考研考博-英语-吉首大学张家界学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2VIP

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉首大学张家界学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

问题1选项

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“极端”；wreckage“残骸”；supremacy“至高无上”。句意：捐赠者的疲倦和这个国家的极端贫困导致希望越来越渺茫。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Welivedinasmallvillage______ahighwayandinfestedwithheavy-dutytrucks.

问题1选项

A.adjacentto

B.attachedto

C.farfrom

D.adjourningto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项adjacentto“邻近的，毗连的”，B项attachedto“附属于，系于”，C项farfrom“远离，远非”，D项adjourningto“转移会址，（集会人移动会场）到另一个地方”。根据句子意思“我们住在一个小村庄……高速公路和出没的重型卡车”可知，空格处表示“毗连”符合语境。句意：我们住在一个靠近公路的小村庄，那里到处都是重型卡车。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.单选题

Probablythehardestpartofsettinggoalsisthefirststepofactuallydecidingtotakeaction!Thefirstbarrierfacingmostpeopleistheincorrectassumptionthatgoalsareonlyforbusinesspeople.Therealityiseveryonesetsgoalsmentallythroughouttheday.Therearealwaysoccasionswheresomethinghastobedoneataparticulartimeorinaparticularplace.Simpleexamplescouldbegettingupatacertaintimeinordertobeatwork,ortomeetwithafriendforaleisureactivity.

Thebeautyofhavinggoalsistheuniquenessofeachonetothegoalsetter.Whetheritispersonal,financial,businessorspiritual,theyareallspecifictothatpersonandtheircircumstances.

Themostimportantpartinitiallyistowritethemdown.Havinggoalswrittendowngivesyouincrediblepowerwhilehelpingyoutofocusonthisarea.

Aimforsomethingthatwillstretchyouwhileremainingachievable.Ifyouachieveyourgoaltooeasily,itisnothighenoughtomakeanysignificantchangeinyourlifeandneedstobeadjusted.Ontheotherhand,ifyouconsistentlymissthegoals,re-evaluate,andconsidersettingthemalittlelowerasyouwillonlygetdiscouragedandprobablygiveup.Theaimistokeepgrowing,andmovingintoamoresatisfactorypositionforyourparticularcircumstance.

Asyouobtainthelevelsthatyouhavesetforyourself,alwaysincludeasmallrewardateachpoint.Thismightonlybeasmallthingintheearlydayslikeamealoutoraweekendvacation.

Rememberthatthesechangeswillnothappenovernightandtherewillbeaperiodoftimewhennothingseemstobehappening.Thisiswhythegoalsneedtobedetailedandasspecificaspossiblewithaconsequenceandabenefit.

Allowsometimeonadailybasistoeducateyourselfonhowtomakethenecessaryadjustmentsinyourlife.ThiscouldincludelisteningtoaCD,orreadingabookonmotivation,etc.

Asimplemethodtostartwithcouldbeonegoalinthemainareasoflifetobeachievedinonemonth,sixmonths,twelvemonthsorfiveyears.Breakthatdownfurtherintoadaily,weeklyandmonthlysystem.Stayfocusedanddisciplinedtoachieveallthatyoudesire.

41.ThesimpleexamplesinParagraph1conveythemessagethat______.

42.Thecharmofhavinggoalsisthateachgoalis______.

43.Agoodgoalisonethat______.

44.Goalshavetobedetailedsothatpeople______.

45.Foragoaltobeachieved,onehasto______.

问题1选项

A.goalsaresetmostlyforimportantthings

B.mostpeopleknowwhenitistimetosetgoals

C.itisnecessarytosetgoalsoccasionally

D.peoplesetgoalstogetthingsdoneallthetime

问题2选项

A.important

B.motivated

C.special

D.spiritual

问题3选项

A.keepsgrowingallthetime

B.ishighenoughyetattainable

C.movesoneintoasatisfactoryposition

D.isevaluatedfromtimetotime

问题4选项

A.willeventuallyreachthelevelssetforthemselves

B.canknowtheirachievementsateachstage

C.maygetsmallrewardssuchasamealout

D.canadjustthemonvariousoccasions

问题5选项

A.concentrateonituntilisattained

B.adaptoneselftonewchanges

C.divertfromroutinesometimes

D.believeinwhatheisdoing

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】41.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“第一段的简单例子传达了一个什么信息”。第一段第三句提到Therealityiseveryonesetsgoalsmentallythroughouttheday.Therearealwaysoccasionswheresomethinghastobedoneataparticulartimeorinaparticularplace.（事实上，每个人每天都在心里设定目标。总有一些场合需要在特定的时间或地点做一些事情），由此可知，第一段讲述简单的例子是为了向读者传达人们设定目标来完成事情，故D项“人们总是设定目标来完成事情”符合题意。A项“设定目标主要是为了重要的事情”，文中只提到了某些事情，并没有强调重要的事情，这是偷换概念；B项“大多数人都知道什么时候该设定目标”，第一段第二句提到Thefirstbarrierfacingmostpeopleistheincorrectassumptionthatgoalsareonlyforbusinesspeople.（大多数人面临的第一个障碍是错误的假设，认为目标只适用于商务人士），由此可知，大多数人不知道目标适用于每一个人，因此该项错误；C项“偶尔设定目标是必要的”没有提到。故该题选D正确。

42.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“拥有目标的魅力在于每个目标都是……”。文章第二段提到Thebeautyofhavinggoalsistheuniquenessofeachonetothegoalsetter.（设定目标的美妙之处在于每个目标对设定者来说都是独一无二的），由uniqueness可知，设立目标的奇妙之处在于它的独特性，独一无二的同义词是special，故C项“特别的”符合题意。A项“重要的”和B项“有动机的”文中都没有提到；D项“精神的，高尚的”是指目标的类型，故该题选C正确。

43.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节推断题。题干的意思是“好的目标是……”。第四段第一句话提到Aimforsomethingthatwillstretchyouwhileremainingachievable.（把目标定在那些既能拓展你的能力又能保持可实现的事情上），由此可知一个好的目标是超出自身的水平但是仍然可以实现，故B项“足够高但是可以达到”更符合题意；A项“一直保持发展”和C项“使一个人达到一个满意的位置”，在第四段最后一句提到Theaimistokeepgrowing,andmovingintoamoresatisfactorypositionforyourparticularcircumstance（我们的目标是不断发展，并针对您的特殊情况找到一个更令人满意的职位）这是设定目标的内容/目的，因此这两项不符合题意；D项“不时的评估”，根据句子Ontheotherhand,ifyouconsistentlymissthegoals,re-evaluate,andconsidersettingthemalittlelowerasyouwillonlygetdiscouragedandprobablygiveup.（另一方面，如果你总是错过目标，重新评估，考虑把目标定得低一点，那么你只会感到沮丧，很可能会放弃），由此可知不时评估目标不是真正的好目标；故该题选B正确。

44.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“目标必须详细以便于人们……”。根据文章的倒数第三段Rememberthatthesechangeswillnothappenovernightandtherewillbeaperiodoftimewhennothingseemstobehappening.Thisiswhythegoalsneedtobedetailedandasspecificaspossiblewithaconsequenceandabenefit.（记住，这些变化不会在一夜之间发生，会有一段时间似乎什么都没有发生。这就是为什么目标要尽可能的详细和具体，并且要考虑到结果和好处。）可知，因为目标不会一下子实现，甚至可能一段时间都会感觉什么都没发生，所以目标要尽可能地详细以便于人们能够知道他们到达哪一步，因此B项“可以知道他们在每个阶段的成就”符合题意；A项“最终会达到为自己设定的水平”没有提到；C项“可能会得到一些小奖励，比如出去吃饭”，文章第五段提到Asyouobtainthelevelsthatyouhavesetforyourself,alwaysincludeasmallrewardateachpoint.（当你获得自己设定的关卡时，在每一个点上都包含一个小奖励），由此可知小奖励是达到设定的目标后所获得的，而不是目标要详细的原因；D项“可以在不同场合调整”，根据倒数第二段Allowsometimeonadailybasistoeducateyourselfonhowtomakethenecessaryadjustmentsinyourlife.（每天给自己一些时间来学习如何在你的生活中做出必要的调整）可知，是在生活中做出调整，而不是任何场合。故该题选B正确。

45.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“为了实现一个目标，你必须……”。文章最后一句提到Stayfocusedanddisciplinedtoachieveallthatyoudesire（保持专注和自律，去实现你想要的一切），由此可知，为了实现目标必须要保持自律和专注，故A项“对目标专注直到达到它”符合题意；B项“使自己适应新的变化”，C项“有时偏离常规”和D项“相信正在干的事情”没有提到；因此该题选A正确。

4.单选题

Iftheinvestmenttaxcreditis()asapartoftaxreformplan,thecapital-intensivebusinessessuchassteel-makersandairlinerswillfaceahardtime.

问题1选项

A.repealed

B.inferred

C.induced

D.appealed

【答案】A

【解析】repealed废止，撤销；inferred推测；induced引诱，说服；appealed呼吁，求助。句意：如果投资抵税被取消来作为税收改革计划的一部分，钢铁制造商和航空公司等资本密集型企业将面临艰难时期。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

1.（

）

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.

2.（

）

Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“limitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.

3.（

）

However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.

4.（

）

Althoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.

5.（

）

Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)

Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.

问题1选项

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

问题2选项

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

问题3选项

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

问题4选项

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

问题5选项

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:H

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:E

【解析】1.根据SectionA第一句，“Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide…”，可知本段在介绍每个经济发达社会中的健康卫生系统都要面临的问题。所以“problem”为关键词，选项ⅳ符合题意。

2.根据SectionB中第二句，“…thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.”西方社会逐渐认识到，矿物燃料资源是有限的，自然或环境维持经济发展和人口的能力也是有限的。由此可判断出本段与经济的可持续发展相关。学选项viii符合题意。

3.根据SectionC中第二句，“…health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.”，医疗保健逐渐被视为人们行使作为自主人的其他权利所必需的基本社会设施之一。可判断出医疗保健和其他权利的行使有联系，选项i符合题意。

4.根据SectionD中第二、三句，“…thisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.”，这项权利使国家有责任或义务确保从公共财政中提供足够的医疗保健资源。国家本身没有义务提供卫生保健系统，但必须确保提供这种系统。可知本段主要提到了国家在医疗保健中的作用，选项iii符合题意。

5.根据文章SectionE中第二句，“Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchanges…”，导致目前对医疗保健资源分配关注的第二个更具体的变化源于大多数经合发组织国家医疗费用的急剧增加，同时还伴随着大规模的人口和社会变化。可判断出本段主要提到了最近的一些变化带来的影响。选项v符合题意。

6.单选题

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.

问题1选项

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项onthegroundof“因为”；B选项onthetopof“除……之外；在……之上”；C选项inthelightof“鉴于”；D选项onthevergeof“接近于，濒临于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隶社会已______处于解体。根据语境，这里指奴隶社会快要解体了，所以onthevergeof“接近于，濒临于”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

TheWorldBankhasfundedmanyimprovementschemes（）,includingshantytownandtransportimprovements.

问题1选项

A.global

B.overall

C.worldwide

D.universally

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项global“全球的，总体的”；B选项overall“全部的，全体的”；C选项worldwide“遍及全球地”；D选项universally“普遍地，到处”。句意：世界银行资助了很多世界各地的改善计划，包括贫民区和交通的改善。根据句意，只有A、C选项符合意思。题干中的scheme是个名词，之后可以加副词作为定语修饰名词，而A选项是个形容词，故排除。所以本题的正确答案是C选项。

8.翻译题

Atthestartofthe21stcentury,humankindfindsitselfonanon-sustainablecourse—thecoursethat,unlessitischanged,couldleadtograndscalecatastrophes.Atthesametime,weareunlockingformidablenewcapabilitiesthatleadtomoreexcitinglivesandgloriouscivilizations.Thiscouldbeeitherhumanity’slastcenturyorthecenturythatsetstheworldonacoursetowardaspectacularfuture.

Weliveonasmall,beautifulandatotallyisolatedplanet,butitspopulationisbecomingtoolarge;enormousnewconsumersocietiesaregrowing,ofwhichChinaisthelargest;andtechnologyisbecomingpowerfulenoughtowrecktheplanet.Wearetravelingatbreakneckspeedintoanageoftheextremes—extremesinwealthandpoverty,extremesintechnologyandtheexperimentsthatscientistswanttoperform,extremeforcesofglobalism,weaponsofmassdestructionandterroristsactinginthenameofreligion.Ifwearetosurvive,wehavetolearnhowtomanagethissituation.

Thesetofproblemshasasetofsolutions.Ifwehumansimplementthesesolutions,wecangraduallyachievesustainabledevelopmentandasustainablebutaffluentlife.Workingtowardsustainabilityrequiresmanydifferenttypesofactionsindifferentsubjectareas.Inlightofrapidlyadvancingtechnology,however,sustainabilityaloneisnotenough.Weneedtobeconcernedwithsurvivability.Theremustbeamoveawayfromtheuntenablecourseweareontodaytowardaworldwherewelearntocontrolthediverseforcesweareunleashing.

【答案】【参考译文】在21世纪开始之际，人类意识到自己正走上了一条走不下去的路。除非改变方向，否则这条路会将人类引向巨大的灾难。可是同时，我们也正释放出种种新的巨大潜能，而借助这些潜能，人类能迎来各种更令人激动的生活和更光辉的文明。这可能是人类的最后一个世纪，但也可能是人类拨正航程，朝光辉灿烂未来驶去的一个世纪。

我们生活在一个与其他星球隔绝的美丽的小星球上，但是地球的人口已经太多；庞大的新兴消费社会正在成长，而中国是其中最大的一个；科技也正变得无比强大到足以毁坏这个星球。我们正疯狂地奔向一个极端的时代：极端的富有，极端的贫困，极端的科学技术，极端的科学实验，极端的全球化影响力，大规模毁灭性武器，还有以宗教名义进行的恐怖活动。假如想要逃此一劫，我们就得学会如何驾驭这一形势。

这一系列的问题也有一系列的解决方案。如果我们人类能将这些方案付诸实施，我们就能渐渐地达到可持续发展的目标，享有一种既可持续但仍富裕的生活。达到可持续这个目标需要在不同的领域采取不同的行动。然而考虑到科技的快速发展，仅仅可持续是不够的。我们需要关注能否存活。我们必须放弃今日我们采取的已无出路的方向，朝一个新方向前行，而新世界要求我们学会掌控我们释放出的各种能量。

9.填空题

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【试题答案】C

2.【试题答案】D

3.【试题答案】C

4.【试题答案】C

5.【试题答案】D

6.【试题答案】B

7.【试题答案】A

8.【试题答案】A

9.【试题答案】C

10.【试题答案】A

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查词性。C项修饰形容词large，此处increasing应改为副词increasingly，故选C。

2.【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。Sacrifices和involve之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词involved。因此D合题意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【试题解析】考查代词。C项指代前文thepaidmanagers，为负数，因此该用they不是he，故选C。

4.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。在此处that指代的先行词为questions，为复数，遵守主谓一致的原则，应该是have不是has，故选C。

5.【试题解析】考查连词。此处考查whether...or...“是……还是……，或者……或者……”，and错误，应是or，故选D。

6.【试题解析】考查介词。此处句意为：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介词by更合适，故选B。

7.【试题解析】考查冠词。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位语，对其进行解释说明，因此professor前面应有冠词a，故选A。

8.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主语的谓语动词形式为woulddo，可以判断出这是对现在时间的虚拟，从句的动词应用examined。故选A。

9.【试题解析】考查副词。Neither才是否定的“也”，故选C。

10.【试题解析】考查语态。根据语境和句意，此处应该用主动语态，去掉been才正确，故选A。

10.单选题

[A]Asherfocus[B]changed,thelovepoetrythatEdamSt.VincentMillay[C]producedinthe1920’s[D]increasinggavewaytopoetrydealingwithsocialinjustice.

问题1选项

A.As

B.changed

C.produced

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查点】副词的用法。

【解题思路】根据句子结构可知，句子主干为“thelovepoetrygavewaytopoetrydealingwithsocialinjustice（描写爱情的诗被描写社会不公的诗替代）”，谓语动词是gavewayto，increasing是形容词，只能修饰名词，所以要将D项改为increasingly。

【句意】随着她的创作重点的改变，伊丹•圣文森特•米莱在二十世纪二十年代创作的爱情诗歌逐渐让位于描写社会不公的诗歌。

11.单选题

Someonewhois（）usuallysaystheoppositeofwhattheyreallymeaninordertoinsultsomeone.

问题1选项

A.artistic

B.fantastic

C.sarcastic

D.romantic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。artistic“艺术的，风雅的”;fantastic“奇异的；不可思议的；极好的”;sarcastic“挖苦的；尖刻的”；romantic“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”。句意：那些尖酸刻薄的人经常说反话来侮辱别人。由后半句saystheoppositeofwhattheyreallymeaninordertoinsultsomeone可知此空填贬义词，并且只有C项符合所描述的对象的特征，故C项正确。

12.单选题

Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach（）,orrevolution,aroundthesun.

问题1选项

A.tour

B.travel

C.visit

D.trip

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项tour“旅行，旅游”，B项travel“长途旅行”，C项visit“访问，逗留”，D项trip“（尤指短程往返的）旅行，（赛跑等）赛程”。根据关键词earth（地球）和aroundthesun（围绕太阳）可推测，空格处表示“旅程”，而根据语境，四个选项中能够与make搭配的只有trip。句意：地球每绕太阳一周需要一年的时间。因此，该题D项正确。

13.单选题

Amajoritytakencollectivelymayberegardedasabeingwhoseopinionsand,mostfrequently,whoseinterestsareopposedtothoseofanotherbeing,whichisstyledaminority.Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?Menarenotapttochangetheircharactersbyagglomeration;nordoestheirpatienceinthepresenceofobstaclesincreasewiththeconsciousnessoftheirstrength.Forthesereasonsweshouldnotwillinglyinvestanygroupofourfellowswiththatunlimitedauthoritywhichweshouldrefusetoanyindividual.

Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.Unlimitedpowerisinitselfabadanddangerousthing,andnopoweronearthissoworthyofhonorforitselforofreverentialobediencetotherightswhichitrepresentsthatweshouldadmititsuncontrolledandall-predominantauthority.Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.

ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength;theexcessivelibertywhichreignsinthatcountryisnotsoalarmingasistheveryinadequatesecuritywhichexistsagainsttyranny.

WhenanindividualorapartyiswrongedintheUnitedStates,towhomcanheapplyforredress?Iftothepublicopinion,publicopinionconstitutesthemajority;iftothelegislature,itrepresentsthemajorityandimplicitlyobeysitsinjunctions;iftotheexecutivepower,itisappointedbythemajorityandremainsapassivetoolinitshands;thepublictroopsconsistofthemajorityunderarms;thejuryisthemajorityinvestedwiththerightofhearingjudicialcases,andincertainstateseventhejudgesareelectedbythemajority.Howeveriniquitousorabsurdtheevilcomplainedabout,nosurebarrierisestablishedtodefendagainstit.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

3.Theauthor’streatmentofthetopicofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

4.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

问题1选项

A.TheTyrannyoftheMajority

B.Democracy:TriumphofthePeople

C.AbusesofPower

D.TheFailureofDemocracyintheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.Democracyisnogreaterdefenseagainsttyrannythanismonarchyoraristocracy.

B.Minorityrulewouldprobablybemoreresponsivetotheneedsofallpeoplethanmajorityrule.

C.Torenderitselfimmunetothegermoftyranny,theUnitedStatesshouldstrengthenitspoliticalinstitutions.

D.Sinceonesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,itisfutiletoprovidechecksandbalancesingovernment.

问题3选项

A.ironic

B.neutral

C.logical

D.irreverent

问题4选项

A.challengingacommonlyheldbelief

B.contrastingtwoopposingviews

C.advocatingacourseofaction

D.reconcilinganapparentconflict

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”，如果承认一个拥有绝对权力的人可能会滥用这种权力来冤枉他的对手，为什么大多数人在滥用他们权力的时候不会受到同样的指责呢？此句为文章的中心句，体现了文章的中心思想。下文继续提出我们不应该把我们应该拒绝给个人的绝对权力授予任何大多数派的人。可判断出最符合文章的主题与大多数派相关。选项A符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.”，当绝对命令的权力授予一个民族或一个国王、一个贵族或一个民主、一个君主制或一个共和国时，就已经埋下了专制的种子。可判断出民主和君主制或贵族统治一样，也可能导致专制统治，选项A符合文意。文章中并没有提及少数人统治比多数人统治更令人满意，并未将二者进行比较，选项B不符合文意。根据第三段第一句，“ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength…”美国现行民主制度的主要弊端，并不像欧洲人常说的那样，来自于它们的软弱，而是来自于它们压倒一切的力量。可判断出文章并未提及美国需要加强政治制度来免受专制统治。选项C不符合文意。根据文章第二段第一句，“Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.”，一种社会力量必须始终凌