考研考博-英语-吉林艺术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1VIP

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林艺术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thetigercontinuedto（

）usbywalkingroundandroundourtent.

问题1选项

A.trap

B.transplant

C.menace

D.provoke

【答案】C

【解析】trap诱骗,设陷阱；transplant移植；menace威胁,恐吓；provoke激怒,煽动。句意:老虎围绕着帐篷转来转去,继续威胁着我们。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayorofthecity.

问题1选项

A.presumed

B.proposed

C.presented

D.presided

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项presumed“假定，推测”；B选项proposed“建议，打算”；C选项presented“提出，呈递”；D选项presided“主持，担任会议主席”。句意：会议由该市市长（）。本句表示“会议由市长主持”，因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Inthelightofthecurrentsituation,Ihavetoreviewmyplans.

问题1选项

A.Throwinglighton

B.Inlinewith

C.Inaccordancewith

D.Intermsof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项Throwinglighton“阐明”；B选项Inlinewith“符合”；C选项Inaccordancewith“依照”；D选项Intermsof“在……方面”。句意：鉴于目前的形势，我得重新考虑我的计划。划线部分Inthelightof是根据、按照的意思。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

InanarticlesomeChinesescholarsaredescribedasbeing“tantalizedbythemysteriousdragonbonehieroglyphics.”TantalizedisoneofmanyEnglishwordsthathavetheiroriginsinmythsandlegendsofthepast(inthiscase,GreekandRomanones).Themeaningoftheverbtantalizeisaveryparticularone:“topromiseorshowsomethingdesirabletoapersonandthentakeitaway;toteasebyarousinghope.’’Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.Fortantalizethefollowingexplanationisgiven:[>Tantalus].ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology,Tantaluswasakingwhowaspunishedinthelowerworldwitheternalhungerandthirst;hewasputuptohischininwaterthatalwaysmovedawaywhenhetriedtodrinkitandwithfruitonbranchesabovehimplacedjustalittlebitoutofhisreach.Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning“toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire”?

Anotherexampleistheword“siren”,familiartousasthemechanicaldevicethatmakessuchanalarmingsoundwhenpolicecars,ambulances,orfireenginesapproach.ThiswordalsohasitsoriginsinGreekmythology.ThetravelerOdysseus(UlyssestotheRomans)madehismenplugtheirearssothattheywouldn’thearthedangerousvoicesofthesirens,creatureswhowerehalfbirdandhalfwomanandwholuredsailorstotheirdeathsonsharprocks.Sothewordcametobeassociatedbothwithaloudsoundandwithdanger!

Whensomeonespeaksofa“jovialmood”ora“herculeanefforts”,heorsheisusingwords

withoriginsinmythology.Lookthesewordsuptofindtheirmeaningandrelationshiptomyths.

Manycommonwords,suchasthenamesforthedaysoftheweekandthemonthsoftheyear,alsocomefrommythology.WednesdayderivesfromtheancientNorsekingofthegods,Woden,andThursdaywasoriginallyThor’sday,inhonorofThor,thegodofthunder.Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology,includingtheplanetthatisfarthestawayfromthesunandforthatreasonwascalledaftertheRomangodofthedead.Thisgodhasalsogivenhisnametooneofthechemicalelements.Severalotherelementshavenamesthatcomefrommythology,too.

ItseemsthatmythsandlegendsliveonintheEnglishlanguage.

1.ThepurposeofthefirstsentenceinParagraph1is（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassage,allEnglishdictionariesinclude（

）.

3.Theexampleoftantalizeistoshow（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesNOThaveoriginsinmythorlegends?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.toleadreadersontothemaintheme

B.tolinktheprecedingparttothepresentone

C.toarousereaders’interestinhieroglyphics

D.todescribetheworkofsomeChinesescholars

问题2选项

A.legends

B.mythology

C.wordorigins

D.worddefinitions

问题3选项

A.howthewordcameintoexistence.

B.howTantaluswaspunishedinthelowerworld.

C.howallEnglishdictionariesshowwordorigins.

D.howthemeaningofthewordchangedovertheyears.

问题4选项

A.Jovial.

B.March.

C.Earth.

D.Wednesday.

问题5选项

A.MythologyandCommonWords.

B.HistoricalChangesinWordMeanings.

C.MythologicalOriginsofEnglishWords.

D.GreekandRomanMythologyinLanguage.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】段落大意题。文章第一段开头第一句是引出tantalize这个词的描述，接下来的几句话，是说明这个词的来源，它是众多来源于过去的神话和传说的英语单词之一。故推测文章第一段是通过举例说明来引出主题。正确答案选A。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.许多（不是所有）的英语字典都会在词的释义前后，用括号给出简短的词源解释”，故这里可知所有的英语字典都会给出英语单词的释义，但不是都会给出英语单词词源解释，或者有关的神话和传说。所以正确答案为D。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。文章第一段谈到了tantalize这个单词的例子，根据第六句“ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology...这意味着通过坦塔罗斯这个名字找到tantalize单词的词源，如果这样做的话，你就会发现，在希腊神话中……”。接下来就是对于对应单词词源详细解释，结合最后一句话“Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning‘toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire’?现在你能猜出为什么他的名字变成了动词，表示（以唤起欲望来戏弄或者折磨某人）吗”，由此推断可知正确答案选A。选项B是具体的例子里面的描述。选项D和题干无关。选线C无法通过第一段中tantalize单词的例子推断出来。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段第三句“Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology…事实上，所有的行星，除了我们生活的地球外，都是以罗马神话中神的名字命名的……”故这里选C。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。通篇浏览全文，文章都在讲英语单词的词源问题，文章中第一段通过tantalize这个单词的例子引出：许多英语单词来源于神话和传说。第二段到五段都是在举例阐述英语里面的单词来源于神话和传说的这一事实。故正确答案应该选C。

5.翻译题

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’，iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性选择理论

理性选择理论，也被称为选择理论或理性行为理论，是用于理解社会，正式对社会和经济行为的框架。理性，被解释为“对最大利益的追求”，在宏观经济模型中被广泛用作个人行为的假设，并出现在几乎所有经济学教科书中关于人类决策的处理。它也是现代政治学、社会学和哲学的中心。它将“想要更多”与理性工具联系起来，这涉及到寻求最经济有效的手段来实现特定目标，而不考虑该目标的价值。GaryBacker是更广泛地运用理性行为者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧视、犯罪和人力资本而获得1992年诺贝尔经济学奖。

在理性选择理论中，这些成本仅是非本质的或外部的，而不是本质的或者内部的。也就是说，严格的理性选择理论不会根据罪犯的内心的悔恨，内疚，或羞愧等自我惩罚以确定犯罪的成本。一般来说，理性选择理论并不涉及个人道德或伦理意识在决策中的作用。因此，诺贝尔奖获得者AmartyaSen认为，遵循理性选择模式的经济学人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

6.单选题

Icameacrossanoldcountryguidetheotherday.Itlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthecountry,anditwasimpressivetoseethegreatvarietyofserviceswhichwereavailableonone’sowndoorstepinthelateVictoriancountryside.

NowadaysasuperficialtravelerinruralEnglandmightconcludethattheonlyvillagetradesmenstillflourishingwereeithersellingfrozenfoodtotheinhabitantsorsellingantiquestovisitors.Nevertheless,thiswouldreallybeafalseimpression.Admittedlytherehasbeenacontractionofvillagecommerce,butitsvigorisstillremarkable.

Ourlocalgrocer’sshop,forexample,isactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsinthenearesttown.Womensensiblyprefertogothereandexchangethelocalnewswhiledoingtheirshopping,insteadofqueuingup(anonymously)atasupermarket.Andtheproprietorknowswellthatpersonalservicehasasubstantialcashvalue.

Hispricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown,buthewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingofbicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheesetoanoldagepensionerwhosentherorderbywordofmouthwithafriendwhohappenedtobepassing,themoreaffluentcustomerstelephonetheirshoppinglistsandthegoodsareontheirdoorstepswithinanhour.Theyhaveonlytoknitatafancyforsomecommodityoutsidetheusualstockandthegrocer,aredfacedfigure,instantlyobtainsitfromthem.Thevillagegainsfromthissortofenterprise,ofcourse.ButIalsofinditsatisfactorybecauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodestindividualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinghimselftothebigbattalionsofindustryorcommerce.

MostofthevillageshopkeepersIknow,atanyrate,aredecidedlyindividualistintheirways.Forexample,ourshoemakerisaformidablefigure:athickset,irritablemanwhomchildrentreatwithmarkedrespect,knowingthatanilljudgedwordcanprovokeanangryeruptionatanytime.Hestareswithsmoulderingcontemptatthepairsofcheap,massproducedshoestakentohimforrepair:hasitcometothis,heseemstobesaying,thathe,acraftsman,shouldhavetowastehisskillsuponsuchtrash?Butweallknowhewillinfactdoexcellentworkuponthem.Andhemakesbeautifulshoesforthosewhocanaffordsuchluxury.

1.Thewriterconsideredtheoldcountryguideinterestingbecausehefoundinit（

）.

2.Thelocalgrocer’sshopisexpandingeventhough

（

）.

3.Thewriterimpliesthatonedisadvantageoftownshopsisthat

（

）.

4.Thewriterappreciatesthevillageshopbecause

（

）.

5.Whatisthevillageshoemakersreactiontomassproducedshoes?

问题1选项

A.thenamesofsomanyoftheshopsinthevillagearound

B.themanypeoplesellingto,anddoingjobsfor,residentsinlocalvillagesatthetimeitappeared

C.thevarietyofshopsandservicesavailableinVictoriandaysinBritain

D.informationaboutallthejobstherewereinhisownandsurroundingvillagesatthetimeitappeared

问题2选项

A.womenspendalotoftheirtimetherejustgossiping

B.townshopsarelargerandrathercheaper

C.peopleliketoshopwheretheyarelesswellknown

D.peoplegetpersonalserviceinhisshop

问题3选项

A.theirpricesarehigher

B.peoplecannottelephonethem

C.theirstaffmaytakelesstroubletosatisfycustomers

D.onehastoqueueupinthem

问题4选项

A.hewelcomescompetitionwithorganizedbusiness

B.helikestheideathatahumblepersoncanbesuccessful

C.thisisacaseofindividualsuccessinaworldofincreasing

D.hewelcomesanexampleofprivateenterprisesurvivinginanageofgiantcompanies

问题5选项

A.Heconsiderstheyarenotworththeeffortofmendingproperly.

B.Heisangrywiththecustomersforbringingtosuchrubbish.

C.Hedespisestheirquality.

D.Hefeelsexasperatedbecausepeoplewastetheirmoneyoninferiorshoes.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为这本陈旧的乡下导游手册有趣，是因为他在那里发现了……”。文章第一段提到这个导游手册列出了我所在地区每个村庄的每个商人，令人印象深刻的是，在维多利亚晚期的乡村，人们在家门口就可以得到各种各样的服务，由此可知选项B“很多人向当地乡下的居民销售商品或者提供服务”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“当地杂货商的店铺正在扩张，尽管……”。文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管有最近城镇的超市竞争，我们当地的杂货店实际在扩张”（Ourlocalgrocer’sshop,forexample,isactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsinthenearesttown），城镇商店的竞争力主要体现在规模大，东西便宜，选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示城镇商店的劣势之一是……”。文章第四段“乡下商人卖的商品的价格或许比城镇的高，但他们将在任何时间送任何商品，超市的助手不会想到在他们午饭的时间骑自行车去为一个靠养老金生活的老人送一块奶酪”（Hispricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown,buthewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingofbicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheesetoanoldagepensioner），选项C“城镇商店店员不会花太多功夫去满足顾客”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者欣赏乡下商店的原因是……”。文章第四段最后一句“但我觉得它令人满意，因为乡村商店提供了为数不多的几种方式之一，一个谦虚的个人主义者仍然能在这个世界存活，而不必依附于工商业的大阵营”（ButIalsofinditsatisfactorybecauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodestindividualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinghimselftothebigbattalionsofindustryorcommerce），选项B“他喜欢谦逊的人能成功的概念”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“乡村鞋匠对批量生产的鞋子的反应是……”。文章最后一段提到乡村鞋匠带着蔑视的眼光去看那些批量生产的鞋子（Hestareswithsmoulderingcontemptatthepairsofcheap,massproducedshoestakentohimforrepair:hasitcometothis,heseemstobesaying,thathe,acraftsman,shouldhavetowastehisskillsuponsuchtrash?），选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

III.(InternationalLaw)

OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.Indeed,notwithstandingthediscussionabove,onemightstillarguethatPresidentBushdecidedinsummerof2002toinvadeIraqand,whileheplayedagameofdiscussionsattheUnitedNationsandwithalliesaboutinternationallaw,attheendofthedaytheUnitedStateswentaheadandinvadedwhenthosediscussionsdidnotproceedtotheU.S.liking.CertainlytherhetoricofPresidentBushwouldsupportsuchaclaim:inthecourseoftakingtheU.S.casetotheUnitedNations,PresidentBushrepeatedlystatedthattheUnitedStateswantedU.N.supportbut,ifsuchsupportwasnotforthcoming,theUnitedStateswouldstilltakeactiontoenforceIraq’sWMDobligations.

ThereisprobablynodefinitivewaytodisprovetheargumentthattheBushadministrationwassetoninvadingIraqnomatterwhathappenedattheUnitedNations.OnemightspeculateinresponsethathadtherebeennoplausiblelegaljustificationwhatsoeveravailabletotheBushadministration,thennoforeignstateswouldhavealliedthemselveswiththeUnitedStates,U.S.publicopinionwouldnothaveshifted,andtheBushadministrationultimatelywouldhavecontinuedtopursueweaponsinspectionsratherthananinvasion,orwouldhaveengagedinalesseruseofforce(akintothebombingsof1998).Theimportanceoftheinternalandexternalfactorsdiscussedaboveprovidessomesupporttosuchspeculation,butcannotleadtoanydefinitiveconclusions.

Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.

SeanD.Murphy:“AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq”

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicfortheaboveparagraphs?

60.Accordingtotheauthor,thebiggestvictimoftheIraqwaris___.

61.Readingtheseparagraphs,onecanseethattheauthor___.

62.Thelastparagraphmeansthat___.

问题1选项

A.InternationalLawandtheIraqWar

B.AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq

C.InternationalLawhasLittleForceConstrainingStateBehavior

D.TheUnitedNationsandtheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.theUnitedNations

B.personsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar

C.theintegrityoftheUnitedNations

D.theBushAdministration

问题3选项

A.holdsuptheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

B.opposestheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

C.expressesnoopinionofprosorconsoftheIraqwar

D.takesaneutralpositioninanalyzingthelegalityoftheIraqwar

问题4选项

A.todrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheU.S.appearsmistaken

B.itisamistaketodrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil

C.oneshouldnotgetconclusionregardingthefunctionofinternationallawonuseofforcefromtheUSinvasionofIraq

D.itiswrongtogetextensiveconclusionregardingtheefficiencyofinternationallawonuseofforceanduseoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheUSinvasionofIraq

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】59.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段开头OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.（有人可能会接受国际法和国际机构在导致美国入侵伊拉克的事件中发挥了重要作用，但仍然认为，最终，由于没有令人信服的法律依据，这次入侵的事实使关于使用武力的国际规则约束国家行为的想法和安理会在协调集体安全方面发挥重要作用的想法不可信），结合全文内容可知，作者主要在探讨分析伊拉克战争的合法性，选B选项“入侵伊拉克的合法性评估”；通读全文可知，国际法只是文章中所提到的片面内容，A选项“国际法和伊拉克战争”不能概括全文，排除；C选项“国际法对国家行为的约束力很小”和D选项“联合国和美国”不是文章主要探讨的内容，排除。因此B选项正确。

60.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“thebiggestvictim”定位到原文第一段OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.（一项确定全世界人民在入侵后态度的努力表明，战争最大的伤亡之一是联合国对反对和支持战争的国家的人的信誉）可知伊拉克战争的最大受害者是联合国的信誉，选C选项“联合国的诚信”，同时可知A选项“联合国”范围过大，排除；B选项“反对和支持战争的各州的人”以及D选项“布什政府”和原文不符。因此C选项正确。

61.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到原文最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（与此同时，从美国入侵伊拉克的事实中得出关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的）可知作者认为关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的，即反对伊拉克战争，选B选项“反对布什政府发动伊拉克战争”，同时可知A选项“阻碍布什政府发动伊拉克战争”错误，作者只是反对，不是阻碍，C选项“没有表达对伊拉克战争的赞成或反对意见”和D选项“在分析伊拉克战争的合法性时采取中立立场”错误，作者有明确的表明自己的观点。因此B选项正确。

62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（与此同时，从美国入侵伊拉克的事实中得出关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的）可知选D选项“从美国入侵伊拉克就得出关于使用武力和安理会使用的国际法有效性的广泛结论是错误的”；A选项“从美国那里得出关于使用武力的国际规则的作用或安理会的效用的笼统结论似乎是错误的”，B选项“就关于使用武力或安全理事会效用的国际规则的作用得出笼统的结论是错误的”以及C选项“从美国入侵伊拉克就不能得出关于使用武力的国际法的作用的结论”都和原文表达的含义有偏差。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Theaccident______himofhissightandtheuseofhislegs.

问题1选项

A.excluded

B.disabled

C.deprived

D.gripped

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项excluded“把……排斥在外”；B选项disabled“使伤残；使无效”；C选项deprived“使丧失”；D选项gripped“紧握；强烈影响”。句意：这次事故使他______视力和双腿的功能。根据语境，这次事故让他的眼睛和双腿功能受损，所以disabled“使伤残；使无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Beijingisa（）city,andstillmorepeoplearepouringin.

问题1选项

A.popular

B.populate

C.populace

D.populous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。popular“受欢迎的”；populate“居住于”，是动词；populace“大众，平民”；populous“人口多的”。句意：北京是一座人口稠密的城市，仍然还有很多人涌入。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

AlthoughtheArabcutbacksrepresentedalossoflessthan7percentinworldsupply,theycreatedpaniconthepartofoilcompanies,consumers,oiltraders,andsomegovernments.

问题1选项

A.fright

B.deficit

C.strain

D.misfortune

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。panic表示“恐慌，惊慌”；A项fright“惊吓，惊骇”，B项deficit“赤字，不足额”，C项strain“张力，拉紧，负担”，D项misfortune“不幸，灾祸，灾难”。句意：尽管阿拉伯的减产代表着全球供应减少了不到7%，但却引起了石油公司、消费者、石油交易商和一些政府的恐慌。因此，根据句意可知A选项正确。

11.单选题

Thejoysoftravel,havinglong（）thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.

问题1选项

A.omitted

B.missed

C.neglected

D.discarded

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项omitted“遗漏，省略”；B选项missed“错过，投偏”；C选项neglected“忽视，疏忽”；D选项discarded“丢弃”。句意：长期以来被忽视的残疾人旅行的乐趣正在向任何有办法的人开放。这里表示的是“之前残疾人士的旅行乐趣被忽视了”，因此C选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Inasupermarket,allcommoditiesareopentocustomerswhocanselectwhattheyneed（）.

问题1选项

A.withtheirease

B.attheirease

C.attheireasiness

D.withtheireasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone'sease是固定短语,意为"没有拘束的"。句意：在超市里,所有的商品都对顾客开放,顾客可以自由选择他们需要的东西。

13.单选题

Theproblemwith（）biologicalinventions—unlike,say,gunsandexplosives—isthatoncereleased,theycanbreedbythemselves.

问题1选项

A.vicious

B.ferocious

C.malicious

D.malevolent

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项vicious“恶毒的，恶意的”，强调的是“狂暴的；残酷的”；B选项ferocious“残忍的，惊人的”，强调的是“暴力的”；C选项malicious“蓄意的，怀恨的”，强调的是怀有恶意的；D选项malevolent“恶毒的，坏心肠的”，强调的是“人的心肠坏”。句意：与枪支和爆炸物等不同，恶毒生物的发明，其问题在于，一旦被释放，它们可以自行繁殖。这里是指怀有恶意的生物学上的发明，所以选项C更符合语境。

14.单选题

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductiononmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goods,andservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforwholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacertainfordeterminingaperson’splaceinatraditionalsociety?

5.Inparagraph2sentence3,“barter”means（）.

问题1选项

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypeofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

问题2选项

A.rapidspeedtransactions

B.misunderstanding

C.inflation

D.difficultiesfortraders

问题3选项

A.Individualhouseholds

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

问题4选项

A.Familybackground

B.Age

C.Religiousbelief

D.Custom

问题5选项

A.exchangegood,propertyforothergoods

B.amoreunit

C.akindoffood

D.trade

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.（三种基本方式可以描述为市场体制、管理体制和传统体制。）文章第一段就点明了三种不同类型的经济体系：市场体系、行政管理体系和传统体系。接下来分别介绍了这三种体系，每一段的第一句都点明了具体要介绍的体系。而文章中作者并没有解释有关经济学方面的知识，也没有表示哪一种经济体系更优越，因此A选项“概述不同类型的经济制度”正确。B选项“来解释经济学”，是作者没有解释的；C选项“论证单一经济体系的优越性”，作者在文中是没有论述的；D选项“比较易货市场和货币交换市场”，只是市场体系中的两种形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。

2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段第四句话Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles...wantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的，找到想用旧车交换帆船的人可能并不总是一件容易的任务。）通过这句话可以看出，在易货经济中，可见这种有形的物物交换对交换者而言是具有很大难度的，交易者想要做交易并没有那么容易，因此D选项“对交易者的困难”正确。A选项“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特点；B选项“误解，误会”这一点原文并没有提到；C选项“膨胀；通货膨胀”不是易货经济体现的。

3.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.（政府制定的中央计划显示了不同公司生产的每种商品的数量，并分配给不同的家庭用于消费。）这一段讲述了如何去制定市场的相关规定，而最高级的规定制定就来自于政府，因此D选项正确。A选项“个体户”，他们只是经济的参与者；B选项“小企业”，没有这个权利；C选项“大公司”，仍然没有政府的等级高。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段第一句话everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.（每个人在经济体制中的地位是由出身、宗教和习惯风俗来决定的），可以得出只有B选项“年龄”是没有提到的，因此B选项正确。A选项“家庭背景”；C选项“宗教信仰”；D选项“风俗”都是提到了的。

5.语义推断题。根据题干定位到第二段Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的。）可以看出来在易货经济中交易的都是一些实在的物品，因此A选项“用货物、财产等交换其他货物”是正确的。B选项“一个单位”原文没有提及；C选项“一种食物”，只是其中的一种；D选项“交易”，这就是这件事本身。

15.单选题

Techniquesthatcreateanatmosphereofsuspensearecommonlyusedbyfilmmakersto（）theiraudience.

问题1选项

A.harass

B.applaud

C.excite

D.arrest

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项harass“骚扰”；B选项applaud“赞同；称赞”；C选项excite“使兴奋；刺激”D选项arrest“逮捕”。句意：电影制作者经常用制造悬念气氛的技巧来刺激观众。因此C项符合句意。

16.单选题

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.SmallwonderAmericans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themost