




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吕梁学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Theyadvisedtheirclientsto()withanothercompany.
问题1选项
A.merge
B.engage
C.emerge
D.submerge
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。mergewith合并,与...联合;engagewith交战,与...接洽;emerge浮现,暴露;submerge淹没。句意:他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。选项A符合句意。
2.单选题
Thetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhissourcelanguages,fullfacilityinthehandlingofhistargetlanguage,whichwillbehismothertongueorlanguageofhabitual(1),andaknowledgeandunderstandingofthelatestsubject-matterinhisfieldofspecialization.Thisis,asitwere,hisprofessionalequipment.(2)this,itisdesirablethatheshouldhaveaninquiringmind,wideinterests,agoodmemoryandtheabilitytograspquicklythebasicprinciplesofnewdevelopments.Heshouldbewillingtowork(3)hisown,oftenathighspeeds,butshouldbehumbleenoughtoconsultothers
(4)hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand.Heshouldbeabletotypefairlyquicklyandaccuratelyand,ifheisworkingmainlyforpublication,heshouldhavemorethananodding(5)withprintingtechniquesandproof-reading.Ifheisworkingbasicallyasaninformationtranslator,letussay,foranindustrialfirm,heshouldhavetheflexibilityofmindtoenablehimto
(6)
rapidlyfromonesourcelanguagetoanotheraswellasfromonesubject-mattertoanother,sincethisabilityisfrequently
(7)ofhiminsuchwork.Bearinginmindthenatureofthetranslator'swork,i.e.theprocessingofthewrittenword,itis,strictlyspeaking,
(8)thatheshouldbeabletospeakthelanguageheisdealingwith.Ifhedoesspeakthem,itisanadvantage(9)ahindrance,butthisskillisinmanywaysaluxurythathecan(10)with.Itis,
(11)
,desirablethatheshouldhaveanapproximateideaaboutthepronunciationofhissourcelanguagesevenifthisisrestrictedto(12)
howpropernamesandplacenamesarepronounced.Thesame(13)toanabilitytowritehissourcelanguages.Ifhecan,wellandgood;ifhecannot,not(14).Therearemanyotherskillsand(15)
thataredesirableinatranslator.
问题1选项
A.application
B.use
C.utility
D.usage
问题2选项
A.Morethan
B.Exceptfor
C.Becauseof
D.Inadditionto
问题3选项
A.of
B.by
C.for
D.on
问题4选项
A.should
B.when
C.because
D.if
问题5选项
A.familiarity
B.acquaintance
C.knowledge
D.skill
问题6选项
A.change
B.transform
C.turn
D.switch
问题7选项
A.lacked
B.required
C.faced
D.confronted
问题8选项
A.essential
B.unnecessary
C.advantageous
D.useless
问题9选项
A.over
B.despite
C.ratherthan
D.instead
问题10选项
A.deal
B.concern
C.work
D.doaway
问题11选项
A.however
B.accordingly
C.consequently
D.thus
问题12选项
A.knowing
B.havingknown
C.know
D.haveknown
问题13选项
A.refers
B.comes
C.applies
D.amounts
问题14选项
A.matter
B.mind
C.harm
D.work
问题15选项
A.characteristics
B.qualities
C.distinctions
D.features
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:B
第6题:D
第7题:B
第8题:B
第9题:C
第10题:D
第11题:A
第12题:A
第13题:C
第14题:A
第15题:B
【解析】(1)名词辨析。application“应用,指将理论或什么用到一个特殊的情况下”;use“使用,指为达到某一目的而利用某人或某物”;utility“实用,特指有效地使用某物使其发挥效用”;usage“使用,侧重为很多人公认采纳的惯例、习俗”。此处指为了达到沟通目的的语言的使用,固定搭配beofuse,B选项正确。
(2)逻辑关系。由空格后面列举的“aninquiringmind,wideinterests”与空格前列举的译者需具备的东西知道这里应该是说“除了这个外,还应该具备什么”,D选项inadditionto“除…之外(包括除去的内容)”正确。morethan“多于,超出,比……多”;exceptfor“除了……以外(不包括除去的内容)”;becauseof“因为,由于”,均不符合题意,排除。
(3)固定搭配。onone’sown“依靠某人自己的力量去做某事”,D选项正确。
(4)语法倒装句。由空格后否定句“hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand”中没有助动词(如do等)可推测这里是用if引导的条件句采用虚拟结构shoulddo,但是这里采用了倒装结构,把should提前,并且省略了if,A选项正确。
(5)固定搭配。familiaritywith“熟悉,精通”;acquaintancewith“了解:知道”;knowledge“(与of连用)知识;学问”;skill“(与of连用)技能;技术”。由空格前的morethan“多于;超出”确定句意是‘他应该能够快速而准确地打字,如果他主要为出版物工作,他应该对印刷技术和校对不只是了解。’,所以B选项正确。
(6)固定搭配。change“改变;交换”;transform“转化,改变”;turn“转变,转弯”;switch“转换”。switchfrom…to…将…….转换成……,由常识“翻译指将一种语言转换为另外一种语言”,D项正确。
(7)固定搭配。requiresth.ofsb.“要求某人某事”,文中用的是被动语态,sthberequiredofsb.B选项正确。
(8)形容词辨析。essential“基本的,必要的”;unnecessary“不必要的,多余的,无用的”;advantageous“有利的;有益的”;useless“无用的;无效的”。由空格前的theprocessingofthewrittenword“书面文字的处理”与空格后tospeakthelanguages“去讲这些语言”的对应关系确定句意应是‘考虑到译者的工作性质,即对书面文字的处理,严格地说,他没有必要会说他所处理的语言。’所以选项B“不必要”正确。
(9)逻辑关系。根据上一句句意‘考虑到译者的工作性质,即对书面文字的处理,严格地说,他没有必要会说他所处理的语言。’可知这里是肯定advantage“优势”而否定hindrance“障碍”;所以空格处需要填写一个肯定前面内容而否定后面内容的连词,C选项ratherthan“而不是”正确。
(10)固定短语。dealwith“处理,涉及”;concernwith“使关心,关于”;workwith“与……共事,对……有效”;doawaywith“废除,去掉”。由关键信息but“但是”表转折关系以及单词aluxary确定这里句意是“译者可以不掌握说这些语言的技能”,由此知D项正确。
(11)逻辑关系。however“然而,但是”;accordingly“因此,于是,相应地”;consequently“因此,结果,所以”;thus“因此,从而,这样,如此”。由空格后关键信息“shouldhaveanapproximateidea”及evenif“即使”知这里句意是‘然而,他应该对他的源语言的发音有一个大致的概念,即使这是……’,应该填一个表示“然而或但是”转折意义的词,故A项正确。
(12)固定搭配。berestrictedtodoingsth.“限制做某事”,排除C和D选项,这里表示一般时态,A项正确。
(13)固定搭配。referto“参考,涉及”;cometo“想起,共计”;applyto“适用于,应用于”;amountto“相当于,总计为”。由空格前的thesame“同样的(道理)”、空格后的anabilitytowritehissourcelanguages“:写他的源语言的能力”跟前面的thepronunciationofhissourcelanguages“读他的源语言的能力”的对比关系知这里指“同样的(道理)也适用于……”,所以C选项正确。
(14)固定搭配。空格处句意为“如果他能,那很好;如果译者不具有书写源语言的能力,这也没关系”。Itdoesnotmatter“没关系,不要紧”,A选项正确。
(15)名词辨析。characteristic“特征,特性,特点”;quality“质量,品质,素质”;distinction“区别,差别”;feature“特色,特征,容貌”。由关键信息and“和,并且”表示并列关系知空格处填写的词应该与名词skill“技能”同类;再由文章第二句中的hisprofessionalequipment“他的专业素养”的对应关系知这里指“其它技能与素质”,B选项正确。
3.单选题
Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,()trafficdelays.
问题1选项
A.affording
B.accountingfor
C.allowingfor
D.acknowledging
【答案】C
【解析】词组辨析。afford“给予,提供,买得起”;accountfor“对...负有责任,对...作出解释”,allowfor“考虑到,顾及”;acknowledge“承认,答谢”。句意:考虑到交通拥堵,我们到火车站还要20分钟。选项C符合句意。
4.单选题
TheGovernment'spolicieswillcomeunderclose(
)intheweeksbeforetheelection.
问题1选项
A.appreciation
B.scrutiny
C.specification
D.apprehension
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。appreciation“欣赏,感谢”;scrutiny“审查,细看”;specification“规格,说明书”;apprehension“理解”。句意:选举前的几周,政府的政策将会接受详细审查。由Government’spolicies及close“严密的”可知B项“审查”能与之搭配。答案B
5.单选题
Chinaneedstoincreaseitsoverseasinvestment,especiallyinenergyandrawmaterials,asthiswill______worldsuppliesandbevitalforrebalancingtheworldeconomy.
问题1选项
A.indict
B.recruit
C.poke
D.boost
【答案】D
【解析】【选项释义】
A.indict控告;起诉B.recruit吸收;招募
C.poke(用手指或其他东西)捅,戳,杵D.boost使增长;使兴旺
【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】根据as可知,as在这里作为连词,表示原因,由主句Chinaneedstoincreaseitsoverseasinvestment(中国需要增加海外投资)可推知,will______worldsupplies指的是“将增加世界供应”,故该题选择D项。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。
【句意】中国需要增加海外投资,特别是在能源和原材料领域,因为这将增加世界供应,对世界经济的再平衡至关重要。
6.翻译题
1.OneofthefastestgrowingareasinInternetapplicationsistheadoptionofInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofcorporatenetworks.ManypublicsectorsandcommercialorganizationsthroughouttheworldareacceleratingtheirpacesinbuildingcorporatenetworksbasedonInternettechnologies,allowingthemtorollouttheirprivate“Intranets”.TheseIntranetsareusedtosupportenterpriseapplicationsandcommunicationsbothinsideandoutsidethecorporatefirewall.
2.IntranetisthenewbuzzwordreferringtotheuseoffastgrowingandrelativelyinexpensiveInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofenterpriseinformationandcommunicationsystems.Itgenerallyinvolvestwokeytypesofsoftware:the“browser”whichallowsuserstoscanthenetworkforusefulinformationandthe“server”whichstoresandorganizestheinformation.MajorITvendorshaveannouncedorareplanningtoannounceproductsandserviceswhichwillhelptheircustomersinrealizingthecompetitiveadvantagesmadepossiblebythesenewtechnologies.Forexample,OracleandSybasehaveunveiledtheirplanstointroducebrowsersthatincludeapplicationdevelopmenttoolsbasedonJava,aprogramminglanguagelicensedfromSunMicrosystemsInc.Thesenewtoolsetswillallowdeveloperstowritenetwork-connection-ready,web-enabledapplicationsthatlinktocorporatedatabases.
ThecreationofprivateintranetsprovidesopportunitiesforcompaniestousetheWebasacomplementoranalternativefortraditionalinternalnetworking,applicationdevelopmenttoolsandgroupwareproducts.3.Forexample,MorganStanleyandTurnerBroadcastinghavesuccessfullyimplementedtheirownIntranetswhichallowtheiremployeestoshareinformation,collaborateonprojects,andtocreateveryeffectiveworkgroupsspreadingacrosslargegeographicalregions.
WithimprovedsecuritydesignontheIntranetwhichcanbebridgedintotheInternet,manycompaniesaredevelopingnewbusinessapplicationswhichwerenottechnicallyfeasiblenoreconomicallyviableinthepast.Forexample,shippingcompaniesandcouriercompaniescanbuildcargoandparceltrackingsystemswhichallowtheirinternationalcustomers,anywhereintheworld,tologontotheirlocalInternetnetworkstoaccesssecureddatabasestoretrievethelatestinformationabouttheirshipments.
OneofthemostoftenquotedcriticismsofInternetwhenbeingconsideredforseriousbusinessapplicationsisitssecurityrisk,oritsperceivedinadequacyofsecurityfeatures.ManyfeelthattheInternetisdistributedand“uncontrolled”.Byitsveryownnature,thereisnosingleorganizationowningtheInternet,runningitorcanbeheldresponsibleforitintheconventionalsense.Intrusionmaycomefromanywhereintheworld.Tofurthercomplicatethematter,legislationandlawenforcementconcerningelectroniccrimesvarygreatlyfromonecountrytoanother.ThispresentsgreatchallengesintheprosecutionofcrimescommittedusingtheInternet.
Whilesomeofthesefeelingsandobservationsarecorrect,manyInternettechnologyprovidersthroughouttheworldareworkingveryaggressivelyinsolvingtheproblemsconcerningInternetsecurity.Usingcryptographictechniquesandnetworkmanagementtechnologies,Internetcanbeassecuredasanyprivatenetworksusedinthefinancial,commercialandnationaldefenseapplications.
TheInternetisaglobaltechnology.Itwillaffect,inmanyaspects,thewaythatweinteractwithpeople,conductourbusinesstransactions.Itwillalsochangethewaythatweacquireandshareexperienceandknowledge.4.Itunavoidablywillalteroursenseofcommunityandremovesomeoftheconstraintspreviouslyassociatedwithgeographicalboundaries.TheInternetandIntranetarepresentingopportunitiesandchallengestoindividualsandenterprises.Theywillrewardthosewiththeabilityandvisiontoharnesstheirpower,realizingtheirconstraintsandcapableofdevelopingsolutionsinovercomingtheselimitations.
Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
【答案】(1)互联网应用中发展最快的一个领域采用互联网技术开发企业网络。全世界许多政府部门和商业机构正加快步伐,创建基于互联网技术的企业网络,允许它们推销秘密的“内联网”。
(2)“内联网”是一个时髦术语,指用发展迅速、相对廉价的互联网技术开发企业信息和通讯系统。内联网一般包含两种重要的软件:浏览器和服务器。前者允许用户浏览网络以获取有用信息,后者储存并整理信息。
(3)例如,摩根斯坦利金融公司和特纳广播公司成功地完成了各自的内联网,这些内联网使两家公司的雇员共享信息,共同承担项目并创建遍及各大洲的、效果明显的工作组。
(4)互联网必然会改变我们的社区意识并消除以往跟地理疆界联系在一起的种种限制。互联网和内联网给个人和企业带来机遇和挑战,这些网络奖赏有能力和远见的人利用自己的权力,在种种局限发生时,能找到克服局限性的方案。
7.单选题
Theschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized(
).
问题1选项
A.obligation
B.conviction
C.instruction
D.presentation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。obligation意为“义务,责任”;conviction意为“定罪,深信”;instruction意为“授课”;presentation意为“提交,报告”。
句意:学校承诺将班级缩小,并提供更加个性化的授课。
8.单选题
Ploughsandotheragricultural(
)wereondisplayattherecentexhibition.
问题1选项
A.machinery
B.playthings
C.implements
D.appliances
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项machinery“(统称)机器,机构,体制”;B选项plaything“玩物,玩乐对象”;C选项implement“工具,器具”一般指用手操作的工具;D选项appliance“(家用)电器,器具”,指以煤气和电为动力的器具。由and可知Ploughs(犁)与otheragricultural______是并列主语,C选项可与agricultural搭配,且与ploughts对应。句意:在最近的展览会上展出了犁和其它农业工具。
9.单选题
Eventoday,acenturyafterPasteurdevelopedthefirstvaccine,rabiesalmostalwayskills(
)intheearlieststagesofthedisease.
问题1选项
A.itsvictimsunlessinoculated
B.thevictimsunlessthereisaninoculation
C.thevictimsunlessinoculated
D.itsvictimsunlesstheyareinoculated
【答案】B
【解析】考查语法结构。unless后面接条件状语从句,首先排除A、C项,句意要表达的是如果受害者能接种疫苗,而不是狂犬病被接种疫苗。句意:即使在今天,巴斯德开发出第一种疫苗后的一个世纪,狂犬病几乎总能杀死受害者,除非在疾病的早期阶段接种疫苗。故B项正确。
10.单选题
IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.
Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.
Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate'sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers'unionskeepaneyeonschools,theCCPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.
Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.
Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.
Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.
JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandthepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.
1.Paragraph1suggeststhat().
2.AccordingtoParagraph2,().
3.Paragraph4pointsoutthattheincomeinthestatesectoris().
4.ItcanbelearnedfromtheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinthatunions()
5.WhatisJohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystem?
问题1选项
A.JimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilservant
B.Teamstershaskeptgrowinginitsbodyofmembers
C.thenumberofunionistsinpublic-sectorhasincreased
D.thegovernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists
问题2选项
A.auniversitydegreeisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionmembership
B.LaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions
C.public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions
D.public-sectorunionsarehesitantintakingactions
问题3选项
A.fairlyadjusted
B.illegallysecured
C.indirectlyincreased
D.excessivelyincreased
问题4选项
A.oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem
B.maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms
C.canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes
D.aredominantinthegovernment
问题5选项
A.Tolerance.
B.Disapproval.
C.Indifference.
D.Appreciation.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段第二句“WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.”可知,在1960年只有十分之一的美国政府工作人员属于工会而现在是36%。而由最后两句“In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.”可知,2009年,美国公共部门工会成员的数量超过了私营部门工会成员的数量。在英国,超过一半的公共部门员工加入了工会,但只有15%的私营部门员工加入了工会。由此可以判断,这么多年来,公共部门的工会成员人数有所增加,所以C选项表述正确。原文只是说明JimmyHoffa如果活着可能会代表公务员,并不是说他真的是公务员,因此A选项与原文内容不符。B选项“卡车司机成员不断增加”与原文内容不符,原文只是说1960年卡车司机处于巅峰时期,故表述错误。D选项“政府改善了它与工会的关系”,在原文中并未提到,属于无中生有。故本题正确答案为C选项。
2.推理判断题。题干询问:根据第二段可以得出……。原文第二段主要介绍了工会兴盛的三个原因,原因一:他们可以在不承担后果的情况下解决事情;原因二:他们大多聪明且受过良好的教育;原因三:他们现在主导着中间偏左的政治。由此可知,C选项表述正确,withoutsufferingmuch说明他们很少惹上麻烦,即seldomgetintrouble。原文第二段第四句指出“AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree”,所以并不是所有的公共部门工会成员都被要求拥有大学学位。可判断A选项表述错误。由原因三可知,工党一直和工会联系在一起,工党领袖的当选部分原因归功于公共部分工会的投票,可判断B选项错误。D选项的表述在原文中并未提及,故本题正确答案为C选项。
3.细节事实题。题干询问:从第四段可以得知,国营部门的收入是……。根据题干信息可定位到原文第4段第三句,通过Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.可知,政客们一再“加码”公共部门的薪酬协议,要保持适度的工资增长,但要增加假期,尤其是已经很丰厚的养老金。由此可知,国营部门的收入需要间接进行提高。可判断C选项正确。A选项表示“公平调整”,B选项表示“非法获得”,D选项表示“过度增加”,均与原文内容不符,故本题正确答案为C选项。
4.推理判断题。题干询问:我们可以从威斯康辛州工会的例子中了解到,工会应该……。根据题干信息可定位到原文第六段第二句“InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor”,根据句意可知,在威斯康辛州,各工会集结了数千支持者,反对共和党强硬派州长ScottWalker。由此可知B选项“工会是公共部门改革的障碍”表述正确。A选项“经常与当前的政治体制相抵触”属于推断过度,而C选项“能改变人们的政治态度”和D选项“在政府中占主导地位”在原文中均为提及。因此,本题正确答案为B选项。
5.观点态度题。题干询问:JohnDonahue对公共工会部门的态度是……。根据题干信息定位到原文最后一段,由“Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.”可知,银行家丰厚的薪水引来了许多批评,但公共部门系统不奖励高成就者,这对美国来说可能是一个更大的问题。由此可见,JohnDonahue对于美国的公共部门持有不支持的态度,因此B选项Disapproval最符合原文内容,故本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“容忍”,C选项表示“漠不关心”,D选项表示“赞赏”。
11.单选题
Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat()decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.
问题1选项
A.urgent
B.hasty
C.instant
D.prompt
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项urgentadj.紧急的,急迫的;B选项hastyadj.轻率的,草率的,匆忙的;C选项instantadj.立即的,紧迫的;D选项promptadj.敏捷的,迅速的。句意:我们必须谨记仓促的决定常常会导致痛苦的悔恨。因此本题选择B项。
12.单选题
Steelisnotasas(
)castiron;itdoesnotbreakaseasily
问题1选项
A.elastic
B.brittle
C.adaptable
D.flexible
【答案】B
【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。elastic“有弹性的;灵活的;易伸缩的”;brittle“易碎的,易断裂的”;adaptable“适合的;能适应的”;flexible“灵活的;易弯曲的”。句意:钢不像铸铁那样脆,不容易断裂。选项B符合题意。
13.单选题
Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.
Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.
Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?
3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby(
).
4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen
(
).
5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?
问题1选项
A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation
B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible
C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.
D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.
问题2选项
A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath
B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.
C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety
D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.
问题3选项
A.neglect
B.weaken
C.cometogetherwith
D.besuperiorto
问题4选项
A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult
B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped
C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed
D.thebrainiscertainlydead
问题5选项
A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation
B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation
C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation
D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.(在大多数国家,器官移植的法律定义很不明确,因为尚未制定出针对外科手术进步的立法)可知A选项“大多数国家没有关于器官移植的有效法律”正确;由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.(习惯上要征得亲属的允许,但由于器官的摘除必须在死亡后立即进行,可能无法及时联系到亲属)可知B选项“传统的器官摘除请求亲属许可的方法并不总是可行的”正确;由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.(另一种办法是通过法律规定,除非个人在一生中禁止摘除,否则必须获得许可。丹麦、法国、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通过了这样的法律)可知D选项“在一些国家,这些法律规定,除非个人在一生中拒绝摘除,否则摘除器官的许可是理所当然的”正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D,因此选C。
2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.(有人建议,应开展广泛的宣传,鼓励人们在其遗嘱中规定将其器官用于移植)可知A选项“应该鼓励人们在死后捐献器官”和C选项“器官移植应该提倡,因为它有利于人类社会”正确;由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.(另一种办法是通过法律规定,除非个人在一生中禁止摘除,否则必须获得许可)可知D选项“移植器官的摘除可被视为合法,除非死者在其有生之年另有说明”符合题意。通过排除法排除A、C、D,因此选B。
3.词义题。neglect意为“忽视,疏忽”;weaken意为“减弱,削弱”;cometogetherwith意为“和……一起”;besuperiorto意为“优越于,不受诱惑”。“impair”出现文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.(重要的是,政府要保证,考虑移植不会……潜在供者的正常复苏努力)”中,由此可知B选项最符合逻辑关系。
4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.(人工呼吸和心脏按摩以及复苏的标准方法一直持续到脑死亡。大多数医生认为除此之外,努力复苏是无用的)可知选D。
5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了器官移植法律和伦理方面的问题,因此选A。
14.单选题
Acycleridewalkorswimatleastthreetimesaweekwill______yourcirculationandhelpmaintainahealthybloom.
问题1选项
A.boost
B.heighten
C.compel
D.renew
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项boost“促进”;B选项heighten“提高”;C选项compel“强迫”;D选项renew“更换;重新开始”。句意:每周至少骑三次自行车,散步或游泳,可以______你的血液循环,帮助保持健康的血液循环。横线处和yourcirculation“你的血液循环”形成动宾关系,只有A选项boost“促进”符合题意。因此A选项正确。
15.单选题
Agoodrefereehastobe()__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.
问题1选项
A.contemporary
B.comely
C.disinterested
D.notorious
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项contemporary“当代的;同时代的”;B选项comely“清秀的,标致的”;C选项disinterested“无私的;公正的;冷漠的;廉洁的”;D选项notorious“声名狼藉的,臭名昭著的”。句意:一位好的裁判在足球比赛结果上必须是公正的,否则他可能试图去做出有利于一支球队的裁定。结合句意,故C选项正确。
16.单选题
Thosestudentswhohavemadeadequatepreparationsforthetestwillbebetteroff.
问题1选项
A.morewealthyt
B.lesssuccessfult
C.dismissedearliert
D.favorablypositioned
【答案】D
【解析】考查词语辨析。主语是students(学生),根据句子语境推测betteroff表示“表现好,排名靠前”;A项wealthy“富有的”,它的比较级形式是wealthier;B项lesssuccessful“不太成功”,C项dismissedearlier“更早淘汰”,D项favorablypositioned“很好的排名,排名靠前”。句意:那些为考试做了充分准备的学生排名靠前。根据句意可知D项正确。
17.不定项选择题
Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.
AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogi
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2025年金融市场与投资理论考试试卷及答案
- 2025年电气工程师考试试题及答案
- 2025年基础护理技能操作考试试卷及答案
- 2025年全国会计从业资格考试试卷及答案
- 生物医药企业股东除名与股权重组专项服务协议
- 生物样本库建设与科研合作项目培训合同
- 突发公共事件危机公关应急预案合同
- 婚姻忠诚协议中“忠诚”界定与婚姻关系稳定协议书
- 网络文学创作室租赁及作品推广合作合同
- 网络小说有声改编权授权与市场推广及衍生品授权合同
- 小微企业安全生产标准化文件资料汇编 完整版已通过审核
- GB/T 32512-2016光伏发电站防雷技术要求
- 第5章链路层和局域网
- 大数据技术原理与操作应用 第8章 Flume日志采集系统
- 最新臭氧氧化技术专业知识讲座课件
- 电力拖动自动控制系统-运动控制系统(第5版)习题答案
- 心血管疾病康复治疗课件
- 海运提单填制练习
- 幼儿园童话剧“拔萝卜”剧本
- 常用H型钢理论重量表格
- 中学自主招生考试物理试题
评论
0/150
提交评论