考研考博-英语-天津理工大学中环信息学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津理工大学中环信息学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.写作题

Moreandmorepeoplearerealizingthefactthatstudentsofhumanityandartcanbenefitthemselvesalotbyattendingtoscienceorengineeringcourse,andthestudentsofscienceandengineeringcanprofitbyreferringtohumanitydisciplinessuchasliterature,linguistics,history,andartsetcTheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenartandscienceisknowntoallofus,thoughsomemanyvoicedifferentopinions.Buthowtorelatesciencetoartisabigquestionforstudents.Nowpleasegiveyourstanceorposeasaresearcherinyourareainlightofrelatingarttoscienceifyouareacceptedasapostgraduatestudent.

Youshouldsupplyatitleforyourarticlewhichshouldbeabout300wordsinlength.Inthefirstpartofyourarticleyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】ScienceandArt2.问答题

Theteachersaidthatif(A)webelievedsomethingwas(B)trueandgoodweshould(C)holdontothem(D).

【答案】试题答案：D;it

【解析】考查代词用法。something意为“某物，某事”，其不定代词要用单数代词it，不能用them。

3.问答题

【答案】1.【答案】And改为However

2.【答案】inbeingtreatedas改成atbeingtreatedas

3.【答案】inferiorthan改为inferiorto

4.【答案】leveledwith改为leveledagainst

5.【答案】term改为terms

6.【答案】fail改为failing

7.【答案】∧treat加上to

8.【答案】giving改为given

9.【答案】farmuchmore去掉far

10.【答案】before改为after

【解析】1.【解题思路】上一句说的是过去的情况，用到了inthepast（在过去），这一句用的是today（今天），二者形成对比，要用一个表示转折的逻辑词，并且要用逗号和句子隔开，能单独使用。所以把And改为However。

2.【解题思路】根据句意“现在的年轻女性对自己的地位远没有那么理性，她们对于自己在某些方面不如男性的对待更加咄咄逼人。”这里表示“在……方面”，所以用介词at，故把in改为at。

3.【解题思路】inferiorto是固定搭配，表示“不如，次于”，所以要把than改为to。

4.【解题思路】根据句意“由于缺乏动力是针对女性的批评之一……”，这里用介词against意为“针对，反对”，符合原文语境，所以把with改为against。

5.【解题思路】cometotermswith是固定搭配，表示“妥协，达成协议”，所以把term改为terms。

6.【解题思路】failtoreachthetop（未能到达顶峰）是做后置定语来修饰women，所以应该使用现在分词形式，所以把fail改为failing。

7.【解题思路】句中间有两个逗号隔开的句子whenawomanwithyoungchildrenappliesforpromotion（当有小孩的女性申请晋升时）是插入语成分，可先忽略不看，再将句子连起来发现，这里考查的是tendto“倾向于”这个固定搭配，所以需在treat前加上介词to。

8.【解题思路】该句的逻辑主语是Employers，句意是“如果给他们选择的机会……”，选择的机会是被给予的，所以用过去分词表被动，把giving改为given。

9.【解题思路】根据句意“这项研究的作者们推荐了一种更为积极的方式”，muchmore意为“更加，多得多”；farmuchmore意为“远得多”，不符合句意。所以应该去掉far。

10.【解题思路】根据原文可知，该句句意是“这些女性应该是想等孩子长大直到不再需要她们管之后再来找工作”，所以应该把before改为after。

4.填空题

Directions:Inthissectionthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).

HighereducationtakesahardlookatthePhDandfindsmuchthatneedschanging.

StudentsenteringdoctoralprogramsinalldisciplinesintheU.S.oftenexpectthey’llonedaydevotethemselvestoresearchatamajorinstitution,justastheirownprofessorsdo.It’stowardthisendthatmostdoctoralprogramsgeartheirtraining.

That’swhyitcancomeasashockwhenstudentslearnthathalfofPhDsinthesciencesandengineeringworkoutsidetheacademicworld.Manyofthosewhostayworkatsmaller,teaching-intensiveuniversities,notatthemajorresearchinstitutionsthattrainthem.

Asagrowingnumberofstudentsseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities,they’resoundinganalarmthattheirtrainingneedstochange.

“Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.Becauseofthat,studentsneedpreparationtobesomethingotherthanacademics,”saysKristiLemn,whorecentlyearnedherdoctoratefromYaleUniversity.“It’snotthatstudentsshouldallcomeinnotexpectingtobeacademics—it’smorethattheyneedmoreoptionsforatoughjobmarket.”

AgrowingcropofeducatorsagreethatPhDtrainingneedsclosescrutiny.“It’stimetotakestockofwhatwe’redoingindoctoraltraining,”saysCynthiaBelar,theAmericanPsychologyAssociation’sexecutivedirectorforeducation.

“Wemayattimesbetoonarrowlyfocusedontrainingforparticularcareerpaths.Wemustfosterthecriticalthinkingandadaptiveskillsrequiredforachangingworld,orweriskfailingourstudents.”

Afocalpointofthemovementtoscrutinizedoctoraltraininghasbeen“Re-envisioningthePhD,’’alarge-scaleprojectfundedbythePewCharitableTrusts.HeadingtheprojectistheUniversityofWashington’s(UW)JodyNyquist.

“We’relookingathowwecangetthePhDexperiencetoincludeawiderrangeofprofessionalpreparation,”saysNyquist,associatedeanintheUWgraduateschool.

LeeShulman,presidentoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching,saidallfieldsoughttomorestronglyemphasizethat“beingadoctormeansbeingstewardofone’sdiscipline,whetherthatbeinindustry,governmentoracademics.AcoupleofdecadesfromnowtherewillstillbesomethingcalledthePhDineveryfield,”predictsShulman.

Questions:(注意：答题尽量简短，超过十个词要扣分。每条横线上限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。)

41.Whatdrivesstudentstoenterdoctoralprograms?

________________________________________

________________________________________

42.Accordingtothepassage,what’sashocktostudents?

________________________________________

________________________________________

43.Increasingstudentsaresoundinganalarmthatdoctoraltrainingisinneedofchangesbecause________.

________________________________________

________________________________________

44.Whyshouldthestudentspreparesomethingotherthanacademics?

________________________________________

________________________________________

45.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindsofpeoplearerequiredforachangingworld?

________________________________________

________________________________________

【答案】41.Theexpectationofresearchingatamajorinstitution.

42.ManyPhDsworkoutsidetheacademicworld.

43.theyseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities

44.Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.

45.Peoplewithcriticalthinkingandadaptiveskills.

【解析】41.事实细节题。题干“是什么促使学生攻读博士学位”可定位到第2段第1句StudentsenteringdoctoralprogramsinalldisciplinesintheU.S.oftenexpectthey’llonedaydevotethemselvestoresearchatamajorinstitution.（在美国攻读所有学科博士学位的学生通常希望有一天他们能在一个主要机构从事研究。）由此可知，促使学生攻读博士学位的原因是他们想在一个主要的研究机构奉献自己。

42.事实细节题。题干“根据文章，什么是学生的震惊”可定位到第3段第1句That’swhyitcancomeasashockwhenstudentslearnthathalfofPhDsinthesciencesandengineeringworkoutsidetheacademicworld.（这就是为什么当学生们得知有一半的科学和工程博士在学术世界之外工作时，可能会感到震惊。）由此可知，学生们震惊的是有一半的科学和工程博士在学术世界之外工作。

43.事实细节题。题干“越来越多的学生发出警报，博士培训需要改变，因为____。”可定位到第4段Asagrowingnumberofstudentsseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities,they’resoundinganalarmthattheirtrainingneedstochange.（随着越来越多的学生看到博士培训和工作机会之间的不匹配，他们敲响了警钟，即他们的培训需要改变。）由此可知，学生发出警报的原因是看到博士培训和工作机会之间的不匹配。

44.事实细节题。题干“为什么学生们要准备学术以外的东西”可定位到第5段第1、2句Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.Becauseofthat,studentsneedpreparationtobesomethingotherthanacademics.（成为学者的机会越来越少了。正因为如此，学生们需要为学习以外的东西做准备。）由此可知，学生们要准备学术以外的东西，是因为成为学者的机会越来越少。

45.事实细节题。题干“根据短文内容，需要什么样的人来适应变化的世界”可定位到第7段第2句Wemustfosterthecriticalthinkingandadaptiveskillsrequiredforachangingworld,orweriskfailingourstudents.（我们必须培养批判性思维和适应能力，以适应不断变化的世界，否则我们就有可能让学生失败。）由此可知，有批判性思维和适应能力的人才能适应不断变化的世界。

5.单选题

Ⅱ.(EconomicLaw)

Considerfirstshareholders’votingrights.Asamatteroflawtheseareseverelylimitedinscope,principallytotherighttoelectandremovedirectors.Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness;theycannotstopdirectorsfromsquanderingrevenuesonemployeeraises,charitablecontributions,orexecutivejets;andtheycannotvotetosellthecompany’sassetsorthecompanyitself(althoughtheymayinsomecasesvotetovetoasaleormergerproposedbytheboard).Therulesofvotingprocedurefurtherlimitexerciseoftheshareholderfranchise.Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting,andshareholderswhowaitfortheregularlyscheduledannualmeetingtotrytoelectorremovedirectorsusuallymustpaytosolicitproxies.Finallyandperhapsmostsignificantly,inapublicfirmwithwidely-dispersedshareownership,shareholderactivismisapublicgood,andshareholders’own“rationalapathy”raisesanoften-insurmountableobstacletocollectiveaction.AsRobertClarkhasputit,acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.

Whataboutshareholders’righttosuecorporateofficersanddirectorsforbreachoffiduciarydutyiftheyfailtomaximizeshareholderwealth?Here,too,shareholders’“rights”turnouttobeillusory.Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.AsIhavepointedoutinwritingswithMargaretBlair,courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”.Contrarytotheshareholderprimacythesis,shareholderscannotrecoveragainstdirectorsorofficersforbreachoffiduciarydutysimplybecausethosedirectorsandofficersfavorstakeholders’interestsovertheshareholders’own.

55.ThefirstparagraphtellsusthefollowingBUT___.

56.Whichofthefollowingsentenceclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentence?

57.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatcanthecompanyofficersdo?

58.Courtshavenotalloweddirectorsofcompaniesto___.

问题1选项

A.Shareholdershavenorighttoelectandremovedirectors

B.Shareholderscanrequirethecompanytopaythemdividends

C.Shareholderscannotchangethelineofbusinessofthecompany

D.Shareholderscannotcallaspecialshareholders’meeting

问题2选项

A.Shareholdersinapubliccompanyhavenopoweratall.

B.Someonewantsthemanagerialpowertobelegitimate.

C.Theshareholdervotingisaceremonyforacompany.

D.Shareholders’votinginapubliccompanyhasnosubstantivemeaning.

问题3选项

A.Theycanusetheircorporatepositionforthemselves.

B.Theycanlineupforshareholders.

C.Theycanpursuenonshareholder-relatedgoalsaslongastheythinkitiscorrectinbusiness.

D.Theycancarryoutbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity.

问题4选项

A.usetheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets

B.donatecorporatemoneytochurches

C.rejectaprofit-makingprojectthatwouldpollutetheenvironment

D.refusetosellacompanyfortheinterestoftheneighborhood

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】55.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness（股东无权选择公司的首席执行官；他们不能要求公司支付他们一分钱的股息；他们不能投票改变或保留公司的业务范围）可知B选项“股东可以要求公司支付股息”和原文相悖，A选项“股东无权选举和罢免董事”和C选项“股东不能改变公司的业务”符合原文；第一段Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting…（例如，特拉华州的法律规定……）可知D选项“股东不得召开特别股东大会”符合原文。因此B选项符合题意。

56.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到划线句子acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.（愤世嫉俗者很容易得出这样的结论：上市公司的股东投票“不过是一种旨在给管理权力披上合法性外衣的仪式”），结合第一段所提到的法律对于股东权利的限制可知此处想表达股东的投票权没任何意义，选D选项“上市公司的股东投票没有实质意义”；根据第一段可知股东还是有权利的，但是权利被限制，A选项“上市公司的股东根本没有权力”太过绝对；B选项“有人希望管理权力是合法的”和C选项“股东投票是公司的一种仪式”和原文不符，排除。因此D选项正确。

57.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.（然而，在令人欣慰的商业判断规则的外衣下，他们仍然可以自由地追求其他与股东无关的目标）可知选C选项“他们可以追求与股东无关的目标，只要他们认为这在商业上是正确的”；第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠诚的受托责任使高管和董事不能利用他们在公司的职位中饱私囊）可知A选项“他们可以利用公司的职位为自己服务”和原文相悖；B选项“他们可以排队等股东”原文未涉及；第二段toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity（避免以损害债权人利益为代价的有风险的承诺；为了保护员工或社区，以高价击退恶意收购）可知D选项“他们可以以牺牲当地社区为代价来增加利润”错误。因此C选项正确。

58.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠诚的受托责任使高管和董事不能利用他们在公司的职位中饱私囊）可知选A选项“利用他们在公司的地位中饱私囊”；第二段courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”（法院一贯允许董事“将公司资金用于慈善目的；拒绝以牺牲当地社区为代价增加利润的商业策略；避免以损害债权人利益为代价的有风险的承诺；为了保护员工或社区，以高价击退恶意收购”）可知B选项“把公司的钱捐给教堂”，C选项“拒绝一个会污染环境的盈利项目”以及D选项“拒绝为了社区的利益出售一家公司”都是法院所允许公司董事做的事，排除。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Idon’tmindabitifyoubringyourfriendsinforadrink,butitisrathertoomuchwhentenpeoplearrive（）fordinner.

问题1选项

A.unusually

B.excessively

C.consequently

D.unexpectedly

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义辨析。unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；unusually“显著地”；excessively“过分地”；consequently“从而”。句意：我不介意你带你的朋友来喝杯茶，但是当十个人出乎意料地来家里吃晚饭时就有点太多了。

7.单选题

Superconductorsloseelectricalresistanceonly______subjectedtointensecold.

问题1选项

A.through

B.when

C.as

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句的省略。在表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等从句中，当从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，谓语含有动词be时，从句中的主语和谓语可以省略。从句可以还原为whensuperconductorsaresubjectedtointensecold，因此选D。句意：超导体只有在严寒下才会失去电阻。

8.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

据财富、种族、教育、地域的不同，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模有很大差别。数据表明，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即拥有高中和大学文凭的富裕的白人和那些稳定的双亲家庭中增长更迅速。最高收入阶层的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭访问互联网的可能性是那些低收入阶层，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用计算机的比例高达76.56%，但与之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.

9.单选题

Nonviolentdemonstrationsoftencreatesuchtensionsthatacommunitythathasconstantlyrefusedto（

）itsinjusticesisforcedtocorrectthem:theinjusticescannolongerbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.acknowledge...ignored

B.decrease...verified

C.tolerate...accepted

D.address...reassess

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项acknowledge“承认，承认…性，告知”；ignore“忽略，忽视”；B选项decrease“减少，减低”；verify“证明，证实，核实”；C选项tolerate“忍受，容忍，承认，尊重”；accept“接受”；D选项address“对付，处理，解决”；eliminate“消除，排除”。句意‘非暴力游行示威常常会造成很大程度上的紧张状态，以至于任何一个自始至终不愿承认其不公平的社会的人就会被迫纠正它们，这些不公平己经到了再也不容忽视的地步了。’A选项正确

10.单选题

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(头盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine（）.

2.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

3.RichardSatavahasvisionsof（）.

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause（）.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

问题1选项

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldt

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldt

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

问题2选项

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.t

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.t

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinedtothem.t

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.t

问题3选项

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseast

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldt

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonst

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseast

问题4选项

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreent

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglest

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedt

D.heiswearing3-Dglassest

问题5选项

A.causelesspaintothewoundedt

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyt

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedioust

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“根据萨塔瓦，虚拟现实在医学上的应用……”。第二段提到“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（萨塔瓦说：“有了虚拟现实技术，我们将能够在每条战壕里都安置一名外科医生。”他设想有一天，在海外战斗中受伤的士兵可以被安置在配备电脑的移动手术室），由此可以推理，虚拟现实在医学上的应用可以改善战场上的医疗条件，故C项“将大大改善战场上的医疗条件”正确。A项“将使外科医生能够亲临每一个战场”，表述与原文不符；B项“可以鼓舞在战场上受伤的士兵的精神”和D项“可以缩短在战场上受伤的士兵的行动时间”文章没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“如何进行虚拟现实手术？”。根据文章第四段第三句Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.（当外科医生观察手术的三维图像时，他们移动与计算机相连的仪器，计算机将他们的动作传递给实施手术的机器人仪器）可知，C项“外科医生通过排列在机器上的计算机移动机器器械”正确。A项“它是由计算机设计的高精度设备执行的”没有提到；B项“外科医生戴着虚拟现实头盔接受电脑提供的反馈”，第三段提到Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.（外科医生将通过虚拟现实头盔观察士兵，头盔上有一个显示伤口图像的小屏幕），可知医生是通过头盔亲自观察士兵的伤情，而不是通过接收机器人的反馈；D项“一幅3d图像记录了外科医生在手术过程中的动作”，第五段最后一句提到Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.（在切除大脑深处的肿瘤时，她在术前拍摄的病人大脑计算机图形图像中观察手术工具的动作）可知，3d图像是医生用来观察手术工具的动作，而不是记录外科医生的动作，D项表述不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第3题:细节推理题。题干意思是“萨塔瓦幻想……”。根据文章第二段第二句Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（他设想有一天，在海外战斗中受伤的士兵可以被安置在配备电脑的移动手术室）可推理，理查德•萨塔瓦设想受伤的战士可以在移动的手术室通过远程控制电脑实现被远程救治，故A项“用遥控技术治疗海外作战的受伤士兵”符合题意。B项“伤兵在战场上被医生戴着虚拟现实头盔拯救”，表述不准确，头盔是医生用来观察伤情而非实行救治的；C项“受过专门训练的外科医生对受伤士兵进行手术”，第三段最后一句提到Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.（医生们将指导战场上的移动手术室内的机器人设备为士兵进行手术），可知是通过机器人为士兵进行手术，C项错误；D项“在海外设立流动手术室”是以偏概全。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。题干意思是“在虚拟现实手术中，外科医生可以更好地看到身体的切口，因为……”。倒数第二段第一句提到Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.（在这些手术过程中，通过身体的小切口进行的手术中，操作微型相机和手术工具的外科医生戴着3D眼镜，以便更好地观察），由此可知外科医生可以更好地看到身体的切口是因为3d眼镜提供的更好的视野，故D项“他戴着3d眼镜”正确。A项“他正在看电脑屏幕上的切口”，表述不够准确；B项“切口可以从不同的角度检查”和C项“切口被高度放大”文中未提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。题干意思是“虚拟现实手术是传统手术的改进，因为它们……”。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan（他们还命令机器人外科医生比人类外科医生更精确地切除组织）可知，机器人外科医生比人类外科医生更能精确的实行组织切除，这是虚拟现实手术是传统手术的改进的原因；故D项“由机器人外科医生更精确地完成”正确。A项“对受伤的人造成较少的痛苦”、B项“让病人恢复得更快”和C项“将使人类外科医生的工作不那么乏味”文中均未提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。

11.写作题

Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】答：

1.no改为not

2.place改为land

3.started改为start

4.working改为work

5.Anyone改为Everyone

6.but去掉

7.before改为after

8.But改为And

9.it改为they

10.housethe中间加入as

【解析】1.【解题思路】no是形容词，后面要跟名词，sweet是形容词，所以要用副词not修饰，故把no改为not。

2.【解题思路】该句意思是“是找一块地，为家人盖一所房子”，而place表示“地方”，指某个位置或地点，不和apieceof（一块）搭配，所以要把place改为land。

3.【解题思路】started和前面的find与build都是并列动词，放在不定式to的后面，所以started要用原形start。

4.【解题思路】working和前面的live是并列动词，live用的原形，所以working同样要用动词原形work。

5.【解题思路】Anyone多用于否定句或疑问句中，此处是肯定句，所以要把Anyone改为Everyone。

6.【解题思路】这一句的句首用了although表示让步，那么后面不需要再用but表示转折，英语中although和but不能出现在同一个句子中，所以把but去掉。

7.【解题思路】根据关键信息WhenU.Ssoldierscamehome（当美国士兵回国时）可知，这是发生在二战之后，而不是之前，所以要把before改为after。

8.【解题思路】But表示前后句意是转折关系，前文说“美国士兵回国时梦想着买房子，组建家庭”，后文说“住宅建设出现了巨大的繁荣”，前后文明显是递进关系，所以要把but改为and。

9.【解题思路】it指代的是前面提到的Thenewhouses（新房子），是复数，所以it也要改为表示复数的代词they。

10.【解题思路】regard…as是固定搭配，表示“把……看作是”，所以要在house后面加上介词as。

12.单选题

Since1813,reactiontoJaneAusten'snovelshasoscillatedbetweenadorationandcondescension;butingenerallaterwritershaveesteemedherworksmorehighlythandidmostofherliterary（）.

问题1选项

A.admirers

B.readers

C.followers

D.contemporaries

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。admirer爱慕者，赞赏者；reader读者；follower追随者；contemporary同代人。由but可知后半句的态度与前半句相反，前半句的评价是在喜爱与勉强凑合之间徘徊，后面对简的作品的评价是比1813那个时代的评价要高。故该句将1813这个时代的作家与laterwriters对简作品的评价作对比。故D项正确。句意：自1813年以来，人们对简•奥斯汀小说的反应在崇拜和勉强凑合之间摇摆不定;但总的来说，后来的作家对她的作品的评价比与她同时代大多数的作家的评价要高。

13.单选题

Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerally____improvementsindiet.

问题1选项

A.attributedto

B.adjustedto

C.adaptedto

D.accustomedto

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.attributedto归因于；被认为是……所为B.adjustedto调节；调整以适应

C.adaptedto适合；适应于D.accustomedto习惯于

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】句意：心脏病死亡人数的下降通常……饮食的改善。根据逻辑，因为饮食的改善，所以心脏病的死亡人数会下降。由此可知，心脏病死亡人数下降是由于饮食的改善也就是归因于饮食的改善。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】心脏病死亡人数的下降通常归因于饮食的改善。

14.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasn