考研考博-英语-商丘学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-商丘学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

问题1选项

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项occasionally“偶尔，间或”；B选项simultaneously“同时”；C选项eventually“最后，终于”；D选项promptly“迅速地，立即地”。句意：海伦打字时，习惯_____停下来梳理一下她那飘逸的长发。这里表示的是“偶尔停下来”，因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.

Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

In1950,theU.S.spent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”，sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Askaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.

1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof

（

）.

4.IncontrasttotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare

（

）.

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople

B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore

C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology

D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy

问题2选项

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

C.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

问题3选项

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.Slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

问题4选项

A.moreflexibly

B.moreextravagantly

C.morecautiously

D.morereasonably

问题5选项

A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.（据说在英国死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，在加利福尼亚死亡是可选择的）以及其后介绍的医疗技术的进步，使美国人在过去的一个世纪里，预期寿命几乎翻了一翻，因此C选项“美国人对他们的医疗技术过于自信”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Deathisnormal...Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.（死亡是正常的……我们要求一切可以为我们做的事情，即使它是无用的。最明显的例子是晚期癌症护理。医生们因无法治愈疾病而感到沮丧，并且担心病人失去希望，他们常常采用远远超出科学依据的极端治疗）可知A选项“医疗资源经常被浪费”符合题意。

3.观点态度题。根据题干关键词Lamm定位到文章第三段中，可知Lamm的观点是theoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”（年老体弱的人有义务死亡，以免挡住道路）。由第四段中的Iwouldnotgothatfar...Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.（我不会走这么远……作为一个只有68岁的人，我希望能像他们一样富有成效地衰老）和最后一段中的Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful...wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycures（我知道最昂贵和最戏剧性的措施可能是无效和痛苦的……我们可能为寻求不太可能治愈的方法提供了过多的资金）可推测作者基本同意Lamm的观点，但仍然有所保留，因此选B。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.（我还知道，日本和瑞典的人们在医疗上花费更少，他们的寿命比我们的更长，更健康）可知D选项“更合理”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出尽管有一个伟大的医疗卫生体系，但死亡不可避免；第二段提出死亡是正常的，但我们却想尽一切方法来延缓生命；第三段提出医疗资源不应该被浪费在一些没有挽救意义的人身上；第四段提出老年人的生活也可以是有价值的；第五段指出寿命的长短，依靠的不仅仅是医疗资源，应该合理使用。故本文旨在说明人们要勇于接受死亡，因此C选项“死亡应该被接受为生活中的事实”符合题意。

3.单选题

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

问题1选项

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

问题3选项

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

问题4选项

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

问题5选项

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？广告商和广告公司怎么能在经过数月的研究之后，还能生产出冒犯消费者的广告呢？”可推知一些广告仍然没有对消费者的感受表示出任何理解的迹象，故答案选D。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首当其冲地承受着这个行业明显的无能，无法将人们置于真实的当今环境中。”可推知作者认为当前的广告最普遍的错误就是没有把女性放在真实的处境中，呈现出不真实的女性形象，答案选A。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她说，困扰女性的并不是广告对家庭主妇角色的使用，而是在于处理它的方式。”由此可推断她建议广告应该改变方式，而不是内容，故答案选C。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知优秀的广告应该由广告商、广告机构和消费者共同完成，由此可推断广告业应该注重民意。答案选C。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消费者应该告诉广告商他们失败的地方；而改变的过程将会非常缓慢，直到作为接受方的消费者认真对待这件事，并让他们的感觉被广告商知道。”由此可知答案选B。

4.单选题

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

问题1选项

A.disposition

B.deliberation

C.deterioration

D.diversion

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。disposition“处置,性情”;deliberation“审议,考虑”;deterioration“恶化,退化”;diversion“消遣,转移注意力”。句意:医生非常担心病人手术后情况会恶化。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Idon'tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（

）tothattypeofwork.

问题1选项

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。compatible意为“兼容的，相容的”；convenient意为“方便的”；consistent意为“与……一致的，相符的”；competent意为“有能力的，能胜任的”。

句意：我认为Johnson在他的新工作上不会成功的，因为他不能胜任那种类型的工作。

6.单选题

TheRosettastonethwartedscholars’effortsforseveraldecadesuntiltheearlynineteenthcenturywhenseveralkeyhieroglyphicphrasesweredecodedusingtheGreekinscription.

问题1选项

A.stimulated

B.influenced

C.frustrated

D.encouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。题干thwarted“阻止；阻挠”。A项“激发；激励”，B项“影响”，C项“使沮丧；阻止；防止”，D项“支持；鼓励”。因此选C。句意：罗塞塔石碑阻碍了学者们数十年的努力，直到19世纪初，希腊文字才对几个关键的象形文字进行了解码。

7.不定项选择题

Mostofushaveseenadogstaringat,sometimessnarlingat,andapproachingareflectionofitself.Formostanimals,seeingtheirownimageinamirroractsasasocialstimulus.Butdoesthedogrecognizeitself,ordoesthereflectionsimplysignalapotentialcompanionorthreat?Thisquestionisofinterestforanumberofreasons.Apartfromcuriosityaboutthelevelofanimals’understanding,researchonself-recognitioninanimalhasseveralbenefits.Itprovidessomeinsightintotheevolutionarysignificanceofthisskillofself-recognitionandintothelevelandkindsofcognitivecompetencethattheskillrequires.Suchresearchalsoindicatesthekindsoflearningexperiencesthatdeterminethedevelopmentofself-recognition.Inaddition,workwithanimalsfosterstheuseoftechniquesthatarenotdependentonverbalresponsesandthatmaythereforebesuitableforusewithpreverbalchildren.

Theevidenceindicatesthatdogsandalmostallothernonhumansdonotrecognizethemselves.Inaseriesofcleverexperiments,however,Galluphasshownthatthechimpanzeedoeshavethiscapacity.Gallupexposedchimpanzeesinasmallcagetoafull-lengthmirrorfortenconsecutivedays.Itwasobservedthatoverthisperiodoftimethenumberofself-directedresponsesincreased.Thesebehaviorsincludedgroomingpartsofthebodywhilewatchingtheresults,guidingfingersinthemirror,andpickingatteethwiththeaidofthemirror.Describingonechimp,Gallupsaid,“Margeusedthemirrortoplaywithandinspectthebottomofherfeet;shealsolookedatherselfupsidedowninthemirrorwhilesuspendedbyherfeetfromthetopofthecage;shewasalsoobservedtostuffceleryleavesuphernoseusingthemirrorforpurposesofvisuallyguidingthestemsintoeachnostril.”

Thentheresearchersdevisedafurthertestofself-recognition.Thechimpswereanesthetizedandmarkswereplacedovertheireyebrowsandbehindtheirears,areasthechimpscouldnotdirectlyobserve.Themirrorwastemporarilyremovedfromthecage,andbaselinedataregardingtheirattemptstotouchtheseareaswererecorded.Thedataclearlysuggestthatchimpsdorecognizethemselves,orareself-aware,fortheirattemptstotouchthemarksincreasedwhentheyviewedthemselves.Citingfurtherevidenceforthisargument,Gallupnotedthatchimpanzeeswithnopriormirrorexperiencedidnotdirectbehaviortothemarkswhentheywerefirstexposedtothemirror;thatis,theotherchimpanzeesappearedtohaverememberedwhattheylookedlikeandtohaverespondedtothemarksbecausetheynoticedchangesintheirappearance.

1.Theideathispassagediscussesiswhether（）.

2.ThefirstsentenceofParagraph2(“Theevidenceindicates...”)maybeinterpretedtomeanthatnearlyallanimalshave（）.

3.Theword“prior”(inlastparagraph)canbestbereplacedby（）.

4.Thewritersofthispassageprobably（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.dogsrecognizethemselvesinminors

B.thegroomingpracticesofchimpscanbealtered

C.nonhumanshaveaself-concept

D.chimpschangetheirbehaviorwhenamirrorispresent

问题2选项

A.someself-concept

B.noself-concept

C.anawarenessoftheusesofmirrors

D.afearofmirrors

问题3选项

A.“important”

B.“rich”

C.“former”

D.“temporary”

问题4选项

A.preferdogstochimps

B.havedonemoreresearchwithchimpsthandogs

C.enjoyedtheexperienceinvolvedinworkingwithanimals

D.wanttoseemoreresearchinnonhumanself-awareness

问题5选项

A.comparedogbehaviortochimpbehavior

B.defendanidea

C.explorerecentresearchnononhumanself-awareness

D.evaluateahypothesis

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第五句“Apartfromcuriosityaboutthelevelofanimals’understanding,researchonself-recognitioninanimalhasseveralbenefits.除了对动物认知水平的好奇，对动物自我认知的研究还有很多好处。”是文章讨论的观点，可知C项“非人类有自我意识”与原文相符。A项“狗认出镜子中的自己”；B项“黑猩猩梳毛的习惯可以改变”；D项“黑猩猩在有镜子时会改变自己的行为”。因此C选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句“Theevidenceindicatesthatdogsandalmostallothernonhumansdonotrecognizethemselves.该证据表明，狗和几乎所有其他非人类动物都不认识自己。”可知B项“没有自我意识”与原文相符。A项“一些自我意识”；C项“对镜子使用的认识”；D项“害怕镜子”。因此B选项正确。

第3题:词汇题。单词prior的意思是“较早的；先前的”，因此C项“先前的”正确。A项“重要的”；B项“富有的；丰富的”；D项“暂时的”。因此C选项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thentheresearchersdevisedafurthertestofself-recognition.然后，研究人员设计了一个进一步的自我认知测试。”和全文围绕“动物是否有自我意识”来叙述可知作者“想看到更多关于非人类自我意识的研究”，D选项符合题意。A项“相比黑猩猩更喜欢狗”；B项“对黑猩猩的研究多于对狗的研究”；C项“喜欢与动物打交道的经历”。因此D选项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第三句“Butdoesthedogrecognizeitself,ordoesthereflectionsimplysignalapotentialcompanionorthreat?但是，狗能认出自己吗？还是说，反射只是一个潜在的同伴或威胁的信号？”和全文围绕“动物是否有自我意识”来叙述可知D项“评估一种假设”与原文相符。A项“比较狗和黑猩猩的行为”；B项“维护一个观点”；C项“探索有关非人类自我意识的最近研究”。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

"Museum"isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtothe

Muses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle’sLyceumhadamouseion,amusesshrineAlthoughtheCreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples-notablythatofHeraatOlympiabeforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllithadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywellknownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings"(mostlyGreek)forexhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant“Muses-shrine”.

Theinspirational-collectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries-whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrsprinces,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems-oftenantiqueengravedones-aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot"collected"either,but’’site-specific”，andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothoffabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem-andmostofthebuildingwerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporarysothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toimitation,andsocouldbe]consideredMuses-shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,TheBelvedereandtheCapitalinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly"inspirational"collections.Soontheymultiplied,and,gradually,exemplary"modem"workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancoiswasthemostfamousThen,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMmseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNaturhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving”collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword”inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（

）.

2.Paintingsandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere

（

）.

3.Modemmuseumscameintoexistenceinorderto

（

）.

4.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

问题2选项

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.boughtbychurches

C.donatedbypeople

D.madepartofthebuildings

问题3选项

A.protectroyalandchurchtreasures

B.improvecollations

C.stimulatepublicinterest

D.raisemorefunds

问题4选项

A.CollectionandCollectors

B.ModemMuseumsandTheirFunctions

C.TheEvolutionofMuseums

D.TheBirthofMuseums

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.句义推测题。根据文章大意可知文章主旨在于介绍museum一词随着时代的发展在词义方面的演变，所以题干中的“Museumisaslipperyword”意指museum一词的意思随着岁月的变迁发生了改变，B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第四段的第二句‘"theywerenot‘collected’either,but‘site-specific’，andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsand...”“他们不是从其他地方收集起来的而是地方性的并且和建筑物是一体的……”可以排除A选项“从其他地方收集的”并且确定D选项“作为建筑物的一部分”正确。B选项和C选项没有在文章中提到。

3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的第二句“Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceivedthefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.”“工业革命时代社会仇视皇室和教堂的纪念物，这促使古文物收藏家们将它们放到了可以起保护作用的收藏馆，其中最有名的收藏馆就是MuseedesMonumentsFrancais”确定A选项‘保护王室和教会的财富’正确。

4.标题归纳题。全文介绍了museum一词意义的变化过程，以及museum一词现代意义的由来。所以C选项正确。其它三项都只是介绍museum一词的意义变化时提到的例子，不能作为全文标题。

9.单选题

问题1选项

A.Hecrashedhistruck

B.Heinjuredhisspineinanearthquake

C.Hebrokehisarminacarcrash

D.Hesufferedanaccident

问题2选项

A.ltiseasytobeabsorbed

B.ltcangrowveryfast

C.lthasahighrateoffusion

D.ltcanformthenewbone

问题3选项

A.ltisanewlyinventedbiologicagent

B.ThebonecannotfusetogetherwithoutNanoFuse

C.TheboneandNanoFusecanfuseintonewbone

D.WiththehelpofNanoFuse,patientscanrecoververysoon

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】第1题:第一句即提到“seriouslyinjuredinatruckcrash”，说明他遭遇了交通事故。因此D选项正确。

第2题:文中说到：OnceNanofuseisused,newbonesoonstartstoform（一旦使用纳米融合，新骨很快就开始形成），说明它能使新骨头形成，因此C选项正确。

第3题:患者可以很快康复。文中说到：Nanofusehasahighrateoffusion,sopatientsareabletogrowtheirownbonesinashortperiodoftime（Nanofuse具有很高的融合率，因此患者能够在短时间内生长自己的骨头），说明这个技术可以使患者很快康复，因此D选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it（）intofragments.

问题1选项

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokethrough

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。句意：木头腐烂成那样了，我们拉它的时候，它就

片了。

brokeaway脱离，放弃，裂开；brokeoff折断，突然停止；brokeup分手，破碎；brokethrough突破。

后半句有一个“fragments（碎片）”,C项符合句意。虽然A项breakaway也可表示“弄碎”的意思，但后面一般不与“into（sth.）”连用。

11.单选题

Feelingmoreandmore______,Nikiembracedthevibrantandstrong-wingedbutterflyashersymbolofnew-foundindependence.

问题1选项

A.cynical

B.abridged

C.accessible

D.autonomous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项cynical“愤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”，B项abridged“删节的，削减的”，C项accessible“易接近的，可进入的”，D项autonomous“自治的，自主的”。由independence（独立）可知，对应D项符合。句意：感觉越来越自主，尼基接受了充满活力和有强壮翅膀的蝴蝶作为她新获得的独立的象征。因此，该题选择D项。

12.单选题

EachMondayinfour（）weeksiscalledfour（）Mondays.

问题1选项

A.successive,consecutive

B.continuous,consecutive

C.consecutive,successive

D.consecutive,continuous

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。successive，consecutive，continuous都有“连续的”的意思，successive侧重指一个接着一个连续发生；consecutive侧重指事情按照次序连续发生，强调连贯性；continuous强调一件事情在不断地进行着，没有间断。句意：连续四周的每个星期一被称为连续四个星期一。连续四周指的是按照次序连贯的四周，用consecutive表示，连续四个星期一指有先有后，依次发生的星期一，用successive表示。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Heis

theonlypersonwhocan（）in

thiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作证；charge起诉；accuse指控；rectify修正。句意：他是唯一能为此案作证的人,因为其他证人都被神秘地杀害了。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Becausethedemandofcoaldecreased,manyminersbecame（）.

问题1选项

A.indignant

B.extraneous

C.immaterial

D.redundant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indignant“愤愤不平的”；B选项extraneous“外来的；没有关联的”；C选项immaterial“非物质的；无形的；不重要的；非实质的”；D选项redundant“多余的，过剩的；被解雇的，失业的；冗长的”。句意：因为煤炭的需求下降，所以很多煤矿工人变得失业。结合句意，判断出选项D正确。

15.填空题

Ahealthydietwithpropernutritionisessentialformaintaininggoodoverallhealth.（1）itwasdiscoveredearlierinthiscentury,peoplehaveroutinely

（2）takingsupplementsforthispurpose.TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)isausednutritional

（3）

formaintainingoptimalhealth.TheRDAspecifiestherecommended

（4）ofanumberofnutrientsforpeople

（5）manydifferentageandsexgroups.TheNationalResearchCouncil’sCommitteeonDietandHealth（6）proposedadefinitionoftheRDAtobethatamountofanutrient

（7）meetstheneedsof98percentofthepopulation.TheRDAapproachhasanumberofshortcomings.First,itis

（8）

ontheassumptionthat

（9）ispossibletoaccuratelydefinenutritionalrequirementsforagivengroup.

（10），individualnutritional（11）canvarywidelywithineachgroup.Theefficiencywithwhichapersonconvertsfoodintake

（12）nutrientscanalsovarywidely.Certainfoodswheneatenincombinationactually

（13）theabsorptionofnutrients.Forexample,spinachcombinedwithmilkreducestheamountofcalciumavailabletothebody（14）

themilk.Also,theRDAapproachspecifiesadifferentdietaryrequirementforeachageand

（15）.

【答案】（1）since

（2）been

（3）guideline或reference

（4）intake

（5）of

（6）has

（7）which

（8）based

（9）it

（10）second

（11）needs

（12）into

（13）affect

（14）in

（15）sex

【解析】（1）语法题。空格所在句的主句部分是现在完成进行吋（表示从过去某个时间开始的某动作一直延续到现在），所以空格这是应填写一个连词since表示时间的开始，引导时间状语从句。

（2）语法题。根据上一题解析知道这里是完成进行时，taking用的是现在分词形式，根据固定搭配（主语）+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分）知这里填写been。

（3）句意分析题。根据该句句意“RecommendedDietaryAllowance（推荐膳食许可量）是保持最佳身体健康的”可知这里要填一个跟RDA对等的名词，guideline或reference都可以。

（4）句意分析题。根据该句句意“针对不同年龄及性别的人们，RDA（推荐膳食许可量）列举了一些营养物的推荐摄入量。”‘摄入量’填写intake。

（5）介词用法。根据第4题的句意分析知这里句意是“针对不同年龄及性别的人们”，应该填介词of来构成介词短语作定语修饰前面的people。

（6）时态用法题。由上文可知本句也是现在完成时态，所以这里填写has。

（7）语法题。根据句意和空格后动词确定这是一个从句，这里应填一个关系代词（指代前面的“amount”）来构成一个后置定语从句修饰amount，修饰物可以填which或者that，但是前面的amount前有形容词that，所以这里填写which较为合适。

（8）固定搭配。bebasedon为固定用法，‘建立在…基础上’。

（9）固定句式：it+be动词+形容词+that从句。it作形式主语。

（10）推断题。由前一句中的“first（首先）”及前后句的句意，推断这里应该填跟其词性一样的词（其次），所以填写“second”。

（11）推断题。根据前一句句意‘首先，它是基于这样一种假设，即有可能准确定义特定人群的营养需求。’推断这里应该是“个人的营养需求”，所以可以填写needs或者requirements，但是上一句已经出现过requirements，为避免重复，填写needs。

（12）固定短语。该句句意是‘一个人转换食物摄取营养素的效率也会有很大差异。’‘营养转化’用固定短语convert…into…，所以填介词into。

（13）句意分析。由后一句的例子可知此处表达“食物混合在一起，可能影响营养成分的吸收。”主语foods是复数形式，动词affect‘影响’用原形。

（14）句子结构分析。这里的theamountofcalcium应该是milk中的，故填写介词in‘在...之内’。

（15）对应前文。对应前面第五题空格后的“differentageandsexgroups”，故这里填写sex。

16.填空题

reconstitute

capable

power

literal

communicate

Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(visio:sight)roots,can（1）beint