考研考博-英语-吐鲁番职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吐鲁番职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Shesuddenlysawacougarperchedonthefencereadytoswooponherson.

问题1选项

A.pounceon

B.aimat

C.glideupon

D.attackagainst

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pounceon猛扑；突然袭击B.aimat针对；瞄准

C.glideupon滑翔在……上D.attackagainst袭击

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词cougar（美洲狮）可推知，这只狮子是猛扑向她儿子，所以swoopon表示“猛扑”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。

【句意】她突然看见一只美洲狮停在篱笆上，准备扑向她儿子。

2.单选题

TheprominentBritishsurgeonJosephListerpioneeredtheuseofcarbolicacidto______surgicalinstruments,suturesandwounddressing,therebypreventinginfectionofwounds.

问题1选项

A.obviate

B.desolate

C.mandate

D.sterilize

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项obviate“排除，避免，消除”，B项desolate“使荒凉，使孤寂”，C项mandate“授权，托管”，D项sterilize“消毒，杀菌，使成不毛”。根据therebypreventinginfectionofwounds“从而防止伤口感染”可知，sterilize符合语境。句意：著名的英国外科医生JosephLister率先使用石炭酸消毒手术器械、缝合线和伤口敷料，从而防止伤口感染。因此，该题选择D项正确。

3.单选题

Thelovethat（）takesupresidenceinthesoulandhelpscompleteus.

问题1选项

A.stands

B.bears

C.endure

D.lengthens

【答案】C

【解析】stand"忍受,抵抗";bear"忍受,支撑";endure"持续,忍耐";lengthen"变长,延长"。句意：爱持续占据灵魂,使我们变得完整。选项C符合句意。

4.案例题

Apowerfulpersonalgrowthtoolisthe30-daytrial.ThisisaconceptIborrowedfromthesharewareindustry,whereyoucan（1）atrialversionofapieceofsoftwareandtryitoutrisk-freefor30daysbeforeyou'rerequiredtobuythe（2）version.It'salsoagreatwaytodevelopnew（3）,andbestofall,it'sbrain-deadsimple.Let'ssayyouwanttostartanewhabitlikeanexerciseprogramor（4）abadhabitlikesuckingoncancersticks.Weallknowthatgetting（5）andstickingwiththenewhabitforafewweeksisthehardpart.Onceyou'veovercomeinertia,it'smucheasiertokeepgoing.Yetweoftenpsycheourselvesoutofgettingstartedby（6）thinkingaboutthechangeassomething（7）beforewe'veevenbegun.Itseemstoooverwhelmingtothinkaboutmakingabigchangeand（8）withiteverydayfortherestofyourlifewhenyou'restillhabituatedtodoingthe（9）.Themoreyouthinkaboutthechangeassomethingpermanent,themoreyou（10）whereyouare.Butwhatifyouthoughtaboutmakingthechangeonly（11）sayfor30days—andthenyou'refreetogobacktoyouroldhabits?Thatdoesn'tseemsohardanymore.Exercisedailyforjust30days,thenquit,maintaina（12）organizeddeskfor30days,thenslackoff.Readforanhouradayfor30days,thengobacktowatchingTV.

Couldyoudoit?Itstill（13）abitofdisciplineandcommitment,butnotnearlysomuchasmakingapermanentchange.Any（14）deprivationisonlytemporary.Youcan（15）downthedaystofreedom.Andforatleast30days,you'llgainsomebenefit.It,'snotsobaD.Youcanhandleit.It'sonlyonemonthoutofyourlife.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

Temporary

download

commitment

neatly

require

mentally

count

opposite

stay

discipline

permanent

habit

overcome

stick

adopt

full

free

perceive

quit

start

【答案】1.download

2.full

3.habits

4.quit

5.started

6.mentally

7.permanent

8.sticking

9.opposite

10.stay

11.commitment

12.neatly

13.requires

14.perceived

15.count

【解析】1.根据句意,下载某种软件,用downloadsoftware。

2.fullversion指完整版。句意：下载某个软件的免费试用版使用30天后,你会被要求购买完整版。

3.从下文的"Let'ssayyouwanttostartanewhabit."可推测,填空处也应该填入habit,且为复数。

4.quitabadhabit指改正某个坏习惯。

5.根据句意：我们都知道,开始并坚持几个星期的新习惯是困难的。先开始才能坚持。

6.根据句子结构可知这里应该用副词修饰thinking,根据上文的psych推断mentally正确。

7.根据下文"Themoreyouthinkaboutthechangeassomethingpermanent,..."可知此处也应填入permanent。

8.stickwith坚持,文中多次出现。

9.dotheopposite为固定用法,意为背道而驰。

10.根据句意：你越认为这种改变是永久性的,你就会在原地待得越久。这里指保持现状。

11.make…commitment为固定搭配,意为"做出……的承诺"。

12.maintainaneatlyorganizeddesk保持课桌的干净整洁。

13.根据句意：尽管它依然完成了一些纪律和承诺,但远没有达到永久改变的程度。

14.句意：任何感知到的剥夺都只是暂时的。

15.countdown为固定搭配,意为"倒数"。

5.单选题

（）conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

问题1选项

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:城邦之间的持续冲突导致了希腊文明的最终衰落。

考查形容词辨析。continuous和continual都有“连续的，持续的”意思，但continuous强调“不间断”而continual强调“频繁，反复”。Constant不变的，恒定的；contrary相反的，对立的。这里是用来形容城邦间的冲突，故选B。

6.翻译题

Severalyearsago,aformerSaudioilministerissuedwhathassincebecomeanoft-quotedprophecy:“TheStoneAgedidnotendforlackofstone,andtheOilAgewillendlongbeforetheworldrunsoutofoil”.Itwasalament,andacknowledgementthatadayofreckoningwascomingthatwouldchangetheglobalbalanceofwealthandpower.AflukeofgeologyhadmadethevastemptinessoftheSaudidesertthenumberonesourceofthemostimportantcommodityonearth.Butthegoodtimeswouldnot,andcouldnot,lastforever,andheknewit.

Ifyougobackfarenough,youcantracetheprosperityandsecurityofnations,corporations,andevenindividualstoenergy.Andinourpetroleum-dependentworld,that,forthemostpart,meansOilGovernmentriseandfallonit,armiesrunonit,companiesrelyonit,andconsumersdependonitfromthetimetheywaketotheirclockradiostothemomenttheyturnofftheirTVsandfallasleep.Forthepastcentury,despiterisingpricesandoccasional“crises”—moreoftenthannotmanufacturedeventsresultingfrompoliticaloreconomicforces—therehasalwaysbeenenoughoilavailabletokeeptheenginesofglobalgrowthhumming.Butthatisaluxuryofthepast.Inthefuture,anewanduncertainenergyageisemerging.

【答案】几年前，一位前沙特石油部长发表了这一预言，后来成为人们经常引用的预言：“石器时代并没有因为缺少石头而结束，石油时代将在世界石油枯竭之前结束。”他哀痛地承认，清算的日子即将到来，全球财富与权力的平衡将会被改变。地理上的意外收获使广袤空旷的沙特沙漠成为地球上最重要商品的最重要的来源。但是，美好的时光不可能永远持续下去，他很清楚这一点。

如果你追溯到足够久远的时代，你可以将国家的安全和繁荣、企业甚至个人都能与能源联系起来。在我们这个依赖石油的世界上，在很大程度上，这意味着石油政府依赖于石油而起起落落，军队依赖于它而运行，公司依赖它，消费者也依赖它，当他们从收音机的闹钟中醒来的时候，直到他们关掉电视睡着的那一刻。在过去的一个世纪里，尽管价格不断上涨，偶尔也会发生危机，但往往是政治或经济力量造成的事件，使得总有足够的石油供应提供动力，来维持全球经济的增长。但这是过去的奢侈。未来，一个新的、不确定的能源时代正在形成。

7.不定项选择题

Microsoftisnolongertheworld’sbiggestcompanybymarketcapitalization.ThereotherU.Scompanieshaveovertakenthesoftwaregiantintermsofstockmarketvalue.Thefirm’svaluehasgonedownsharplyby41%sofarthisyear,fromnearly$600billionto$358billion.Muchofthereasonforthefallhasbeentheuncertaintypromptedbytheon-goinganti-trustcase.IthasbeenovertakenbyGeneralElectric,nowworth$506billion,Intel,worth$441billionandCiscoSystems,$436billion.

OverthepastyearMicrosoftshareshavemoveddownwardsfromahighof$120to$68inearlytradingon7June.MeanwhilerivalCiscohasseenitssharepriceriseby$25tomorethan$60asthecompanyhasgaineditsroleinprovidingthehardwarefortheInternet.AndformostoftheyearithasbeencompetingwithcomputerchipmakerIntelforthesecondplace.Intel’sPentiumchipsarewidelyusedinpersonalcomputersworldwide.

Thecompanythatnowholdsthetitleoftheworld’biggestcompanyisanindustrialgiantwhichmakeseverythingfromtoasterstojetengines.GEhassalesof$110billion—nearlytentimesthatofMicrosoftand340,000employeesworldwide.Ithasseenitsprofitsgrowby15%ayearto$11billion.GECapitalServices,itsfinancialsubsidiary,makeupnearlyhalfitssales.GEproducespowergenerationsystems,locomotive,medicalimagingequipmentandelectricalappliances.ItalsoowntheU.StelevisionnetworkNBCanditsfinancialnewssubsidiary,CNBC,andironically,ajointventurewithMicrosofttoprovidenewsontheInternet.

Microsoft’ssharesnowfaceafurtherperiodofuncertaintyasthecompany’slegalbattlecontinues.Itcouldalsofacedifficultyinrecruitingandretainingemployeeswhosepayhasbeenboostedbytheirshareoptions.TheSeattlebasedfirmislikelytogotoanappealscourtonanyrulings.Itcouldsufferfurtherlossesfromlawsuitsbroughtbycompetitors,whowouldbeabletoclaimtripledamagesforanylossessuffered.Andwithitsenergyandresourcestiedupinthelawsuits,thecompanymayfinditdifficulttocontinuetoinnovateinthefuture,ormovesoaggressivelytobuyupcompetitors.

1.Microsoft’ssharesaredevalueddrasticallyowingto（

）.

2.CiscoSystem’ssharepricehasrisenconsiderably（

）.

3.WhichisnowthesecondbiggestcompanyintheUnitedStates?

4.WhichofthefollowingcompaniesisownedbyGeneralElectricandMicrosofttogether?

5.WhyisitdifficultforMicrosofttoretainemployees?

问题1选项

A.fiercecompetitionfromrivals

B.itsinvolvementinalawsuit

C.thecourtrulings

D.thedecreaseinsalesvolume

问题2选项

A.afterithasovertakenpartofMicrosoft’sshares

B.afterithasbeatenIntelandrisentothesecondplace

C.sinceithasgainedafirmfootinginthemarket

D.becauseitisdevelopingjointlywithMicrosoft

问题3选项

A.GeneralElectric

B.Intel

C.CiscoSystems

D.GECapitalServices

问题4选项

A.GECapitalServices

B.NBC

C.CNBC

D.MSNBC

问题5选项

A.Becauseitfacesanuncertainfuture.

B.Becauseitwillhaveprobleminnovatingitself.

C.Becauseitwillhaveproblempayingthem.

D.Becauseitmaybeboughtupbyitscompetitorsoneday.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：微软公司市值急剧下降的原因是……。A选项“与对手的激烈竞争”；B选项“卷入到一场诉讼中”C选项“法院裁决”；D选项“销售量的下降”根据题干定位到第一段倒数第二句话Muchofthereasonforthefallhasbeentheuncertaintypromptedbytheon-goinganti-trustcase.（股价下跌的主要原因是正在进行的反垄断案引发的）。所以答案是B，文中没有提到法院的裁决所以不能选C。

第2题:事实细节题。题干：思科系统公司的股价上升……。A选项“在它超过了微软的部分股份之后”；B选项“在击败英特尔并上升到第二位之后”；C选项“因为它已经在市场上站稳了脚跟”；D选项“因为它是和微软合作开发的”。根据题干定位到第二段第二句话…asthecompanyhasgaineditsroleinprovidingthehardwarefortheInternet.（……当该公司已经在为互联网提供硬件方面获得了自己的角色），C选项是这句话的同义替换，所以答案选C；文中没有提及股价上升的具体时间也没有说该公司加入了微软，所以A、B、D选项错误。

第3题:事实细节题。题干：那个公司是现在美国第二大的公司。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话IthasbeenovertakenbyGeneralElectric,nowworth$506billion,Intel,worth$441billionandCiscoSystems,$436billion.（它已经被价值5060亿美元的通用电气、价值4410亿美元的英特尔和价值4360亿美元的思科系统所超越。）微软原本是第一，后来被这三家公司超过，排在第二的是因特尔公司，所以答案选B。

第4题:事实细节题。题干：下列哪一家公司是通用电气和微软共同拥有的？根据题干定位到第三段最后一句…anditsfinancialnewssubsidiary,CNBC,andironically,ajointventurewithMicrosofttoprovidenewsontheInternet.（以及它的金融新闻子公司CNBC，讽刺的是，这是它与微软成立的一家提供互联网新闻的合资公司。），因此答案选C。

第5题:判断推理题。题干：为什么微软很难留住员工？A选项“因为他们面临一个不确定的未来”B选项“因为他们很难做到创新”；C选项“因为它将发不出工资”；D选项“因为总有一天它会被对手买下”根据题干定位到最后一段第二句话Itcouldalsofacedifficultyinrecruitingandretainingemployeeswhosepayhasbeenboostedbytheirshareoptions.（该公司还可能在招聘和留住员工方面面临困难，这些员工的工资由他们的股票期权推动）和第四句话Itcouldsufferfurtherlossesfromlawsuitsbroughtbycompetitors,whowouldbeabletoclaimtripledamagesforanylossessuffered.（如果竞争对手提起诉讼，它可能会遭受更大的损失，而竞争对手则可以就其遭受的任何损失要求三倍的赔偿）。从这两句可以看出员工工资随着股票的涨动而动，但是微软可能还会遭受另一些诉讼，所以答案选A，C选项文章没有提及；定位到文章最后一段最后一句话Andwithitsenergyandresourcestiedupinthelawsuits,thecompanymayfinditdifficulttocontinuetoinnovateinthefuture,ormovesoaggressivelytobuyupcompetitors.（由于公司的能源和资源都被官司缠身，该公司可能会发现在未来很难继续创新，或采取激进的行动收购竞争对手。）由此可知文章指的是微软现在已经不能把对手买下了，不是被对手买下，所以错误；而不能创新不是不能留住员工的原因，所以C不能选。

8.单选题

Cultureistransmittedlargelybylanguageandbythenecessityforpeopleinclosecontacttocooperate.Themoreextensivethecommunicationsnetwork,thegreatertheexchangeofideasandbeliefsandthemorealikepeoplebecome—intolerationofdiversityifnothingelse.Membersofacultureoranationaregenerallyinclosercontactwithoneanotherthanwithmembersofotherculturesornations.Theybecomemorelikeeachotherandmoreunlikeothers.Inthisway,theredevelops“nationalcharacter”，whichisthestatisticaltendencyforagroupofpeopletosharevaluesandfollowsimilarbehaviorpatterns.

Frequently,themembersofoneculturewillinterpretthe“nationalcharacteristics”ofanothergroupintermsoftheirownvalues.Forexample,theinhabitantsofaSouthPacificislandmaybeconsidered“lazy”bycitizensofsomeindustrializednations.Ontheotherhand,itmaybethattheislandersplaceagreatvalueonsocialrelationshipsbutlittlevalueon“productivity”，andcropsgrowwithlittleattention.Thenegativeconnotationofthelabel“lazy”isthusunjustifiedfromthepointofviewoftheislandculture.

Stereotypes,suchas“lazy”，“inscrutable,”and“dishonest”givepeoplethesecurityoflabelswithwhichtoreacttoothersinasuperficialway,buttheyaredamagingtorealunderstandingamongmembersofdifferentcultures.Peoplereactmoretolabelsthantoreality.AblackAmericanPeaceCorpsvolunteer,forinstance,isconsideredandcalledawhitemanbyblackAfricans.The“we-they”distinctionappliestowhatevercharacteristicthe“wes’’haveandthe“theys’’donothave—andthecharacteristicsattributedtothe“theys”areusuallyoneswithanegativevalue.

Thedistinctionbecomesmostobviousintimesofconflict.Forthisreason,itisoftensuggestedtheonlythingthatmightjoinallmentogetheronthisplanetwouldbeaninvasionfromouterspace.“We”，theearthlings,wouldthenfight“them”，theoutsiders.

Giventhegreatdiversities—realandimagined—amongpeopleoftheworld,isthereanyfoundationforhopethatsomedayallmenmightjointogethertoformasingleandlegitimateworldgovernment?Theoutcomewillprobablydependonthepoliticalevolutionofmankind.

1.Whatmakespeoplemoretolerantofdiversitybetweendifferentgroups?

2.“Nationalcharacter”isbuiltamongpeoplewho（

）.

3.Tosomeindustrializednations,thementionedSouthPacificislandersare

（

）.

4.Withstereotypes,peopletendto

（

）.

5.WhatistrueabouttheblackAmericanPeaceCorpsvolunteer?

6.Itispossibletoformasingleandlegitimateworldgovernmentonlywhen（

）.

问题1选项

A.Extensivecommunications.

B.Languagedevelopment.

C.Closecooperation.

D.Directinteractions.

问题2选项

A.likeeachother

B.sharethesamevalues

C.speakthesamelanguage

D.thinkinthesameway

问题3选项

A.idle

B.carefree

C.inefficient

D.well-organized

问题4选项

A.reacttoeachotheronaregularbasis

B.seedifferentculturesindifferentways

C.taketheirowncultureasthebestofall

D.describeothercultureswithlabels

问题5选项

A.HewaswrongedbyhisfellowAfricanAmericans.

B.Hewasconsideredasadistinguishedvolunteer.

C.Hewasdiscriminatedagainstbythewhites.

D.HewasexcludedfromtheblackAfricans.

问题6选项

A.peoplearewillingtoabandontheir“nationalcharacter”

B.peopleofdifferentnationsholdsimilarpoliticalviews

C.humanbeingsasawholehaveonecommonenemy

D.humanbeingsareabletocontactbeingsinouterspace.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第二句。“Themoreextensivethecommunicationsnetwork,thegreatertheexchangeofideasandbeliefsandthemorealikepeoplebecome…（交际网络越广泛，思想和信仰的交流就越多，人与人之间的相似之处也就越多。）”，从而得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息。可将信息点定位至原文第一段最后一句。“Inthisway,theredevelops‘nationalcharacter,’whichisthestatisticaltendencyforagroupofpeopletosharevaluesandfollowsimilarbehaviorpatterns（这样，就形成了“民族性”，这是一群人分享价值观和遵循相似行为模式的统计趋势）”，即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。“Forexample,theinhabitantsofaSouthPacificislandmaybeconsidered‘lazy’by...（例如，南太平洋岛屿的居民可能被认为是“懒惰的”……）”，从而得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段第一句。根据“givepeoplethesecurityoflabelswithwhichtoreacttoothers（给人们安全的标签，让他们对他人做出反应）”，即可得出本题答案。

5.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段第三句。根据“AblackAmericanPeaceCorpsvolunteer,forinstance,isconsideredandcalledawhitemanbyblackAfricans.（例如，美国和平队的黑人志愿者被非洲黑人认为是白人，并被称为白人。）”即可得出本题答案。

6.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。“Theoutcomewillprobablydependonthepoliticalevolutionofmankind.（其结果可能将取决于人类的政治演变。）”从而得出本题答案。

9.单选题

Onemajorobstacle[A]toeconomicdevelopmentispopulationgrowth.[B]Thepopulationsofmostdevelopingcountriesgrowataratemuchfasterthan[C]thatofindustrializedcountries.Onereasonforthisgrowthisthehighcrudebirth-rate—thenumberof[D]livebirthsper1,000people.

问题1选项

A.to

B.Thepopulations

C.that

D.livebirths

【答案】C

【解析】考查代词用法。B选项与C选项中间有比较标志than说明两者之间有比较。C选项的that指代thepopulations，应与前面的复数形式保持一致，应把that改为those。

10.写作题

Directions:Opinionsvaryaboutthemostimportantfactorthatinfluencesastudent’ssuccessinschool.Somepeoplearguethatthemostimportantfactorisagoodteacher.Giveyourcommentbyusingspecificreasonsandexamples.Pleasewriteanessayonthistopicinnolessthan200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【参考范文】

Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonwhatisthemostimportantfactortoinfluencestudents’successinschool.Somepeoplethinkthemostimportantfactoristhestudents’intellectualabilityorstudents’interestinlearning,whileothersbelievethatateacherwithrichteachingexperienceisthemostimportant,becausesuchateachercangivestudentsthemostaccurateguidanceinclass.Personally,Ibelievethattherearemanyfactorsthataffectstudents’academicperformance,althoughteachersareimportant,thefoundationoflearninglieswiththestudentsthemselves.

Firstly,studentsarethesubjectsoflearningandthebearersoflearningtasks.Iftheyarenotwillingtolearn,orthereareproblemsinlearningmethodsandattitudes,itisquitenormalthattheydonothaveobviousachievements.Therefore,inordertogetstudentstodowell,thefirstproblemtobesolvedshouldbetoarousestudents’learningenthusiasm,teachthemthelearningmethodsandskillstheyshouldhave,andmakethemwillingtolearn,otherwiseothereffortswillbeinvain.

Secondly,theteacher’steachingisalsoveryimportant.Therealmastersarethosewhoaregoodatsimplifyingcomplexproblems,notthoseso-calledexpertswhoaremystifying.Iftheteachercansystemizethefragmentedknowledge,simplifythecomplexknowledge,maketheboringknowledgeinteresting,andteachsomelearningskills,itwillgreatlyreducethedifficultyofstudents’learning,sothatmorestudentswillbewillingtolearn.Butit’sallbasedonstudents’willingnesstolearn.

Inconclusion,themostimportantfactoraffectingstudents’academicperformanceisthestudentsthemselves.Ifwecanworkonthefactorsthatcanbechanged,Ibelievethatourstudents’performancewillimprove.

11.单选题

ThoughonemayquestionthedegreetowhichtheCivilWarrepresentsamilestoneinwomen’spursuitofsocial,economic,andpoliticalequality,Leonard’srecentstudyhasexcelledthatofherpredecessorGinzbergindebunkingpersistentmythsaboutwomen’sprimaryrelationtothewarasweepingwidows,self-sacrificingwives,patrioticfiancees,andloyaldaughters.Leonardasksifthewartimeworkofnorthernwomeninfluencedpopularperceptionsofwomen’sabilities,andifhomefrontproductionwereseenascontributingtothereadinessofsoldiers.Findingintheaffirmative,shearguesthathomefrontactivitiesgeneratedrespectforwomen’sorganizationaltalentsandopenedupnewworkopportunitiesforwomen,whileparticipationreinforcedtheirself-relianceandself-esteem.

Incontrasttoherpredecessors,whosawthewarastransformingtheideologyofbenevolence,Leonardfindsthatwomen’swarworkdrewheavilyupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.Itwasoncebelievedthatwartimebenevolenceheightenedchangesemerginginthe1850sbyreplacingtheantebellumideologyofgenderdifferenceandfemalemoralsuperioritywithanewideologyofgendersimilarityandamoremasculineethosofdisciplineandefficiency.Leonardassertsinsteadthatwhite,middle-class,Yankee,charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhoodand,inparticular,woman’suniquemoralresponsibilityformaintainingcommunityandhernaturalselflessnessandcaretakingabilities,toexpandtheboundariesofwoman’sproperplace.Withdeterminationandcourage,womenbroughtforthpositivechangesinpopularcharacterizationsofmiddle-classwomanhoodthatopenednewdoorsforwomenintheprofessionsandinpubliclife.

AweakpointofLeonard’stheoryisherassessmentofthethemesofpostwarhistoriesofwomen’swartimeservice.Leonardviewstheseworksasextollingwomen’sself-sacrificeandabilitytocooperatemenwhiledownplayingwomen’sdemandsforstatusandpayandignoringthescopeofwomen’sadministrativegenius.Butothertheorists,mostnotablyGinzbergthavearguedthatthesesameworksmayalsobeviewedaspraisingtheefficiencyofthenewcentralizedandnationalcharitableorganizations,women’swage-earningcapacity,andtheirsubordinationoffemininefeelingandenthusiasmtobusiness-likeandwar-likeroutinizationandorder.Twosetsofvalues—oldernotionsofbenevolenceandnewdemandsofpublicservice—wereatwarintheNorth,awarthatcanbeplottedthroughtensionsaboutpayingwages,centralizingcorporatefunctionsofbenevolence,relatingbenevolencetogovernment,andusingfundsforadministrative—asopposedtostrictlycharitable—purposes.Itmaywellbethatwartimemasculinizationoftheideologyofbenevolencepushedwomenfurtherfromboththesymbolicandtherealcentersofpowerforsocialchangeandhastenedinsteadaclass-basedallianceforsocialwelfare.ButwecanagreewithLeonardthatthewarforcedmentoyieldground,sharingandsometimesevensurrenderingterritory,power,andstatusinthepublicrealm.

25.WhichoftheFollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

26.Accordingtothepassage，Leonardassertsthatwomen’sactivitiesduringtheCivilWarhadallofthefollowingpositiveeffectsEXCEPT

27.Itcanbeinferred-fromthepassagethatLeonardwouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthestatusofwomenduringtheCivilWar?

I.Antebellumvalueswereexpanded,notreplaced,inordertodevelopnewdefinitionsofwomanhood.

II.Historianshavepaidinsufficientattentiontodemandsforhigherstatuswomenmadeduringthewar.

III.Onthewhole,thewarwasdetrimentaltotheperceptionofwomen.

28.ItcanbeinferredthatLeonardwouldmostlikelyconsiderwhichofthefollowinghypotheticalcasesofCivilWarwomentheLEASTsupportiveofherthesis?

29.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

30.WithwhichofthefollowingcriticismsofLeonard'stheorywouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.TheInfluenceofElizabethLeonardonHistoriansofFeminismintheCivilWar

B.Leonard’sExplanationofHowtheCivilWarImprovedthePlightofWomen

C.FeminismintheCivilWar:NewControversyAboutanOldSubject

D.TheHeritageofBenevolence:TheCivilWar’sContributiontoWomen'sCharitableOrganizations

问题2选项

A.Theywerepraisedasaidingthewarcause.

B.Theyimprovedwomen'seconomicsituation.

C.Theywereconsideredproofofwomen’sabilitiestoorganizethemselves.

D.Theycreatednewoccupationalopportunitiesforwomen.

问题3选项

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.I,II,andIII

问题4选项

A.Awidowwhopatrioticallyrefusedtoremarry,evenafterhersoldierhusbandwaskilledinbattle

B.Awomanwhoshiftedfromworkingasaseamstresstorunninganarmyuniformfactory

C.AwomanwhodressedasaSouthernsoldierinordertocrossenemylinesasaspy

D.Awomanwhoestablishedacharityinordertocollectmoneyforprosthesesforwaramputees

问题5选项

A.Theauthorcomparesandcontraststheworkofseveralhistoriansandthendiscussesareasforpossiblenewresearch.

B.Theauthorpresentshisthesis,drawsontheworkofseveralhistoriansforevidencetosupporthisthesis,andconcludesbyreiteratinghisthesis,

C.Theauthordescribessomefeaturesofahistoricalstudyandthenusesthosefeaturestoputforthhisownargument

D.Theauthorpresentsthegeneralargumentofahistoricalstudy,describesthestudyinmoredetail,andconcludeswithabriefjudgmentofthestudy’svalue

问题6选项

A.Itlaystoomuchimportanceupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.

B.Itfailstoacknowledgethatmasculinizationofwar-timeeffortsmayhavebeendetrimentaltothefeministcause.

C.Ittendstooveremphasizetheroleofwomeninshiftingtheirstatusoverthecourseofthewar.

D.Itbasesitsthesistooexclusivelyonwhite,Yankee,middle-classwomen,ignoringeveryothersocialandracialclass.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:A

【解析】25.主旨大意题。通读全文，可发现作者全文探讨的重点是对于内战给女性（女权）带来的影响，作者及其前辈研究者持有不同的观点。根据关键词“CivilWar”“women”“othertheorists…argue…”即可得出本题答案。

26.

细节事实题。可将信息点定位至原文第一段，根据信息点“ifhomefrontproductionwereseenascontributingtothereadinessofsoldiers（是否后方生产被认为有助于提高士兵的战备）”“generatedrespectforwomen’sorganizationaltalentsandopenedupnewworkopportunitiesforwomen（尊重妇女的组织才能，为妇女创造新的工作机会）”，即可得出A、C、D三项符合原文，而选项B原文并未提及，从而得出本题答案。

试题答案B

27.细节推断题。将信息点定位至原文第二段第三句和第四句，“Leonardassertsinsteadthatwhite,middle-class,Yankee,charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhoodand,inparticular,woman’suniquemoralresponsibilityformaintainingcommunityandhernaturalselflessnessandcaretakingabilities,toexpandtheboundariesofwoman’sproperplace.Withdeterminationandcourage,womenbroughtforthpositivechangesinpopularcharacterizationsofmiddle-classwomanhoodthatopenednewdoorsforwomenintheprofessionsandinpubliclife.”从而可判断I与原文相符。而II、III明显与原文不符，从而得出本题答案。

28.细节推断题。注意题干关键词“theleastsupportive”，根据原文信息点“charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhood”“expandtheboundaries”“broughtforthpositivechanges”即可得出本题答案。

29.

结构分析题。通读全文后即可发现选项D最为吻合作者的行文结构。从而得出本题答案。

30.

事实推断题。根据原文第二段信息点“women’swarworkdrewheavilyupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.（妇女战争工作在很大程度上借鉴了战前妇女的性质和范围的意识形态。）”即可进行合理推断。从而得出本题答案。

12.单选题

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therear