牛津译林版高中英语模块2：Unit1-Grammar-and-usage课件

Unit1Unit1Presentperfecttense&PresentprefectcontinuoustenseGrammarandusuagePresentperfecttense&GrammarLead-inLookatthefollowingsentencesandtrytoexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.Lead-inLookatthefollowings1.WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.2.Theyhavelivedtheresince1990.3.Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.4.Erichasjustcomeback.5.Howlonghaveyoubeen

here?1.WehavestudiedEnglishfor1.Theformofthepresentperfecttense:Weformthepresentperfecttensewithhave/hasandthepast

participleoftheverb.have(has)+过去分词1.TheformofthepresentWeJustinhasdisappeared,soKellyisverysad.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast,butareconnectedtothepresent.Note:2.Theusesofthepresentperfecttense:Justinhasdisappeared,soKelIhavenotseenJustinsincelastFridaynight.Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepastandisstillhappeningnow.Note:IhavenotseenJustinsincelIhaven’tseenyourforages.Hehas

just

goneout.Ithasbeenverycoldlately.Shehasalreadyfinishedherhomework.Hehasn’tseenhersincethemeeting.

Note:

Weusethepresentperfecttense

whentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant.Ihaven’tseenyourforages.NWeuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas:alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyet

Weuse

alreadyforaffirmativestatements,

yetfornegativestatements.Weusefor+aperiodoftime,since+apointintime.

WeuseitwithtimeexpressionNote:Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.

Hehasjustgoneout.(=Hewentoutafewminutesago.)Ihavejustheardthenews.(=NowIknowthenews.)Note:WeusethepresentperfeNote:Wecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,thatis,weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce/twice/threetimes…TheysaythattheyhavebeentoAmericamanytimes.Note:WecanalsousethepresLookatthesentencesandfindthedifference:Tomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning.Nowitisstillinthemorning.LookatthesentencesandfindTomrangupthreetimesthismorning.Nowitisnotstillinthemorning.TomrangupthreetimesthismActionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedby

todayorthismorning/afternoon/evening/week/month/year/centuryorallday/night/week,allthetime,alwaysetc.Note:ActionsoccurringinanincompPointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthesentencesandthereasonswhytheyareused.1.WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegan

tostudyitfiveyearsago.2.Theymoved

tothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.Pointoutwhattenseortenses3.Ericlefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback.4.Theybought

thishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen.5.Mybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek.Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth.3.Ericlefthomelastyearan1‘_____you_____mypen?’‘Yes,I____itonyourdeskjustnow.’(see)2‘_____you____dinner?’‘Yes,I____itwithMary.’(have)3_____thepostman_____yetthismorning?____thepostman_____thismorning?(come)HaveHavehadDidHaveCompletethesentences.seencomecomehadsaw1‘_____you_____mypen?’‘YThepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod,butwiththepastsimpletense,weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast.Note:Thepresentperfecttenseisne.g.Billhassmokedsinceheleftschool.Hestillsmokes.e.g.BillhassmokedsincehelBillsmokedforsixmonths.Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen.Billsmokedforsixmonths.ItSometimes,however,Thepresentperfecttenseusedfortheactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking.e.g.Ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit’sjustbeginningtogetwarmer.

Onmeetingsomeone,youmaysay:Ihaven’tseenyouforages.(ButIseeyounow.)

NoteSometimes,however,ThepresenNoteThepresentperfecttenseused

forapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent.e.g.Tomhashadabadcarcrash.He’sprobablystillinhospitalnow.NoteThepresentperfecttenseTomhadabadcarcrash.Heisprobablyoutofhospitalnow.Tomhadabadcarcrash.HeisLookatthesentences:Sorry.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour.Lookatthesentences:Sorry.HPastOnehouragoPresentwaitingarrivePastOnehouragoPresentwaiting1.TheformofthePresentperfectcontinuoustense：Weformthepresentperfectcontinuoustensewithhave/hasbeenandthepresentparticiple

oftheverb.have(has)+been+doing1.TheformofthePresentper2.Theusesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense:WesometimesusethePresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing,orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway.2.TheusesofthepresentperPresentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuoustense?Sheisstillreadingthebook.LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.PresentperfectorpresentperLiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.Shefinishedreadingthebook.Sheknowsthecontentofthebooknow.LiJiahasreadabookaboutSNote:Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactioncompletedintherecentpast,andthepresentprefectcontinuoustenseforanactionthatstartedinthepastandisstillhappening.Note:IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.IhavevisitedEgypttwicethiNote:Thepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan’tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes,becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous,notstoppedandstartedagain.Wecanusethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensefornon-stopactions.Note:ThepresentperfectcontHowmanytimes

haveyouswuminthelake?Howlong

haveyoubeenswimminginthelake?HowmanytimeshaveyouswumiNote:Weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmany/much,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong.Note:WeusuallyusethepreseAstateverboranactionverb?1.Ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears.

2.IhavetakenphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.3.IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.stateverbactionverbstateverbAstateverboranactionverbAnactionmeanssomethinghappeningorchanging.Astatemeanssomethingstayingthesame.Someexamplesofactionverbsaredo,go,andplay.Someexamplesofstateverbsarelike,knowandexist.AnactionmeanssomethinghappNote:Wecanuseeitherastateverboranactionwiththepresentperfecttense,butweusuallycanonlyuseanactionverbwiththepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Astateverbdoesn’tmeananaction,soitcan’tbeusedinacontinuoustense.Note:Wecanuseeitherastate.g.They’vealwayshadabiggarden.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?He’s

beeninhospitalsincehisaccident.e.g.I’vealreadybeentoParis.I’venevervisitedParis.I’vealreadybeentoParis.I’vNote:Weusethepresentperfecttense,notthepresentperfectcontinuoustense,withthewordslikealways,never,yet,alreadyandever.Note:HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?HowlonghaveyoubeenlearninIthasbeenrainingforalongtime.Ithasrainedforalongtime.IthasbeenrainingforalongNote:Anactionwhichbeganinthepastandisstillcontinuing

orhasonlyjustfinishedcan,withcertainverbs,beexpressedbyeither

thepresentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuous.Verbswhichcanbeusedinthiswayincludeexpect,hope,learn,lie,live,sleep,sit,study,wait,want,snow,etc.

Note:AnactionwhichbeganinPractice

Makeupdialogueswiththepresentperfecttenseandthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.PracticeMakeupdialogueswit高考链接—I’msorry,butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwanttoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry,I_________myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.(2010北京)A.hadn’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.don’tmakeD.haven’tmade高考链接—I’msorry,butIdon’tq2.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey______beforeleavingtheirhometowns.(2010福建)A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised2.Everyyearafloodoffarme3.Motherwantedtobeagoodprovider,aroleshe________sincehermarriagetoFather.(2010江西)A.shouldersB.shoulderedC.isshoulderingD.hasbeenshouldering3.Motherwantedtobeagood4.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagesinceit________onthemarketin1973.(2010重庆)A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes4.Thebookhasbeentranslate5.I’mtiredout.I_______allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010湖南)A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping5.I’mtiredout.I_______alHomework

ReviewTaskpart.HomeworkReviewTaskpart.Thankyouforlistening！Thankyouforlistening！Unit1Unit1Presentperfecttense&PresentprefectcontinuoustenseGrammarandusuagePresentperfecttense&GrammarLead-inLookatthefollowingsentencesandtrytoexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.Lead-inLookatthefollowings1.WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.2.Theyhavelivedtheresince1990.3.Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.4.Erichasjustcomeback.5.Howlonghaveyoubeen

here?1.WehavestudiedEnglishfor1.Theformofthepresentperfecttense:Weformthepresentperfecttensewithhave/hasandthepast

participleoftheverb.have(has)+过去分词1.TheformofthepresentWeJustinhasdisappeared,soKellyisverysad.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast,butareconnectedtothepresent.Note:2.Theusesofthepresentperfecttense:Justinhasdisappeared,soKelIhavenotseenJustinsincelastFridaynight.Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepastandisstillhappeningnow.Note:IhavenotseenJustinsincelIhaven’tseenyourforages.Hehas

just

goneout.Ithasbeenverycoldlately.Shehasalreadyfinishedherhomework.Hehasn’tseenhersincethemeeting.

Note:

Weusethepresentperfecttense

whentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant.Ihaven’tseenyourforages.NWeuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas:alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyet

Weuse

alreadyforaffirmativestatements,

yetfornegativestatements.Weusefor+aperiodoftime,since+apointintime.

WeuseitwithtimeexpressionNote:Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.

Hehasjustgoneout.(=Hewentoutafewminutesago.)Ihavejustheardthenews.(=NowIknowthenews.)Note:WeusethepresentperfeNote:Wecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,thatis,weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce/twice/threetimes…TheysaythattheyhavebeentoAmericamanytimes.Note:WecanalsousethepresLookatthesentencesandfindthedifference:Tomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning.Nowitisstillinthemorning.LookatthesentencesandfindTomrangupthreetimesthismorning.Nowitisnotstillinthemorning.TomrangupthreetimesthismActionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedby

todayorthismorning/afternoon/evening/week/month/year/centuryorallday/night/week,allthetime,alwaysetc.Note:ActionsoccurringinanincompPointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthesentencesandthereasonswhytheyareused.1.WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegan

tostudyitfiveyearsago.2.Theymoved

tothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.Pointoutwhattenseortenses3.Ericlefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback.4.Theybought

thishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen.5.Mybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek.Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth.3.Ericlefthomelastyearan1‘_____you_____mypen?’‘Yes,I____itonyourdeskjustnow.’(see)2‘_____you____dinner?’‘Yes,I____itwithMary.’(have)3_____thepostman_____yetthismorning?____thepostman_____thismorning?(come)HaveHavehadDidHaveCompletethesentences.seencomecomehadsaw1‘_____you_____mypen?’‘YThepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod,butwiththepastsimpletense,weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast.Note:Thepresentperfecttenseisne.g.Billhassmokedsinceheleftschool.Hestillsmokes.e.g.BillhassmokedsincehelBillsmokedforsixmonths.Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen.Billsmokedforsixmonths.ItSometimes,however,Thepresentperfecttenseusedfortheactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking.e.g.Ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit’sjustbeginningtogetwarmer.

Onmeetingsomeone,youmaysay:Ihaven’tseenyouforages.(ButIseeyounow.)

NoteSometimes,however,ThepresenNoteThepresentperfecttenseused

forapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent.e.g.Tomhashadabadcarcrash.He’sprobablystillinhospitalnow.NoteThepresentperfecttenseTomhadabadcarcrash.Heisprobablyoutofhospitalnow.Tomhadabadcarcrash.HeisLookatthesentences:Sorry.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour.Lookatthesentences:Sorry.HPastOnehouragoPresentwaitingarrivePastOnehouragoPresentwaiting1.TheformofthePresentperfectcontinuoustense：Weformthepresentperfectcontinuoustensewithhave/hasbeenandthepresentparticiple

oftheverb.have(has)+been+doing1.TheformofthePresentper2.Theusesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense:WesometimesusethePresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing,orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway.2.TheusesofthepresentperPresentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuoustense?Sheisstillreadingthebook.LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.PresentperfectorpresentperLiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.Shefinishedreadingthebook.Sheknowsthecontentofthebooknow.LiJiahasreadabookaboutSNote:Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactioncompletedintherecentpast,andthepresentprefectcontinuoustenseforanactionthatstartedinthepastandisstillhappening.Note:IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.IhavevisitedEgypttwicethiNote:Thepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan’tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes,becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous,notstoppedandstartedagain.Wecanusethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensefornon-stopactions.Note:ThepresentperfectcontHowmanytimes

haveyouswuminthelake?Howlong

haveyoubeenswimminginthelake?HowmanytimeshaveyouswumiNote:Weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmany/much,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong.Note:WeusuallyusethepreseAstateverboranactionverb?1.Ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears.

2.IhavetakenphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.3.IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.stateverbactionverbstateverbAstateverboranactionverbAnactionmeanssomethinghappeningorchanging.Astatemeanssomethingstayingthesame.Someexamplesofactionverbsaredo,go,andplay.Someexamplesofstateverbsarelike,knowandexist.AnactionmeanssomethinghappNote:Wecanuseeitherastateverboranactionwiththepresentperfecttense,butweusuallycanonlyuseanactionverbwiththepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Astateverbdoesn’tmeananaction,soitcan’tbeusedinacontinuoustense.Note:Wecanuseeitherastate.g.They’vealwayshadabiggarden.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?He’s

beeninhospitalsincehisaccident.e.g.I’vealreadybeentoParis.I’venevervisitedParis.I’vealreadybeentoParis.I’vNote:Weusethepresentperfecttense,notthepresentperfectcontinuoustense,withthewordslikealways,never,yet,alreadyandever.Note:HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?HowlonghaveyoubeenlearninIthasbeenrainingforalongtime.Ithasrainedforalongtime.IthasbeenrainingforalongNote:Anactionwhichbeganinthepas