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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-唐山工业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Inthepasttenyearsskyscrapershavedeveloped______inChicagoandNewYorkCity.

问题1选项

A.homogeneously

B.simultaneously

C.spontaneously

D.harmoniously

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.homogeneously同样地B.simultaneously同时地

C.spontaneously自发地,自然地D.harmoniously和谐地

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“在过去的十年里,摩天大楼在芝加哥和纽约_______拔地而起”,四个选项中只有B项词义符合句意,该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】

C项指自然发生的,非计划性的;

A、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在过去的十年里,摩天大楼在芝加哥和纽约同时拔地而起。

2.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclassesfiction,biography,poetry―weshouldseparatethemandlakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,whatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefinesse,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,and,quaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分,我们就应该把它们分类,从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书,要求小说必须真实,要求诗歌必须虚构,要求传记谄媚,要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见,将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者,而是要去理解他,成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外,并且从一开始就批判他,你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉,那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来,把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研,你很快会发现,作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。

3.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso£groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat().

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey().

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton().

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause().

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey().

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

问题4选项

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

问题5选项

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道没有了欢喜也没了快乐,没有了焦虑也没了恐惧,人们可能很难存活。他们有可能重复伤害自己的行为,却认为这是有益的。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第一段“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因为没有情感的世界里根本不存在奖惩,所以人们无法学习。反之,如果因为做了正确的事情而得到了奖励,那么人们就可能会学习。所以选项A符合原文内容。

3.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社会的经济基础将被摧毁:因为没有任何形式的激励。所以,社会经济基础依赖于享受激励的能力。选项C正确。

4.根据第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”选项B符合原文。

5.根据原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面构造了世界。作为个体,我们会根据自己的情绪来分类物品。由此可见,情感可以帮助我们适应周围的世界,选项D符合原文。

4.单选题

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom(

)onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

问题1选项

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。Configuration“布置,结构”;constitution“建立,组成,宪法”;condemnation“谴责”;contamination“污染,玷污;污染物”。句意:最近在《科学》杂志上发表的一篇文章认为,岩层大部分有有机化学物质来自于地球上的污染而不是火星上的细菌。选项D符合题意。

5.翻译题

是起点也是终点,是终点也是起点;是欢聚也是离散,是出发也是归宿。从来没有一个地方,能汇集如许人的流动量,从来没有一个地方,能拥有如许悲欢离合。从清晨到白昼,从黄昏到晚上,从黑夜到黎明,数不清的脚印,带着来自各地的泥土。重重叠叠,密密麻麻踩上去;有红色的土来自山间,有褐色的土来自田野,有黑色的土来自城市,有白色的土来自海滨。聚拢又散失,堆积又泻落,没有一粒种子能在土里长根,如同没有一双脚步会在这里驻留;缘因——这只是流动的浮土,这仅是过往的月台。

【答案】Itisthebeginningyettheend,theendyetthebeginning.Itisthereunionyetthediscrete,thestartingpointyetthedestination.Therehasneverbeenaplacethatcancollecttheflowofsuchpeopleandthatcanhavesuchjoysandsorrows.Frommorningtoday,fromdusktonight,fromnighttodawn,countlessfootprints,withsoilfromallovertheworld,steponit:redearthfromthemountains,brownearthfromthefields,blackearthfromthecities,andwhiteearthfromthecoast.Thosesoilgathersanddisperses,accumulatesandfalls.Noseedcangrowrootsinthesoil,justlikenopairoffeetwillstayhere.Becauseit’sjustfloatingclay,andit’sjusttheplatformofthepast.

6.单选题

Wehavetakenallthe()wecanagainstthepaintingbeingstolen.

问题1选项

A.precautions

B.admissions

C.concessions

D.transactions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precautions“预防措施”;B选项admissions“许可”;C选项concessions“让步”;D选项transactions“交易”。句意:我们已采取了一切可能的预防措施以防那幅画被盗。本句表示采取预防措施。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

ThomasLeech()averysuccessfulcareerasaphotographer.

问题1选项

A.builtup

B.carvedout

C.foughtfor

D.stumbledon

【答案】B

【解析】动词词组辨析。buildup“增强,加强”;carvedout“创业,开创”;foughtfor“为而奋斗”;stumbleon“无意中发现,偶然遇到”。句意:托马斯作为一名摄影师开创了一份成功的事业。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

OrientalRadiohasdecidedtocancelthispopstarfroma/an()broadcastforhisbreachofcontract.

问题1选项

A.lively

B.alive

C.live

D.living

【答案】C

【解析】lively活泼的,生动的;alive活着的;live活的,生动的,实况转播的;living现存的,逼真的。句意:东方电台已决定取消这位流行歌星的现场广播,因为他违反了合同。只有选项C有直播的意思,所以正确。

9.单选题

—Youforgotyourkeyswhenyoulefthomeinthemorning.

—Goodheavens,().

问题1选项

A.sodidI.

B.soIdid.

C.soyoudid.

D.sodidyou.

【答案】B

【解析】句意:早上,你离开家的时候,忘记拿钥匙了。天啦,是的!

语法题。考查省略。第一句的you和第二句的I是同一个人。根据句意关系,后句是表示同意上文陈述的内容,而第一句主句的动词是forgot(过去时),因此“soldid”表示“确实”,符合句意和结构,助动词需与前文保持时态一致。因此B项正确。

10.单选题

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we(

)soformally.

问题1选项

A.needn'tdressup

B.didnotneedhavedressedup

C.didnotneeddressup

D.needn'thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。needn’thavedone意为“不必做的事而做了”。

句意:原来只是一个小型家庭聚会,我们没必要打扮得这么正式。

11.单选题

Itwas()wehadhoped.

问题1选项

A.moreasuccessthan

B.asuccessmorethan

C.asmuchofasuccessas

D.asuccessasmuchas

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这次成功跟我所希望的一样。

考查固定句式。asmuch+形容词+as跟……-样。

12.单选题

Sincehisloyalsupportersareallentrenchedinpowerfulandkeypositions,tooverturnhismilitaryregimewillnotbeaneasything.

问题1选项

A.estrange

B.emerged

C.fixed

D.lingered

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。entrench“确立,牢固;挖掘”;A选项estrange“使疏远;离间”;B选项emerge“浮现;摆脱;暴露”的现在分词;C选项fix“使牢固;修理;安装;固定”;D选项linger“徘徊;苟延残喘”。句意:由于他忠实的支持者都牢固地处于强有力且关键的位置,所以去推翻他的军事政权将不是一件容易的事情。题干说到“tooverturnhismilitaryregimewillnotbeaneasything去推翻他的军事政权将不是一件容易的事情”,可知entrench在这里有“牢固”的意思,因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Waterwillcontinuetobe(

)itistoday—nextinimportancetooxygen.

问题1选项

A.how

B.which

C.as

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。后面破折号的内容是对前一句做进一步的补充说明,空格处所在句子为表语从句,所填词引导表语从句且在句中做宾语。故D项正确。句意:水将依然处于仅次于氧气的重要地位。

14.单选题

Tonyhasnottheleast()ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

问题1选项

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intention“打算,意图,意向”,后可接of短语,也可以接不定式短语;B选项interest“兴趣,爱好,利息,趣味”,后接介词in;C选项wish“希望,愿望;祈求,心愿;祝愿,祝福”与D选项desire“欲望;要求,心愿”后一般接不定式。句意:托尼毫无放弃其研究工作的打算。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

NineofthetencampusesoftheUniversityofCalifornia—ledbyBerkeley―onceagainmadeitintoanannualrankingoftheworld’sleadinguniversities.All’swellinCaliforniahighereducation,itmightseem.

ButthatisnotwhatPatBrownorClarkKerrwouldsay,weretheyalivetoday.Theywere,respectively,governorofthestateandpresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniain1960,whenCaliforniaadopteda“masterplan''thatbecameaninternationalmodel.Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.Somepupilswouldso-calledcommunitycollegesforatwo-yearvocationalprogramme,othersoneofthe(now23)campusesoftheCaliforniaStateUniversity,andthebestmightgotoaUCcampus.

Inordertoassureaccessforall,tuitionchargeswerebanned—only“fees”forsomecostsotherthaneducationwereallowed.Mostfundingwastocomefromtaxpayers.Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.AsMr.Kerrputit,theuniversitieswere“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry,withdrawingpowergreaterthanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.’’

Thatconsensushasbeenoverturned.In1990,thestatepaid78%ofthecostofeducatingeachstudent.Thatratiodroppedto47%lastyear,andwillfallevenmoreduringthecurrentacademicyear,afterthelatestroundofbudgetcuts,overseenbyJerryBrown,thecurrentgovernorandsonofPatBrown.Insomeways,CaliforniahasnowinvertedtheprioritiesoftheolderBrown’sera.Spendingonprisonspassedspendingonuniversitiesinaround2004.

Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.Ittakesmoneytoattractthebestprofessors,andthebeststudentsfollowthem.Analternativetoworsepublicuniversities,however,isquasi-privatizedones.ThatseemstobetheroutetakeninCalifornia.

Thusstudentswillthisyear,forthefirsttime,paymorefortuitionthanthestategivesinfunding.ThisfollowsyearsoftuitionfeeincreasesfarsteeperthantheaverageatAmericanpublicuniversities.AplaceataUCcampuscaneasilynowcost$13,000,or$31000includinghousing,givenCalifornia’shighcosts.

Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents(whopaythreetimesmore)and,targetrichgraduatesformoredonations.Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.Thisstrategyretainspocketsofexcellence.Butitalsorunscountertothephilosophyofthemasterplan,bypricingevermoreCalifornianfamiliesoutofaplace.Thestatenowranks41stinthenumberofcollegedegreesawardedforevery100ofitshighschoolgraduates.

1.PatBrownandClarkKerrattemptedtosetupexcellentpublicuniversities,aswellas(

).

2.WhatdoesMr.Kerrimplybysaying“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry(Line4,Para.3)?

3.Whatistheconcernonthepublicuniversitiessincethestatespendingonuniversitieshasdropped?

4.CampusesinCaliforniareceivestudentsfromotherstatesforthepurposeof

).

5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageabouthighereducationinCalifornia?

问题1选项

A.buildinganinternationalmodelofuniversitiesaroundtheworld

B.competingwiththeso-calledcommunitycollegesinthestate

C.offeringcommonandfreeaccesstouniversitiestothestate'spopulation

D.providingatwo-yearvocationalprogramforthestate'spopulation

问题2选项

A.Theuniversitiesfosterto-beelitesforindustry

B.Thetuitionfeesarebannedintheuniversities

C.Thehighereducationisastatewelfare

D.Theuniversitiesaremoreattractivethanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.

问题3选项

A.Tobeunabletoattractthebestprofessors

B.Tobeunabletomaintaintheirexcellence

C.Tobehigh-priced

D.Tobequasi-privatized

问题4选项

A.gettingmoredonations

B.behavinglikeprivateuniversities

C.makingupshortageofgraduates

D.improvingotherearnings

问题5选项

A.ChildrenfromCalifornianfamiliescan’tobtaintheeducationduetothehighcosts.

B.Ithasmovedtowardsprivateuniversitiesalongwithitsdevelopment.

C.Itisonlynursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.

D.Itproducesfewercompanyfounders,inventorsandtaxpayers.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“PatBrownandClarkKerr”定位到第二段的内容“Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.他们的目标不仅是拥有优秀的公立大学,而且要让该州的人口几乎可以免费进入这些大学。”选项C符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据关键词“bait”所在句子的上文“Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.前提是高等教育是全州的一种公共利益,为未来培养自己的企业家和纳税人。”也就是说,大学是挂在工业面前的“诱饵”指的是大学培养工业精英。选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段首句“Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.”这导致人们担心公立大学可能会失去它们的优势。也就是无法保持自己的优势,选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents.为了增加其他收入,各个校区还招收了越来越多的外州学生。”选项D符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.换句话说,在商学院和法学院的领导下,它们(州立大学)的行为越来越像私立大学。”选项B符合原文。选项A和C表述均不正确,选项D在文中没有提及。

16.单选题

Olderpeoplealwaysenjoythe___oftheirrelatives.

问题1选项

A.company

B.accompaniment

C.companion

D.compassion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项company“公司;陪伴;同伴(尤指为某一目的聚集起来的一群人);连队;演出团;宾客”;B选项accompaniment“伴奏;伴随物”;C选项companion“同伴(和你一起旅行或花很多时间和你在一起的人或动物);朋友;指南;手册”;D选项compassion“同情;怜悯”。句意:上了年纪的人总是喜欢有亲戚___。本句表达“年纪大的人喜欢有亲戚陪伴”,因此A选项正确。

17.翻译题

1.Librariesotherthanthoselistedaboverequireadditionalregistrationbeforeyoucanaccesstheircollections.

2.Inthepast,heusedtotellusofhisexpeditionsthroughthewoodsandfieldsroundhishome,andhowheexploredthesolitarybrooksandponds;andthenhedescribedthecuriousanimalsandbirdshesaw.

3.七月份中国消费物价指数与去年同期比下降了0.9%,而六月份该指数下降了0.8%。

【答案】1.除了上面列举的图书馆外,使用其他图书馆的藏书,你还需要另行注册。

2.以前他时常对我说关于他在他家周围的森林和原野中探险的事,以及他怎样找到一些偏僻的溪流和池塘的情形,然后他会描述他所见到的珍禽异兽。

3.China'sconsumerpriceindexinJulydroppedby0.9percentcomparedwiththatofthesameperiodinlastyearandtheindexfell0.8%inJune.

18.单选题

Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttoo()foranyonetoappreciate.

问题1选项

A.drastic

B.dull

C.obscure

D.distinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项drastic“激烈的;猛烈的”;B选项dull“钝的;迟钝的;无趣的;呆滞的”;C选项obscure“昏暗的;晦涩的;不清楚的;隐蔽的”;D选项distinct“明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的”。句意:她对她诗人朋友的提及尽管令人关注,但是却太晦涩而没有人能理解。根据句中“buttoo但是却太”可知“晦涩的”符合语境,因此C选项正确。

19.单选题

Hetriedtohidehis(

)patchbysweepinghishairovertooneside.

问题1选项

A.barren

B.bald

C.bare

D.bleak

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析barren贫瘠的;bald秃头的,赤裸裸的;bare空的,赤裸的;bleak暗淡的,昏暗的。句意:他试图把头发梳到一边来掩盖他的秃顶。答案B

20.单选题

Althoughthetwoplayersare

inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriendsindailylife.

问题1选项

A.partners

B.enemies

C.rivals

D.opponents

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Partner“合作伙伴”;enemy“敌人”;rival“竞争对手”;opponent“反对者”。句意:虽然他们在网球赛场上是竞争对手,但是他们私底下是好朋友。选项C符合题意。

21.单选题

Hipreplacementsurgeryis()jointreplacementsurgeryintheU.S.

问题1选项

A.thesinglemostfrequent

B.themostsinglefrequent

C.thesinglefrequent

D.asinglefrequent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词排序。按照形容词最高级用法,themost排在最前面,single表示种类,frequent表示频率,处于常规形容词排序之外,因此B选项符合题意。

22.单选题

Thereare(

)periodsinanimal’slifewhenitiscapableoflearningagreatdealinaveryshorttime.

问题1选项

A.urgent

B.violent

C.serious

D.critical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。urgent意为“急迫的”;violent意为“暴力的,猛烈的”;serious意为“严重的,严肃的”;critical意为“批评的,爱挑剔的”。

句意:动物的一生当中总会有一段暴力阶段,那段时间它可以在短期内学习很多的东西。

23.单选题

TheBritishLibrary(

)therighttoafreecopyofeverynewbookpublishedintheUnitedKingdom.

问题1选项

A.contains

B.retires

C.retains

D.conveys

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。contain意为“包含,容纳”;retire意为“退休”;retain意为“保持,保留”;convey意为“传达,传递”。

句意:在英国出版的每一版新书,大英博物馆都拥有免费获得一册的权利。

24.问答题

Careerplanningdoesnot(A)guaranteethatalltheproblems,difficulties,or(B)decision-makingsituations(C)facingyouinthefuturewillbesolvedormade(D)moreeasily.

【答案】C;“facing”改为“thatface”。

【解析】考查从句。句意:职业规划并不能保证你更容易解决未来所面临的问题和困难,或者帮助你更轻松地做出抉择。现在分词“facing”在句中作后置定语,可以表主动表进行,等同于“thatyouarefacing”,而句中并没有体现出进行时态,所以将“facing”改为“thatface”,其中“that”引导定语从句,修饰先行词“decision-makingsituation”,表示“你所面临的抉择困境”。

25.单选题

Themeetingwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat()thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atintervals

D.atrandom

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这个会议是如此拖延,让人筋疲力尽,以至演讲者时不时停下来喘口气。

考查短语辨析。Atlarge详尽的,逍遥法外的,未被捕的,整个的;atease安逸,自由自在;atintervals不时地,相隔一定距离(或时间)地;atrandom随便地,任意地。因此C符合句意。

26.单选题

Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.

Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.

Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.

1.Psychologistsareinterestedin(

).

2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?

3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?

4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat(

).

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe(

).

问题1选项

A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments

B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience

C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments

D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior

问题2选项

A.Thevictims.

B.Thevolunteer.

C.Theexperimenter.

D.Theothermembers.

问题3选项

A.Whenthegroupisseparated.

B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.

C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.

D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.

问题4选项

A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers

B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.

C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.

D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.

问题5选项

A.ATypicalExperiment

B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent

C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking

D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理学家特别感兴趣的是,团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。选项A符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据关键词“wrongline”定位到第二段倒数第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小组的其他成员先回答,但志愿者不知道的是,他们被告知要选错一条线。这里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”,所以选项D正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,这个实验中超过一半的被选中的受害者会改变他们的观点。大多数人解释说,他们知道小组的选择是错误的,但他们最终屈服于小组的压力,因为小组的选择是全体一致的。所以选项B正确。

4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知,这个实验实际上是想证明第一段提出的观点“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。最后得出结论,大多数会在团体压力下改变他们的想法。所以选项D符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出观点“当一个人加入一个群体时,他往往会接受这个群体的行为和思维标准”,后面通过实验来证明这个观点。选项A和C表述太笼统,相对于选项D,选项B“我们害怕与众不同吗?”这个标题更好。

27.单选题

SinceJohnhassuchan(

)toflying,IamcertainthathewillnotwanttogotoBritainwithus.

问题1选项

A.aviation

B.aviator

C.aversion

D.avocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。aviation“航空,飞行术”;aviator“飞行员”;aversion“厌恶,反感”;avocation“副业,业余爱好”。句意:既然约翰那么讨厌乘飞机,那我可以肯定他将不会愿意和我们一起去英国。根据前后句关系可知答案C

28.单选题

Hadspringeverbeengentle,soendearingbefore?Hadeverylittlescene,everyshopwindow,everyfacehepassedeverbeensowonderfullyinteresting?

问题1选项

A.attractive

B.favorable

C.inspiring

D.peaceful

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.attractive吸引人的,令人愉快的B.favorable给人好印象的(有好感)

C.inspiring鼓舞人心的,激励的,启发灵感的D.peaceful安静的,平静的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】endearing的意思为“惹人喜爱的,讨人喜欢的”,这里问春天是否曾经惹人喜爱,让人不自觉地被他吸引,attractive与之词义相近,因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】春天曾经如此惹人喜爱吗?他走过的每一处、每一个商店橱窗、每一张面孔,都曾经是那么奇妙而有趣吗?

29.单选题

Oneoftheimportantpropertiesofascientifictheoryisitsabilitiesto()furtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

问题1选项

A.stimulate

B.renovate

C.invent

D.advocate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stimulate“起刺激作用”;renovate“更新;修复”;invent“发明,创造”;advocate“提倡;拥护”。“科学理论的一个重要特征”与后面的“进一步研究”“更深层次的思考”的关系是前者“促进”后者的发生,因此选项A符合题意。

30.单选题

Iremindedhimthatwehadaskedforanordinaryroom,notaspecialroom,andwhenIinquiredwhatisunusualaboutourroom,heseemednottowanttoanswer.

问题1选项

A.hadaskedforanordinaryroom,not

B.inquiredwhat

C.unusualabout

D.seemednottowant

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】形容词误用。将unusual改为special。句意:我提醒他,我们要求入住的是普通间,而不是专用房,并且,当我询问我们的房间有什么特殊时,他似乎不想回答。unusual不寻常的;不平常的。special特别的;专门的。

31.单选题

Lastyear,thecrimerateinChicagosharply______.

问题1选项

A.declined

B.lessened

C.descended

D.slipped

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项declined“下降;衰退”,表示数量或能量的下降;B选项lessened“减少;减轻;变小”;C选项descended“下降;下去;下来;遗传;屈尊”,表示空间位置的从高到低;D选项slipped“滑动;滑倒;犯错;失足;减退”。句意:去年,芝加哥的犯罪率急剧下降。因此A选项正确。

32.单选题

Gratitudeisdefinedastheartofshowing()foreverykindness,greatandsmall.

问题1选项

A.motivation

B.appreciation

C.affection

D.opposition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项motivation的意思是“动机”;B选项appreciation的意思是“感激,欣赏”;C选项affection的意思是“喜爱,爱慕”;D选项opposition的意思是“反对,敌对”。题干的意思是“感恩就是一种对大大小小的善意表达()的艺术。”根据首单词Gratitude(感谢;感激)我们可知空格处应填与该单词联系度最高的单词,因此B选项正确。

33.单选题

Morethan100()catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.

问题1选项

A.loose

B.tamed

C.wild

D.stray

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。loose“宽松的”;tamed“驯服的,平淡的”;wild“野生的”;stray“迷路的,流浪的”。句意:100多只曾经在中国某个省份街上流浪的猫被收留并被组织去对付破坏庄稼的啮齿动物。

34.单选题

Whenhiscontractwas(

)unexpectedly,hedesperatelyneededanewjob.

问题1选项

A.accomplished

B.expired

C.fulfilled

D.terminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accomplish“完成,实现,达到”;expire“期满;终止”;fulfill“履行,实现,满足”;terminate“终止,结束”。句意:当他的合同被出乎意料地终止时,他极度需要一份新工作。选项D符合题意。

35.不定项选择题

“Nomanisanisland,”wrotethepoetJohnDonneseveralcenturiesago.Hewasacknowledgingoneofourmost(1)characteristics:thefactthatwearesocialanimalswhosebehaviorandpersonalitiesare(2)bythegroupstowhichwebelong.

Throughoutlife,mostofourdailyactivities(3)inthecompanyofothers.Whetherourpurposeisworking,playing,raisingafamily,learning,orsimplyrelaxing.Weusually(

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