考研考博-英语-四川建筑职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川建筑职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.不定项选择题

VisitingaNationalParkcanberelaxing,inspiringandrejuvenating,butitcanalsobedisturbing.AsyoudriveintoRockyMountainNationalPark,andyouwillseestarvingel,damagedmeadowsanddyingforests.OurparksaregrowingoldbecausewehavemistakenlyprotectedthemfromnationalParks,theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand“death”byoldage.Wemustactsoon:ourparksaredyingofoldagebecausewehavealteredtheforcesinnaturethatkeepthemyoungandstrong.

BytracingthehistoryofourNationalParks,wecanunderstandtheproblemandseewhyweneedactivemanagement.Intheearlypartofthe20thcentury,settlersexploitedwildlifeheavily,resultinginnear-extinctionofmanyspecies.Therefore,severalNationalParkswereestablishedbyCongressprimarilytosaveendangeredanimals.However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.Complicatingtheproblem,the

NationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.Subsequently,elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature,withoutnaturalthinningprocesses.Parkmanagersthoughtthattheywereprotectingtheland,butactuallytheywereremovingimportantcontrolsfromtheforestecosystem.

Clearly,wemustimmediatelyifwewanttopassdowntoourchildrenandgrandchildrenthegreenlegacyofourNationalParks;wemuststepinandrestorethenaturalprocesseswhichwehavealteredthroughourwell-intentioned,butmisguided,policiesinthepast.

1.Accordingtothearticle,strictwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniques（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,therewouldnotbestarvingelks,damagedmeadowsordyingforestsinNationalParksif（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationexplosionofelkanddeerwascausedalsoby（）.

4.Fromthearticle,wecandeducethattheauthor（）.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

问题1选项

A.causedthenearextinctionoftheendangeredanimals.

B.intervenedthenaturalprocess.

C.madethevisitofNationalParksrelaxing,andinspiringandrejuvenating.

D.savedtheelksintheRockyMountainParkfromstarvation.

问题2选项

A.thegovernmentintroducedstricterwildlifelaws.

B.theNationalParkServiceemployedmorewildlifemanagementtechnique.

C.thenaturalprocesseswererestored.

D.ifwecontinuedtoimproveournaturalenvironment.

问题3选项

A.theadoptionofapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination.

B.theincreasednumberofNationalParks.

C.thedeceasingnumberofvisitorstoNationalParks.

D.theheavyexploitationofendangeredanimalsinthe20century.

问题4选项

A.isinsupportoftheresentpolicies.

B.appreciatesthepresentmanagementtechniques.

C.thinksthattheforcesinnatureshouldbealtered.

D.isstronglyinfavorofthenaturalprocesses.

问题5选项

A.Parkmanagersinterruptedtheforestecosystemsthroughoutthe20thcentury.

B.Flesh-eatinganimalsshouldnotbeeliminated.

C.Insectsuppressionmaycausetheforeststoover-mature.

D.Severedamagetonativevegetationintheforestiscausedbyfire.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据文章，严格的野生动物保护法和改善后的野生动物管理技术……选项A“造成了濒危动物的濒临灭绝”；选项B“干预了自然过程”；选项C“使参观国家公园变得轻松愉快充满活力”；选项D“拯救了洛基山国家公园中快要饿死的麋鹿”，根据文章第二段中“However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.然而，严格化的野生动物保护法和改良的野生动物管理技术导致大量的动物拥挤在动物密度非常大的地区，比如黄石公园的麋鹿”，根据此句可知其所带来的影响是负面的，故可以排除选项C、D；选项A所表达的意思与此句相反，故错误；所以正确答案为选项B。

第2题:细节事实题。根据作者的观点，国家公园将不会再有快要饿死的麋鹿、被破坏的草地和奄奄一息的森林……选项A“政府采用更加严格的野生动物法”；选项B“国家公园管理局采用更多野生动物管理技术”；选项C“重新恢复自然进程”；选项D“我们继续改善我们的自然环境”。根据文章第一段中“theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand‘death’byoldage.”国家公园管理局必须改变他们的管理优先级来阻止动物数量的增加和恢复自然进程，不让公园停滞不前或者随着时间死去，可知“阻止动物数量的增加”和“恢复自然进程”是两个有效的解决办法，故正确答案为选项C。

第3题:推理判断题。根据这篇文章，麋鹿和鹿的数量的激增也是由于什么造成的，选项A“采取了消除食肉动物的政策”；选项B“国家公园数量的增加”；选项C“国家公园游客的减少”；选项D“20世纪对濒危动物的过度开发”，根据第二段中“theNationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.”国家公园管理局在20世纪早期采取了消除食肉动物的政策，因此失去了对野生动物数量的控制，由此可知采取了消除食肉动物的政策也是麋鹿和鹿的数量激增的一个原因，故正确答案为选项A。

第4题:观点态度题。根据这篇文章，我们可以推断出作者……选项A“支持现有的政策”；选项B“欣赏现有的管理技术”；选项C“认为应该改变自然的力量”；选项D“强烈支持自然进程”，作者在这篇文章中表示了对国家公园管理局采取的对国家公园的管理措施的批判，认为其干预了自然的进程，于是破坏了生态的平衡，所以作者是支持自然进程的，故正确答案为选项D。

第5题:细节事实题。根据这篇文章，以下哪个陈述是不正确的？选项A“20世纪，公园管理者干扰了森林的生态系统”；选项B“食肉动物不应该被消除”；选项C“防虫会造成森林的过熟”；选项D“森林中当地蔬菜的严重的损害是由火灾造成的”，选项A、B符合文章的中心思想，排除；根据文章第二段中“VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature…整个20世纪国家公园中严重的森林火灾和防虫造成了森林的过熟，改变了自然环境”，可知火灾和防虫造成了森林的过熟，所以选项C正确，排除；根据“elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.许多国家公园中麋鹿数量的急剧增加造成了当地蔬菜的严重破坏”，可知造成蔬菜破坏的是麋鹿数量的增加，故选项D表达错误，故正确答案为选项D。

2.单选题

Itwasreportedthattheproject（

）bytheendofthismonth.

问题1选项

A.willbecompleted

B.wouldhavebeencompleted

C.wouldhavecompleted

D.willhavebeencompleted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：据报道，该项目将于本月底完成。根据was和by+时间可知，这里应该用would+过去完成时，首先排除选项A和D；项目是被完成，所以选项B正确。

3.单选题

AbudgetapprovedbytheEuropeanParliamentfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunitywasdeclaredadoptedTuesdaydespiteoppositionbyministers.ThepresidentoftheParliament,SimoneVeil,signedthe$24.2billion1982budget,（1）theEECintoitsthird

（2）budgetconflict.

Minutesafterreceivinga

（3）fromministersto

（4）thesigningtogivetimetoworkouta

（5），VeiltoldBritain'sFinancialSecretarytotheTreasury,NicholasRidley,shehadadoptedthebudget.

Ridleytoldreporters

（6）speakingtoVeilbytelephone,"Shehasadoptedit,andsheisabsolutely

（7）thattheministersshouldwritetoherinthiswaywithout（8）consultation”.

EECsources

（9）mostmemberstateswouldprobably

（10）tomakefullpaymentstothebudgetasadopted,andtheconflictwaslikelyto

（11）wellintonextyear.

Theministers'lettertoVeil,

（12）afterameetinginBrusselsTuesday,（13）ofseriousconsequences

（14）thebudgetwereadopted.

“Thecouncilofministersappealstoyoutoputofftileadoptionofthe1982budget

（15）aconsensuscanbefound..."itsaid.

Theadoption

（16）sixmonthsoftortuousnegotiationsbetweenthe434-memberAssemblyandEECbudgetministersover1982

（17）.

（18）wasblockedinthe

（19）byparliament’sadditionearlierthismonthofsome$250millionmuchofitforjobsprograms.

Thenumberofpeopleoutof

（20）intheEECinNovemberreachedarecordofalmost10millionorninepercentoftheworkingpopulation,accordingtotheEECstatisticsoffice.

问题1选项

A.undergoing

B.confronting

C.plunging

D.converting

问题2选项

A.consecutive

B.consequent

C.sequential

D.preceding

问题3选项

A.bulk

B.plea

C.honor

D.grant

问题4选项

A.delay

B.detain

C.prolong

D.extend

问题5选项

A.cooperation

B.combination

C.compromise

D.coincidence

问题6选项

A.since

B.before

C.after

D.as

问题7选项

A.furious

B.cautious

C.apprehensive

D.nervous

问题8选项

A.urgent

B.crucial

C.prior

D.durable

问题9选项

A.said

B.questioned

C.told

D.addressed

问题10选项

A.contradict

B.deny

C.refuse

D.concede

问题11选项

A.stretch

B.last

C.gear

D.proceed

问题12选项

A.outlined

B.drafted

C.polished

D.compiled

问题13选项

A.warned

B.disposed

C.dreamt

D.conceived

问题14选项

A.evenif

B.if

C.sothat

D.for

问题15选项

A.until

B.while

C.although

D.since

问题16选项

A.characterized

B.followed

C.stimulated

D.brought

问题17选项

A.spending

B.provisions

C.survey

D.slogan

问题18选项

A.clash

B.agreement

C.option

D.abundance

问题19选项

A.end

B.dawn

C.event

D.dark

问题20选项

A.reach

B.shape

C.pulse

D.work

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:B

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:A

第20题:D

【解析】（1）考察固定搭配。plungeinto/in使穷苦陷入（或遭受）。选项C符合题意。

（2）考察形容词词义辨析。consecutive“连贯的，连续不断的”；consequent“随之发生的，作为结果的”；sequential“连续的”；preceding“在前的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：使EEC陷入了他们（连续的）第三次预算的冲突、矛盾中。选项A符合题意。

（3）考察名词词义辨析。bulk“体积”；plea“呼吁；恳求”；honor“荣誉”；grant“拨款，授予”。上文提到minister是反对这个方案的，所以此处，他是呼吁推迟这个方案的施行。选项B符合题意。

（4）考察动词词义辨析。delay“推迟”；detain“拘留，留住”；prolong“延长”；extend“延伸”。根据第53题的大意，可知选项A符合题意。

（5）考察名词词义辨析。cooperation“合作”；combination“结合”；compromise“妥协”；coincidence“巧合”。空格处所在句子的大意是部长呼吁推迟通过这个方案的时间来找到折中的方法。选项C符合题意。

（6）考察连词的用法。根据前文可知Ridley是在与Veil打完电话之后才对记者发表讲话的，所以选项C符合题意。

（7）考察形容词词义辨析。furious“愤怒的”；cautious“小心的”；apprehensive“忧虑的，知晓的”；nervous“紧张的”。空格处所在句子的大意是：她感到很愤怒，觉得部长们应该直接写信给她，而不需要通过先前的会议来与她讨论预算拨款的事。选项A符合题意。

（8）考察形容词词义辨析。urgent“紧急的”；crucial“重要的”；prior“优先的，在先的”；durable“耐用的”。参考第57题句意可知选项C符合题意。

（9）考察动词词义辨析。said“宣布，表达”；questioned“质疑”；told“告诉”；addressed“向……讲话”。空格处所在句子的句意是：EEC的资料显示，多数部长将有可能拒绝。选项A符合题意。

（10）考察动词词义辨析。contradict“矛盾”；deny“否定”；refuse“拒绝”；concede“让步”。空格处所在句子的大意是大多数部长会拒绝全额支付这个预算方案。选项C符合题意。

（11）考察动词词义辨析。stretch“延伸”；last“持续”；gear“适合”；proceed“进行”。空格处所在句子的大意是：这个争论可能会持续的第二年。选项B符合题意。

（12）考察动词词义辨析。Outline“概述”；draft“起草”；polish“磨光”；compile“编制”。空格处所在句子的大意是：在星期二的Brussels会议后，部长起草了一封信给Veil。选项B符合题意。

（13）考察动词词组辨析。Warnof“警告”；disposeof“处理，处置”；dreamof“梦想”；conceiveof“设想，构想”。空格处所在句子的大意是：告诫如果接受了预算拨款将出现严重的后果。选项A符合题意。

（14）考察引导词的用法。根据上下文，该句是if引导的条件句，谓语动词用虚拟语气，所以后面的be动词用的是were。选项B符合题意。

（15）考察连词的用法。空格处所在句子的大意是：部长想让Veil等到部长们的意见一致了才采用预算拨款。选项A“直到……才”符合题意。

（16）考察动词词义辨析。characterize“以……为特征”；follow“跟随”；stimulate“刺激”；bring“带来，引来”。空格处所在句子的大意是：预算拨款的采用随着434名Assembly和EEC的预算部长，经历了六个月的曲折谈判。选项B符合题意。

（17）考察动词词义辨析。spend“花费”；provision“供给……食品”；survey“调查”；slogan“标语”。spending与前文的payment构成呼应，符合题意。

（18）考察名词词义辨析。clash“冲突”；agreement“协议”；option“选择权”；abundance“充裕”。与前文提到的consensus一致，空格处所在句子大意是：协议最终被议会阻止了。选项B符合题意。

（19）考察固定搭配。intheend“最后”。选项A符合题意。

（20）考察固定搭配。outofwork“失业”。work与上文的job相照应，符合题意。

4.单选题

PerhapsnosinglemonumentintheUSAisasfamousaretheStateofLiberty.StandingonasmallislandinNewYorkHarbor,thecrownedlady,holdingaloftinherrighthandthetorchoffreedomandinherlefthandatabletwhichisinscribed“July4th,1776”，isasymbolofAmericandemocracy.Sheiscolossal.Sheis151ft.highandthepedestalonwhichshestandsisalmostasmuch.Anelevatortakesvisitorstothetopofthepedestal,aroundwhichabalconyruns.

ASpiralstaircasegoesuptothecrown,andanothertothetorch.TheStateofLibertywasagifttotheUSAfromFrancein1886,asamarkoffriendshipandalsoinmemoryoftheaidFrancegavetheAmericansduringtheAmericanRevolution.

Formillionsofimmigrants,theStatuewastheirfirstsightofthepromisedland,andforafewitwasalsothelast,astheysailedbackhomeagain.AboutamilefromLibertyIsland,thereisanothersmallisland,calledEllisIsland,whichwaslookeduponwithdreadbytheimmigrants.Foritwasherethattheyhadtowaittheirturntobeexaminedbydoctorsandofficials.MostoftheimmigrantscouldnotspeakawordofEnglish.Butonlytwooutof100immigrantswererefusedadmissiontoNewYorkCity.Oftenthepersonrefusedturnedouttobeagrand-motheroraweary,frightenedgirlmistakenlylabeled“feeble-minded.”Sometimeshusbandsandwiveswerepartedbecauseoneofthemhappenedtohaveabadcoughandwassuspectedofhavingtuberculosis.

NewYorkCitywasabitterdisillusionmenttosomeimmigrants.Forfrombeingacitypavedwithgold,itwasacityteemingwithovercrowded,unhealthyandunsafeghettos.Theimmigrantslookedforearlierimmigrantsoftheirownnationalityorreligion.SoItalian,Polish,Irish,Jewishneighborhoodsgrewup.BecausetheycouldnotspeakEnglish,thenewcomersfounditdifficulttogetworkatonce,andtheirlivingquarterswereoftenslums.

However,theyfoundintheUSAopportunitiesofbetteringthemselves.TodayimmigrantsnolongerhavetoenduretheindignitiesofEllsIsland.Thegrimbuildingswerecloseddownin1924.In1976,EllisIslandbecameanhistoricmonument.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Theword“colossal”inparagraph1means（

）.

3.ImmigrantslookeduponEllisIslandwithdreadbecause（

）.

4.Paragraph3impliesthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementisnottrue?

问题1选项

A.GatewaytotheUSA

B.StateofLiberty

C.EllisIsland

D.ImmigrantsoftheUSA

问题2选项

A.miniature

B.colorful

C.enormous

D.beautiful

问题3选项

A.theycouldnotspeakaword

B.theymightberefusedadmissiontotheUSA

C.husbandsandwivesmightberecognized

D.theyweresuspected

问题4选项

A.NewYorkCitywaspavedwithgold

B.immigrantsofthesamenationalityandreligionlivedinthesamebuilding

C.immigrantslivedeverywhere

D.someimmigrantsweredisappointedatNewYorkCity

问题5选项

A.TheStatueofLibertywasagiftfromFrance.

B.FrancegavetheUSAtheStatetocommemoratetheaidtheyreceivedfromtheUS.

C.TheStatueofLibertyisthemostfamousmonumentintheUSA

D.TheStatueofLibertyisthesymbolofAmericandemocracy.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章开头主要提到了美国的自由女神像：它的外观、高度、结构、来源以及意义等。接着提到了外来移民在美国的现实生存状况以及后续发生的变化。选项B、C、D都只涉及到了其中一个点，不全面。而选项A“通往美国的门户”既指代了美国自由女神像，也可以用来指代外来移民进入美国的情形，符合题意。

2.根据后面的句子Sheis151ft.high“她高151英尺”可推测colossal是巨大的意思，选项C符合题意。

3.文章第三段Foritwasherethattheyhadtowaittheirturntobe

examinedbydoctorsandofficials提到因为在这里他们（外来移民）不得不等待医生和官员的检查。因为如果检查不通过的话，他们会被拒绝入美国境内，所以他们很担心。选项B“他们可能会被拒绝进入美国”符合题意。

4.文章第四段第一句NewYorkCitywasabitterdisillusionmenttosomeimmigrants提到纽约市对一些移民来说是一种痛苦的幻灭，可以推出选项D“一些移民对美国感到失望”符合题意。

5.文章第二段asamarkoffriendshipandalsoinmemoryoftheaidFrancegavetheAmericansduringtheAmericanRevolution提到是为了纪念在美国革命期间法国给予美国人的援助，选项B“为了纪念从美国那里获得的援助”说法是错误的，符合题意。

5.单选题

Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer"inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Wherecircumstancespermitthebuyernochoicebecausethereiseffectivelyonlyonesellerandtheproductisrelativelyessential,governmentusuallyassertsmonopolyandplacestheindustryunderpriceandotherregulations.Neitheroftheseconditionsprevailsinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician一andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday,”whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhentheailmentisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor’sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyesofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer”.Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter'*inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants—thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebonafidebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital;andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisfortheseillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicisrelativelyineffective.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto（）.

5.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

B.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

C.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcare

D.speculateabouttherelationshipbetweenapatient'sabilitytopayandthetreatmentreceived

问题2选项

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofapatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient’shealth

D.hospitaladministratorslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions

问题3选项

A.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

B.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

C.takingadvantageofthepatient'sconcernforhishealth

D.warningthepatientthat.ahospitalstaymightbenecessary

问题4选项

A.aproposaltocontrolmedicalcosts

B.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment

C.ananalysisofthecausesofinflationintheUnitedStates

D.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice

问题5选项

A.cautious

B.defiant

C.inquisitive

D.analytical

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.A项意为“为了敦促医院收回他们的决策权力”；B项意为“批判医生太多控制病人”；C项意为“为了分析在健康医疗中的一些重要的经济因素”；D项意为“猜测病人支付的能力和接受的治疗之间的关系”。文章从第一段开始引入经济关系中的“提供者”与“消费者”之间的关系，然后引出医疗健康中的医患关系，到后面讲述医生在医院的经济中拥有绝对的‘权利’；所以文章是分析了economicrelationship即医患关系中的经济因素，选项C符合题意。

2.由第二段中itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesdav，’’whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.通常是由医生来决定病人什么时候来复诊、是否需要照X光以及需要哪种药，而病人是无法也不会去质疑医生的决定的；再由第三段最后Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.因此，在医院的政策和决策中，医务人员代表的是“权力中心”，而不是行政部门。确定A选项正确。

3.A选项意为：建议病人寻找第二意见；B选项意为：指导病人买更多的医疗服务；C选项意为：利用病人对自己健康的关心；D选项意为：警告病人住院时很有必要的。文章从一开始在分析医患关系，提到医生和病人之间的关系就是经济中的生产者与消费者之间的关系的一个缩影，医生在医患关系中占主导地位，而医生对于医院的经济起到重要的作用，因此作者更倾向医生这么做是为了让病人花费更多的钱来达到自己的经济利益，故应选B项更符合作者的看法；此处C项是一个干扰项，不可否认医生也是为了病人的健康考虑所以会安排复诊，但是作者在本文中更多的是揭露医患之间的经济关系，故应选B。

4.题目的意思是：根据作者的说法，当医生告诉病人“下周三再来”时，医生实际是说……A项意为“控制医疗成本的一项提议”；B项意为“对一种新的医学治疗的一次讨论”C项意为“对美国通货膨胀原因的分析”；D项意为“针对医生的玩忽职守诉讼的研究”。文章主要是以医患关系中医生作为主导这一论点开展的，在文章的最后也提到Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicisrelativelyineffective.70-80%的医疗开支都是由医务人员决定的，而不是病人。正因为这个原因，针对病人或者大众的经济措施是相对无效的。所以A选项“控制医疗成本的一项提议”正确。

5.A选项“谨慎的”；B选项“蔑视的"；C选项“好奇的”；D选项“分析的”。作者一开始阐述了经济关系中的两大主体生产者和消费者，然后进一步提到了医患关系是这一经济关系的缩影，从而揭露出医生在医疗经济中占有绝对的主导地位，最后再给予建议，因此这篇文章主要是针对社会现象的本质的分析性文章，D选项正确。

6.单选题

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.

Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat（

）.

2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly

（

）.

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

问题1选项

A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment

B.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills

C.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers

D.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped

问题2选项

A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

B.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers

C.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted

D.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers

问题3选项

A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

B.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity

C.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkers

D.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations

问题4选项

A.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation

B.Laborandtheeffectsofautomation

C.Unemploymentbenefitsplansandautomation.

D.Socialbenefitsofautomation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘尽管工人们担心自动化的影响，但他们从不怀疑……？’根据第二段中“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.劳工基本上的观点是抵抗技术变革是徒然的”确定D选项“自动化是一种不能被阻止的趋势”正确。

2.推理判断题。题目提问‘“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示……？’根据第三段中“Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.另一种方法是“改善因素”的想法，它要求在提高生产力的基础上增加工资。”确定B选项“工人应该共享生产增加和成本降低的福利”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘为了获得自动化的全部好处，劳动力将主要依靠……？’根据最后一段中“Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.然而，劳动力有可能主要依靠减少工作时间来充分分享自动化的成果。”确定A选项“更短的工作时间和更多的休闲吋间”正确。

4.主旨大意题。全文主要是讲“自动化的发展对劳工在工作与就业等方而带来的影响”，所以B选项“劳工与自动化的影响”正确。文章并没有对自动化的劣势展开讨论，所以A选项“自动化的优势与劣势”错误，C选项“失业福利计划和自动化”和D选项“自动化的社会效益”只是文中提及的一部分内容，排除。

7.不定项选择题

Astrophysicistsstudyingthestructureoftheuniversehavefoundnewevidenceforsomethingtheywerebeginningtosuspectwithincreasingconvictioninrecentyears—theexistenceofamysterious,repulsiveforcethatappearstobeacceleratingtheexpansionoftheuniverse.Astronomershavegiventhishypotheticalnewforceanintriguingname.Theyhavelabeleditthe“darkforce”,inalllikelihoodbecauseithasremainedhiddenfromobservationuntilnow.Forthatmatter,itstillremainshiddentodirectdetection.

Thattheuniversewasexpandinghasbeenknownformanydecades.But,withonenotableandfamouslyreluctantexception,itoccurredtonooneuntilmuchmorerecentlythattheexpansionmight,insteadofbeingslowedbythemutualgravitationalattractionofallthemattertheuniversecontains,actuallybeaccelerating.ThisunexpectedrevelationwasmadepossibleinpartbythereleaseofadetailedmapofthecosmologicalmicrowavebackgroundmadebyasatellitecalledtheWilkinsonMicrowaveAnisotropyProbe.Researcherscomparedthatdatawiththepositionofmillionsofgalaxiesalreadychartedbyanotherproject—theongoingSloanDigitalSkySurvey,anambitiouslong-termefforttomapeverydetectableobjectinaverylargesectionofthesky.

Bycombiningandanalyzingthesetwoastronomicaldatabases,itwaspossibletodetectsomethingforwhichitisdifficulttodevise,anappropriatelydescriptiveanalogy,butwhichisbeingreferredtoasakingofshadowthrownbythedarkenergyagainstthebackdropofthecosmicmicrowaveradiation—theremnantsoftheenergyleftbytheBigBangthatsillpermeatetheuniverse.Evencallingitashadowisawoefullyinappropriateandactuallyquitemisleadingdescriptionbecausewhatastronomersaredetectingisinfactmoreluminousthanitssurroundings.

Theavailabilityofthetwodatabasesallowedcomparisonoftheenergyofphotonsthatpassedthroughregionsofspacethatwerecrowdedwithgalaxieswith,thatofphotonsthatencounteredmostlyemptyspaceontheir-journeytowardearth.Hencethisnewevidenceisderivedfromthephysicalprocessesthatactonlightparticles—photons—astheytravelthroughgalaxies.Contrarytowhatwouldbeexp