考研考博-英语-吕梁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吕梁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.不定项选择题

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredasadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedications,suchassteroids,thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenasithastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult,theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonjoints),gout,boneandjointdiseases(includingrupturedintervertebraldiscs),varicoseveins,respiratoryailments,andgallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,cervix,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,esophagus,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenMBI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeupAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

11.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

12.Accordingtothepassage,（）

13.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

14.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting.

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyhealthproblems.

问题2选项

A.Obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids.

B.Obesitydoesnotaffectaperson’schancesofgettingcancer.

C.Adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone’sageandsex.

D.Obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday’ssociety.

问题3选项

A.Dietsdon’tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits.

B.Dietsleadtoguiltanddepression.

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingsofdeprivation.

问题4选项

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpersons.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight.

问题5选项

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers.

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】11.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲肥胖可能会导致很多疾病。D选项“肥胖会导致很多疾病”，选项D正确。C选项“肥胖被认为是一种疾病”，文章只是稍微提到此内容，可排除。B选项“许多人不断节食”，不符合文章内容，可排除。A选项“肥胖给心脏带来负担”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.（肥胖通常被定义为一个人的年龄、性别和体型超出正常范围的脂肪堆积。）也就是说，肥胖的诊断是基于一个人的年龄和性别的正常体重。选项C“肥胖的诊断是基于一个人的年龄和性别的正常体重”与原文描述一致。A选项“肥胖通常与药物有关，比如类固醇”，类固醇并不是造成肥胖的主要原因，A选项可排除。B选项“肥胖并不影响一个人得癌症的机会”，肥胖可能会导致癌症，B选项可排除。D选项“在当今社会，肥胖问题已经不那么严重了”，肥胖仍然是一个比较严重的问题，排除D选项。因此C选项正确。

13.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.（节食不会教人们如何正确的饮食。它们只是暂时限制食物的摄入量，所以当饮食结束时，体重又会增加）。选项A“节食并没有教会人们良好的饮食习惯”，符合原文内容，A选项正确。B选项“节食会导致内疚和抑郁”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“有太多的节食，每个都有不同的要求”，文章没有提到这一点，可排除。D选项“节食会导致被剥夺的感觉”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。

14.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。第五段大意为：一些研究人员发现，将超重和死亡联系起来的数据并不确定，而另一些研究人员则发现，减肥可能比超重的危害更大。而划线部分的前一句提到：体重超标的相对风险会随着年龄的增长而下降。由此可推断，老年人减肥是不明智的。选项A“对老年人来说，大量减肥是不明智的”，A选项正确。B选项“有些减肥的外科手术方法比节食更好”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“所有肥胖的人都需要减掉多余的体重”，文章所说，肥胖对人体的危害会随年龄的增加而减小，因此不是所有肥胖的人都需减重，C选项可排除。D选项“肥胖者应该向医生咨询减肥的利弊”，文章并没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。

15.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干我们可以定位到文章倒数第二段第一句ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenMBI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.（科学证据表明，MBI（身体质量指数）与较高的死亡率之间存在关联。）由此可推测，肥胖也与死亡存在着联系，因此B选项“科学家们一致同意肥胖和死亡之间的联系”正确。

2.单选题

By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,taste,andcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy.However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerveenergieswasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationformtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasfaraspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

However,corticallocus,initself,turnedouttohavelittleexplanatoryvalue.Studiesshowedthatsensationsasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,posture,andpressureapparentlymayarisetothroughactivationof

thesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitationitisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts.Inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogeneousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Tomatchthemultipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologistscouldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhat,by1950,attemptstocorrelatementalexperiencewithbrainprocesseswouldprobablyhavebeenviewedwith（）.

2.Theauthormentions“commoncurrency”inline12primarilyinordertoemphasizethe（）

3.Thedescriptioninlines15-17ofanexperimentinwhichelectricstimuliwereappliedtodifferentsensoryfieldsofthecerebralcortextendstosupportthetheorythat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sopinionofthesuggestionthatdifferentareasofthebraindetermineperceptionsproducedbysensorynerveimpulses?（）

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingexhibittheLEASTqualitativevariation?（）

问题1选项

A.indignation

B.impatience

C.pessimism

D.indifference

问题2选项

A.lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeings

B.similarityofthesensationsthatallhumanbeingsexperience

C.similaritiesintheviewsofscientistswhohavestudiedthehumannervoussystem

D.continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem

问题3选项

A.thesimplepresenceofdifferentcorticalareascannotaccountforthediversityofmentalexperience

B.variationinspatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulsescorrelateswithvariationinsubjectiveexperience

C.nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousandarerelativelyunaffectedastheytravelthroughthenervoussystem

D.thementalexperiencesproducedbysensorynerveimpulsesaredeterminedbythecorticalareaactivate

问题4选项

A.Itisaplausibleexplanation,butithasnotbeencompletelyproved.

B.Itisthebestexplanationofbrainprocessescurrentlyavailable.

C.Itisdisprovedbythefactthatthevariousareasofthebrainarephysiologicallyverysimilar.

D.Thereissomeevidencetosupportit,butitfailstoexplainthediversityofmentalexperience.

问题5选项

A.Nervecells

B.Nerveimpulses

C.Corticalareas

D.Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging提到直到1950年，试图将大脑运转过程与心理活动联系起来的努力并不鼓舞人心。可知是不乐观的，选项C符合题意。

2.题干中的commoncurrency出现在句子：thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem中，与句子中的homogeneous的意思相似，选项A的lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulses与nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneous的同义转述，所以选项A符合题意。

3.文章第15-17行描述的实验是电刺激作用于有意识的人体大脑皮层的某一特定感觉区域实验，这个实验的理论来源，itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview，选项D“感觉神经冲动产生的心理体验是由皮质区域激活”。选项D符合题意。

4.文章第二段第二句话However，subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity提到据此开发的记录和分析神经潜力的方法不能反应这种多样性。选项D与其表达一致，符合题意。

5.文章最后一段“inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetween...couldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.”提到神经细胞、神经冲动、皮质区域都可以产生质的变化，而神经冲动的空间模式并没有达到质变。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Someofthepatients,especiallythedying,wantedto______inthemanandwomanwhohadeasedtheirsuffering.

问题1选项

A.ponder

B.confide

C.dwell

D.reflect

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项ponder“仔细考虑，衡量”，B项confide“吐露，委托”，confidein表示“向……吐露秘密”；C项dwell“居住，存在于，细想某事”，dwellin表示“居住”；D项reflect“反映，反射，照出”，reflectin表示“在……中反映出来”。根据句子的意思“有些病人，尤其是垂死的病人，想要……减轻了他们的痛苦的人”可知，四个选项中只有B项能够代入。句意：有些病人，尤其是垂死的病人，想向减轻了他们痛苦的男人和女人倾诉。因此，该题选择B项正确。

4.翻译题

October16thisWorldFoodDay,adayofactionagainsthunger.Thedatecommemoratesthefoundingin1945oftheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization,orFAO.Onthisday,peoplearoundtheworldcometogethertodeclaretheircommitmenttoeradicatehungerinourlifetime.

Overthepastdecadeorso,wehaveseenagreatreductionofpeoplelivingwithhungeronanearlydailybasis.Backthen,aboutoneinsixpeoplewenttobedhungrymostnights.Nowit’saboutoneineverynine.

Nonetheless,thatstillleavessome795,000thousandchronicallyhungrypeoplearoundtheworld.Ofthese,60percentarewomen,andthisdespitethefactthatmostsmallfarmerslivinginthedevelopingworldarewomen.Andwhenwomengohungry,so,alltoooften,dochildren.About161millionkidsundertheageoffivemalnourished.Thismeansthattheirbrainswon’tdevelopnormally,theymayhavedifficultieslearning,andtheirphysicalandcognitivegrowthisstunted.Lackofnutritioncompromisesnotonlytheirownsuccessinthefuture,butalsothedevelopmentofthecommunities,economiesandcountriesinwhichtheylive.Inadditiontothosechildrenwhoarechronicallyundernourished,almost5millionchildrenundertheageof5dieofmalnutrition-relatedcauseseveryyear.

Theglobalcommunityisworkingtoeradicatehunger,becauseitistherightthingtodo.ThefirstoftheUnitedNationsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,calledforhalvingtheproportionofpeoplesufferingfromhungerandfacingextremepoverty.Wehaveachievedthatgoal.Aswetransitiontoasustainabledevelopmentagendafor2030,wehaveraisedourambitionsandarestrivingtoeffectivelyendhungerandextremepovertyaltogether.

【答案】【参考译文】

10月16日是世界粮食日，在这一天会反对饥饿。这一天是为了纪念FAO，即联合国粮食和农业组织于1945年的这一天成立。就是这一天，世界各地的人们团结一心宣布他们会在有生之年消除饥饿。

在过去的10年间，我们已经很大程度减少了几乎每天忍饥挨饿的人数。当时，大约六分之一的人晚上都是饿着肚子睡觉。而现在大约每9人中仍有1人挨饿。

尽管如此，全世界仍有7950万人长期饥饿。尽管发展中国家的大多数小农是女性，但挨饿的女性仍占60%。而当女性饿肚子，她们的孩子也会挨饿。5岁以下约有1.61亿名儿童营养不良。这表明他们的大脑发育不正常，可能会在获取知识上遇到困难，而且身体及认知上也遇到问题。缺乏营养不仅会影响他们未来的成功，而且也会影响他们所处社会，经济及国家的发展。除了那些长期营养不良的孩子，每年近500万名5岁以下儿童会因营养不良而死亡。

全球社会正在努力消除饥饿，因为这是正确的事情。联合国千年发展目标的第一项就是呼吁将饥饿人口及极端贫困的比例减至一半。我们已经实现了这个目标。当我们过渡到2030年可持续发展议程，我们已经提出了这样的目标并且正努力且富有成效的消除所有饥饿和极端贫困。

5.单选题

Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.

Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.

Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.

Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.

61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.

62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.

63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.

64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?

65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas

B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes

C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing

D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations

问题2选项

A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities

B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters

C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities

D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters

问题3选项

A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority

B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters

C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters

D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso

问题4选项

A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.

B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.

C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.

D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.

问题5选项

A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis

B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform

C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoaninternationalissue

D.ahistoricalanalysisofaproblemthatrequiresinternationalattention

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，直到20世纪中叶，国际水域的管辖权争议很少，因为……”。由第二段第四句And，sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.（因为在几乎没有任何行为标准被用到‘公海’上，所以国家间几乎没有管辖权的冲突）可知，国际水域的管辖权争议很少，是因为几乎没有任何行为标准被用到‘公海’上，这里的“openseas”就相当于题干中的“internationalwaters”，因此A项“几乎没有控制或限制使用到海洋领域”正确。B项“海洋领域仅用于没有恶意的行为”没有提到；C项“海洋自由化的条例解决了所有有关航海及捕鱼的纷争”文中没有提到，且C项太绝对；D项“各国平等地享有公海使用权”，这不是管辖权争议少的原因。故该题选A。

62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“根据20世纪中叶以前适用的国际法理论，如果某一国家领水内的商业活动威胁到该水域内的所有海洋生物，那么该国应……”。根据第一段第三句withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities（在这一范围内它有权但没有责任管理所有活动）和第二段第三句Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.（除了对其本国公民的控制外，没有任何国家有责任控制国际水域内的这种活动，更不用说单方面的权力了）可推断，如果某一国家领水内的商业活动威胁到该水域内的所有海洋生物，该国可以根据自身情况自行解决，因此可知D项“被允许自行决定解决这个问题，只要它能够遏制对自己领海的威胁”符合题意。A项“因未能适当管理海洋活动而受到国际组织的正式谴责”和B项“被其他国家呼吁建立保护其领海的规则”在文中没有提到；C项“能够但无须对此类商业活动做出法律限制”，根据第一段最后一句提到becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.（由于这一领土范围非常有限，大多数国家没有建立管理或保护其领海的规则）可推断，大多数国家对领海保护方面没有建立相应的法律规定，因此C项不对。故该题选D。

63.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者认为，在二十世纪中叶以前，大多数国家在领海和国际水域方面的行动表明了……”。由第三段第二句Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.（总的来说，海洋污染不被认为是一个重大问题，部分原因是沿海活动对海洋生态系统的不利影响没有得到广泛认识，而人类活动造成的污染一般被认为仅限于航海造成的污染）可推断，大多数国家对领海和国际水域的生态管理不重视，因此A项“无论是领海还是国际水域的生态系统管理都没有得到足够的重视”符合题意。B项“国际水域的无限资源导致对领海的兴趣不大”和D项“虽然这些国家可以把领土延伸到海岸线三英里以外，但大多数国家选择不这么做”文中没有提到；C项“各国认为他们有责任保护领海，而不是国际水域”，文章只在第一段提到各国有权但没责任管理领海的活动，所以各国没有责任保护领海，C项不正确，故该题选A。

64.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“作者引用下列哪一项作为领海延伸超过三英里界限的影响?”。由第四段第三句中extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems（将领土权力扩展到一个国家海岸外200英里的地方，为各国单独管理更大的生态系统提供了机会）可知，C项“这是一些国家管理大型海洋生态系统的机会”正确。A项“对个别国家施加更大的政治压力，要求它们制定管理海洋资源的全面法律”，B项“各国之间在公海渔业管理方面有更多的管辖权争端”和D项“这是小国家解决沿海污染问题的政治动机”在文中都未提及，故该题选C。

65.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“总的来说这篇文章作为……来描述最好”。A项“导致当今危机的一系列事件的年表”，B项“对现行法律滥用和改革可能性的法律调查”，C项“对国家关注国际问题所固有问题的政治分析”，D项“对一个需要国际关注的问题的历史分析”。文章的主要内容是对海洋污染和生态系统遭到破坏的历史原因和现状的分析，指出国际标准和政策才能更广泛地管制影响海洋生态系统的人类活动，因此根据文章内容，该题D项符合题意。

6.单选题

Britishscientistsfindthatthenestinghabitsof20speciesofbirdswiththewarmingtrendoftheearth'satmosphere.

问题1选项

A.conflict

B.coincide

C.adapt

D.approve

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conflictv.冲突，矛盾，斗争；B选项coincidev.—致，符合，同时发生；C选项adaptv.适应于；D选项approvev.批准，赞成，满意。根据句意可知，英国科学家发现二十种鸟类的筑巢习惯与地球大气的温度上升趋势一致。因此，B项符合题意。

7.单选题

Yourhelpis（）forthesuccessoftheproject.

问题1选项

A.indispensable

B.indicative

C.inevitable

D.inherent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indispensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的”；B选项indicative“象征的；指示的”；C选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”；D选项inherent“内在的；与生俱来的”。句意：你的帮助是这个项目成功不可缺少的。根据句中“thesuccessoftheproject这个项目成功”可知“不可缺少的”符合语境，因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrels（吟游歌手）andmercenaries（雇佣兵）,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclan（部落）system,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor"man".ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresy（异端）intheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism（流浪）.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery.Itwasn'tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust（大屠杀）.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized（消除）,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned(迅速成长).Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplay(不予重视)theirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,"iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey（

）.

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthehistoryoftheGypsies?

问题1选项

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

问题2选项

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

问题3选项

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

问题4选项

A.TheoriginoftheGypsiescanonlybeguessedfromtheirlanguage.

B.EuropeanshadthoughtthattheGypsiesoriginatedfromEgypt.

C.SomepeoplehadthoughtthattheGypsiesmightdisappearasadistinctnationality.

D.There