选题

Onlywhenchildrenmake___effortscantheybecomesuccessful.

问题1选项

A.arduous

B.adequate

C.affluent

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项arduous“努力的；费力的；险峻的”；B选项adequate“充足的（能满足需要的，不强调富余）；适当的；胜任的”；C选项affluent“富裕的；丰富的（有很多钱和良好的生活水平）；流畅的”；D选项abundant“丰富的；充裕的；盛产的（着重某物极为丰富有或大量的供应）”。句意：只有当孩子们做出足够的努力，他们才能成功。本句表达“足够的努力”，因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

Howcanacompanyimproveitssales?Oneofthekeystomoreeffectivesellingisforacompanytofirstdecideonits“salesstrategy.”Inotherwords,whatistheroleofthesalesperson?Isthesalesperson’sjobnarrative,suggestiveorconsultative?

The“narrative”salesstrategydependsonthesalespersonmovingquicklyintoastandardsalespresentation.Hisorherpitchhighlightsthebenefitsforthecustomerofaparticularproductorservice.Thisapproachismosteffectiveforcustomerswhosebuyingmotivesarebasicallythesameandisalsowellsuitedtocompanieswhohavealargenumberofprospects(可能的主顾)onwhichtocall.

The“suggestive”approachistailoredmorefortheindividualcustomer.Thesalespersonmustbeinapositiontoofferalternativerecommendationsthatmeetaparticularcustomer’sneeds.Onekeyaspectofthesuggestiveapproachistheneedforthesalespersontoengagethebuyerinsomesortofdiscussion.Thesalespersoncanusetheinformationgleanedfromthecustomertosuggestanappropriateproductorservice.

“Wetelloursalespeopletobelikewinestewards.”saysMindyShawnee,acorporatesalestrainer,“thewinestewardfirstcheckstoseewhatfoodthecustomerhasorderedandthenopensbysuggestingthewinethatbestcomplementsthedish.Mostcompanieswhouseanarrativestrategyshouldbeusingasuggestivestrategy.Justlikeyoucan’tdrinkredwinewitheverydish,youcan’thaveonesalesrecommendationtosuitallcustomers.”

Thefinalstrategydemandsthatacompany’ssalesstaffactas“consultants’’forthebuyer.Inthisrole,thesalespersonmustacquireagreatdealofinformationaboutthecustomer.Theydothisthroughmarketresearch,surveys,andface-to-facediscussions.Usingthisinformation,thesalespersonmakesadetailedpresentationtailoredspecificallytoacustomer’sneeds.

“Goodsalesconsultants,”saysAlanGoldfarb,presidentofADPro,Inc.,“arethepeoplewhouseawiderangeofskillsincludingprobing,listening,analysis,andpersuasiveness.Thebestsalesconsultants,however,aretheoneswhocanthinkoutsidetheboxandusetheircreativitytopresentaproductandclosethesale.Theotherskillsyoucanteach.Creativityisinnate.It’ssomethingwelookforineveryemployeewehire.”

Moreandmoresalesteamsareswitchingfromanarrativeorsuggestiveapproachtoamoreconsultativestrategy.Asaresult,corporationsarelookingmoreatintangiblessuchascreativityandanalyticalskillsandlessatlessateducationalbackgroundandtechnicalskills.

“Thenextcenturywillbeaboutmeetingindividualcustomerneeds.”saysGoldfarb,“thedaysofonesizefitsallareover.”

30.Mindycomparessalespeopletowinestewardsinthat（）.

31.Thebiggestchallengeforaconsultativesalespersonis（）.

32.AccordingtoAlan,creativityinsalespeople（）.

33.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.bothofthemhavetosellproducttotheircustomers

B.bothofthemusetheireloquenttonguetomakealiving

C.bothofthemneedtosuittheirservicetothecustomer’sneeds

D.bothofthemhavetomakerecommendationsallthetime

问题2选项

A.face-to-facediscussion

B.tailor-madepresentation

C.appropriatepitchofvoice

D.largeamountofresearch

问题3选项

A.issomethingthatcan’tbetrainedortaught

B.issomethingthatcanbegainedthroughyearsofexperience

C.istheabilityto“thinkoutsidethebox”

D.istheabilitytopersuadecustomerseffectivelyandefficiently

问题4选项

A.ThePowerofPersuasion

B.NewTrendsintheSalesIndustry

C.SuitYourTacticstotheCustomers

D.TheImportanceofCreativityinSales

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】30.推理判断题。定位在第四段Mindy说Wetelloursalespeopletobelikewinestewards.（我告诉我们的销售人员要像酒水专员一样。）thewinestewardfirstcheckstoseewhatfoodthecustomerhasorderedandthenopensbysuggestingthewinethatbestcomplementsthedish.（酒保首先检查顾客点了什么菜，然后开始推荐最适合这道菜的酒。）由此可知销售人员和酒水专员一样得学会根据客人的喜好再给出建议。因此C选项“两者都需要让其服务符合顾客的需求”正确，符合题意。A选项“两者都必须把产品卖给客户”，B选项“两者都使用他们雄辩的口才谋生”，D选项“两者总是需要提出建议”均不符合题意，故选C。

31.推理判断题。由关键词consultativesalesperson定位到第五段thesalespersonmustacquireagreatdealofinformationaboutthecustomer.Theydothisthroughmarketresearch,surveys,andface-to-facediscussions.Usingthisinformation,thesalespersonmakesadetailedpresentationtailoredspecificallytoacustomer’sneeds.（销售人员必须搜集大量客户信息，可以通过市场研究和调查面对面讨论方式完成。然后利用这些信息制定出特别符合客户需求的详细展示。）对于一位顾问式销售人员来说，需要对客户的信息了解透彻，从而制定出与客户需求特别符合的展示是他们面临的最大挑战。因此B选项“量身定做的展示”正确，符合题意。A选项“面对面讨论”，D选项“大量的研究”。A，D选项是职责内必做的事情。C选项“适当的音调”，属于说明式销售人员的加分项，与顾问式销售人员无关。故选B。

32.客观细节题。定位在文章的第六段Thebestsalesconsultants,however,aretheoneswhocanthinkoutsidetheboxandusetheircreativitytopresentaproductandclosethesale.Theotherskillsyoucanteach.Creativityisinnate.（然而，最好的销售顾问是那些能够跳出框框思考，利用自己的创造力展示产品并完成销售的人。其他的技能可以教。创造力是与生俱来的。）由此可知在Alan看来，一个销售人员的创造力是与生俱来，不能作为技能一样进行教授的。因此A选项“是不能被训练或教导得来的”正确，符合题意。B选项“是可以通过多年的经验获得的”，C选项“是跳出框框思考的能力”，D选项“是有效和高效说服客户的能力”均不符合题意，故选A。

33.主旨大意题。本文介绍了几种销售策略：说明式、建议式和顾问式销售策略。先分别说明各种策略的特点和适用性，然后总结现在销售的趋势，即说明式和建议式向顾问式转变。因此B选项“销售行业的新趋势”正确，符合题意。A选项“说服力”，C选项“使你的策略适合顾客”，D选项“创造力在销售中的重要性”均不符合题意，故选B。

15.单选题

Ifpromptmeasuresaretaken,wearesurethatilliteracyinthisregioncanbe（）innotime.

问题1选项

A.eliminated

B.abandoned

C.diminished

D.withdrawn

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果迅速采取措施，我们相信该地区的文盲现象将很快消除。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。eliminate消除;排除;abandon放弃;遗弃；diminish减少;缩小；withdraw撤退;收回。空格处的逻辑主语是illiteracy(文盲现象)，因此A正确。

16.单选题

Thebittercomponentsinthevegetableswillbereleasedincookingandeventuallythisbitternesswilldissipate.

问题1选项

A.discourage

B.distress

C.uncover

D.dissolve

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.discourage阻止；使气馁B.distress使悲痛；使贫困

C.uncover发现；揭开D.dissolve溶解；消失

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】根据前文苦味成分（Thebittercomponents）会在烹饪过程中释放出来（bereleased）推测，苦味被释放后，就慢慢没有了，D选项dissolve“溶解；消失”符合句意。原词dissipate“消散”。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语境。

【句意】蔬菜中的苦味成分会在烹饪过程中释放出来，最终这种苦味会消散。

17.翻译题

Onemightaskwhyspeculationispermittedwhenthereissorealadangerofloss.Thebasicreasonisthatspeculationcanperformusefulfunctionsintheeconomy.Buyingacommodityorthestockinthebeliefthatpriceswillrisespeedsmarketequilibriumandencouragesfasterentryofmoresuppliers.Ifthepricechangelaggeduntilafteranactualcommoditys