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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Hespentmuchofhislifetime,studyingthediseaseofcattle,chickensandother()animals.

问题1选项

A.domestic

B.wild

C.tamed

D.fierce

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他花费其一生的大部分时间研究牛,鸡和其他家禽的疾病。

考查形容词辨析。domestic国内的,家畜的;wild野生的;tame驯服的,养服的;fierce激烈的,猛烈的。因此A项符合句意。

2.不定项选择题

TheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.

WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.

TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.

AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt’s“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler’spolicies.Germany’sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.

TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.

TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.

Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasgiventoBritainbyexchangingcertainoveragedestroyersfortherighttoestablishAmericanbasesinBritishterritoryintheWesternHemisphere.InAugust,1940PresidentRooseveltandPrimeMinisterChurchillmetandissuedtheAtlanticCharterwhichproclaimedthekindofaworldwhichshouldbeestablishedafterthewar.

InDecember,1941,JapanlaunchedtheunprovokedattackontheUnitedStatesatPearlHarbor.Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.

1.Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas_____.

2.TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto_____.

3.Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing______.

4.TheNeutralityActof1939______.

5.WeenteredthewaragainstGermany________.

问题1选项

A.theburningoftheReichstag

B.Germanplansforconquest

C.Nazibarbarism

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroup

问题2选项

A.helptheBritish

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStates

C.promotetheAtlanticCharter

D.avengePearlHarbor

问题3选项

A.watchful

B.isolationist

C.peaceful

D.indifferent

问题4选项

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnations

B.antagonizedJapan

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAllies

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseAct

问题5选项

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwar

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermany

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-SovietPact

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailed

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas____.有一件事发生在1937年之前,但作者在他的疏远美国公众的行为清单中没有提到的是____。

A.theburningoftheReichstagA.国会大厦的焚毁

B.GermanplansforconquestB.德国征服计划

C.NazibarbarismC.纳粹暴虐

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroupD.宗教团体的迫害

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.1第二句,该处讲到“对犹太人的迫害(thepersecutionofJews)”“纳粹的暴虐(barbarismoftheNazis)”以及“德国征服计划(theplansofGermany…forworldconquest)”。B、C、D都有提到,只有A没有。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

A选项国会大厦的焚毁,属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto____.租借法案的目的是____。

A.helptheBritishA.帮助英国

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStatesB.加强美国的国防

C.promotetheAtlanticCharterC.促进《大西洋宪章》

D.avengePearlHarborD.珍珠港报仇

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息词Lend-LeaseAct可定位到倒数第二段第二句“《租借法案》(1941年)授权总统向他认为保卫美国(forthedefenseoftheUnitedStates)所需的任何国家出售、交换或租借材料”。换言之,就是加强美国的国防。比对选项,B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换,因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“帮助英国”,这个法案颁布后确实给英国提供了帮助,但是这不是美国的根本目的。A选项属于本末倒置;

C选项“促进《大西洋宪章》”,文中没有提到,C选项属于无中生有;

D选项“珍珠港报仇”,文中没有提及两者的关系,D选项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing____.美国在1935-1936年间的政策可以被描述为____。

A.watchfulA.注意的;警惕的

B.isolationistB.孤立主义的

C.peacefulC.和平的,爱好和平的

D.indifferentD.冷淡的,不关心的

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据出处提示词1935-1936与题干信息词Americanpolicy可定位到Para.3第一句,该处讲到“1935-1936的中立法案(TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936)”。还讲到“美国人民普遍支持孤立政策”。比对选项,B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换,因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“警惕的”,属于无中生有;

C选项“和平的”,属于无中生有;

D选项“冷淡的”,属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

TheNeutralityActof1939____.1939年《中立法案》____。

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnationsA.允许向交战国家出售武器

B.antagonizedJapanB.对抗日本

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAlliesC.允许英国只与协约国进行贸易

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseActD.导致了《租借法案》的出台

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息词TheNeutralityActof1939可定位到倒数第三段第二句,该处讲到“废弃了武器禁运,允许向交战国家‘现购自运’出口武器”。换言之,允许对交战国家出口武器。比对选项,A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换,因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“对抗日本”,属于无中生有;

C选项“允许英国只与协约国进行贸易”,属于无中生有;

D选项“导致了《租借法案》的出台”,文中没有提及两者关系,D选项属于过度推断。

5.【选项释义】

WeenteredthewaragainstGermany____.我们参加了对德战争____。

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwarA.因为德国宣战了

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermanyB.因为日本是德国的盟友

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-Soviet

C.在德国签署了纳粹—苏联条约之后

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailedD.在和平努力失败之后

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段,该处讲到“紧接着,德国向美国宣战”。因为前文一直讲到美国处于中立状态,所以德国宣战后美国才参加了对德战争。比对选项,A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换,因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“因为日本是德国的盟友”,属于无中生有;

C选项“在德国签署了纳粹-苏联条约之后”,文中没有提过,属于无中生有;

D选项“在和平努力失败之后”,文中美国一直处于中立状态,没有进行和平努力,属于无中生有。

3.单选题

Almost15yearsago,in“TheWorkofNations,”Idescribedathree-tieredworkforcefoundinmostadvancedeconomies.Atthebottomwereworkerswhoofferpersonalservice,mainlyinretailoutlets,restaurants,hotelsandhospitals.Inthemiddlewereproductionworkersinfactoriesoroffices,performingsimple,repetitivetasks.Atthetopwere“symbolicanalysts”,likeengineersorlawyers,whomanipulateinformationtosolveproblems.Educatedtothinkcritically,almostallhaveuniversitydegrees.Theyweretheknowledgeworkersoftheneweconomy.

Ipredictedthatadvancesintechnology,andglobalization,wouldwidenthegapsinincomeandopportunitybetweenthesetiers.WhatIdidn’tpredictwasthatthethreetierswouldchangeshapesodramatically.Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking,muchfasterthanIexpected.Symbolicanalystsnowmakeupmorethanafifthofalljobsinadvancedeconomies,upfromabout15percent15yearsago.Theirincomesindevelopingeconomiesaresoaring,relativetootherworkers’.

Twodifferentgroupsofsymbolicanalystsareemerging:nationalandglobal.Mostsymbolicanalystsstillworkwithinanationaleconomy,manipulatingvariouskindsofsymbolswiththeaidofcomputers.They’reatthecoreoftheirnations’middleclass—accountants,engineers,lawyers,journalistsandotheruniversity-trainedprofessionals.

Yetanewgroupisemergingattheverytop.They’reCEOsandCFOsofglobalcorporations,andpartnersandexecutivesinglobalinvestmentbanks,lawfirmsandconsultancies.Unlikemostnationalsymbolicanalysts,theseglobalsymbolicanalystsconductalmostalltheirworkinEnglish,andsharewithoneanotheranincreasinglysimilarcosmopolitanculture.

There’sagoodeconomicreasonthatthisgroupofglobalsymbolicanalystsemerged.Globalcommerceisnowoccurringonascaleandwithacomplexitythatnocommercialcontractcanadequatelycoverandnosinglelegalsystemcansufficientlyenforce.Hence,globaldealmakersmustrelytoanevergreaterextentonanextendednetworkofpeoplewhomtheytrust.

Thefearsofnationalsymbolicanalystsarepremature.Thedemandfortheirskillsisstillrising,notwithstandingthenewcompetition.TheearningsofuniversitygraduatesintheUnitedStatesandmostadvancedeconomiescontinuetooutpacetheearningsofthosewithonlysecondary-schooldiplomas,andtheearningsofpeoplewithgraduateandprofessionaldegreesarerisingevenfaster.Ifdemandforsymbolicanalystsweredropping,wewouldexpecttheopposite.

YetunlesstheadvancedeconomiesinvestmoreineducationandbasicR&D,theycouldlosetheirgloballeadinscience,engineeringandhigh-value-addedproductionwithinafewdecades.ChinaandIndiaarenowgraduatingmoreengineersandcomputerscientiststhanareemergingfromAmericanandEuropeanuniversities.Atsomepoint,nationalsymbolicanalystsinadvancedeconomieswillloseground.Theirglobalbrethren,meanwhile,willcontinuetodominateglobalcommerce.Theincomeandwealthgapbetweenthemwillwidenintoachasm.Theywilllive,literally,indifferentcultures.

1.Inwhatwayisthepredictionmadebytheauthor15yearsagoflawed?

2.Inwhatwayhasthethreetierschangedshapeindevelopedcountries?

3.Theemergenceoftheglobalsymbolicanalystsismainlyattributabletothe______.

4.Theauthoradvisesadvancedcountrieswanttokeeptheircompetitiveadvantageto______.

5.Theauthorimpliesinthetextthat______.

问题1选项

A.Theincomegapsbetweenthetiersarenotwidening.

B.Advancesintechnologycreateafourthtieronthetop.

C.Theincomegapbetweenthemiddleandtoptiersismadewider.

D.Theknowledgeworkersbecomethelargestgroupoftheworkforce.

问题2选项

A.Thenumberofmanufacturingworkersisonthedecline.

B.Thesymbolicanalystshavebecomethedominantworkforce.

C.Thenumberofpeopleinserviceindustryremainsstable.

D.Thecomputerworkersreceivethelargersalariesthanotherworkers.

问题3选项

A.popularityoftheEnglishlanguage

B.increasedtransnationalbusinesstransaction

C.lackofsuitablelawapplicabletoglobaldealings

D.emergenceofaglobalculture

问题4选项

A.narrowdowntheincomegapsbetweentiersoftheworkforce

B.givenationalsymbolicanalystscons

C.paydueattentiontotheriseofglobalsymbolicanalysts

D.streammoremoneyintoeducationandresearch

问题5选项

A.afour-tieredclassificationismoresuitableforpicturingthepresentworkforce

B.nationalsymbolicanalystswillplayavitalroleintheupcomingglobalization

C.graduatesfromChineseandIndianuniversitieswillbevaluedinadvancedeconomies

D.engineersandcomputerscientistswillplaydifferentrolesindifferentcultures

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Ipredictedthatadvancesintechnology,andglobalization,wouldwidenthegapsinincomeandopportunitybetweenthesetiers.WhatIdidn’tpredictwasthatthethreetierswouldchangeshapesodramatically.Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking,muchfasterthanIexpected.(我预测,技术进步和全球化将扩大这些阶层之间的收入和机会差距。我没有预料到的是,这三层的形状会发生如此巨大的变化。顶层和底层都在增长,而中层在萎缩,比我预期的要快得多。)”,由顶层在增长,中层在萎缩,可推断出中高层阶级的收入差距变得更大了,这是作者没有预测到的,所以C选项“中高层收入差距进一步扩大”符合题意。根据“WhatIdidn’tpredictwasthatthethreetierswouldchangeshapesodramatically.(我没有预料到的是,这三层的形状会发生如此巨大的变化。)”可知A选项“各阶层之间的收入差距没有扩大”说法错误;B选项“技术的进步创造了比高层更高的第四层”不符合题意;D选项“知识工人成为劳动力的最大群体”,文章提到“Symbolicanalystsnowmakeupmorethanafifthofalljobsinadvancedeconomies,upfromabout15percent15yearsago.(象征性分析师现在占据了发达经济体所有工作岗位的五分之一以上,而15年前这一比例约为15%。)”,并没有说知识工人成为劳动力的最大群体,D选项错误。因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking,muchfasterthanIexpected.Symbolicanalystsnowmakeupmorethanafifthofalljobsinadvancedeconomies,upfromabout15percent15yearsago.Theirincomesindevelopingeconomiesaresoaring,relativetootherworkers.(顶层和底层都在增长,而中层在萎缩,比我预期的要快得多。象征性分析师现在占据了发达经济体所有工作岗位的五分之一以上,而15年前这一比例约为15%。相对于其他工人,他们在发展中国家的收入正在飙升。)”,以及结合第一段可知,中层阶级主要是制造业工人,该句中提到中层阶级在萎缩,由此可推断制造业工人的数量在下降,A选项“制造业工人数量在下降”正确;B选项“象征性分析师已经成为主导的劳动力”,文章只提到了他们的比例有所提高,并没有强调他们的主导地位,B选项错误;根据第一段“Atthebottomwereworkerswhoofferpersonalservice,mainlyinretailoutlets,restaurants,hotelsandhospitals.(最底层的是提供个人服务的工人,主要在零售店、餐馆、酒店和医院工作。)”,且第二段提到“Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking...(顶层和底层都在增长,而中层在萎缩……)”可知服务业从业人数增长了,所以C选项“服务业从业人数保持稳定”说法错误;D选项“计算机工人的工资比其他工人高”文章没有提到,因此A选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段“There’sagoodeconomicreasonthatthisgroupofglobalsymbolicanalystsemerged.Globalcommerceisnowoccurringonascaleandwithacomplexitythatnocommercialcontractcanadequatelycoverandnosinglelegalsystemcansufficientlyenforce.Hence,globaldealmakersmustrelytoanevergreaterextentonanextendednetworkofpeoplewhomtheytrust.(这群全球符号分析师的出现有一个很好的经济原因。目前全球商业的规模和复杂性是任何商业合同都无法充分涵盖的,是任何单一的法律体系都无法充分执行的。因此,全球交易商必须在更大程度上依赖于他们所信任的扩大网络。)”,由此可推断出全球符号分析师出现的根本原因是因为缺乏适用于全球交易的法律,所以C选项“缺乏适用于全球交易的法律”正确。A选项“英语语言的普及”;B选项“跨国业务交易的增加”虽然也是一个原因,但不是根本原因;D选项“全球文化的出现”。因此C选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“YetunlesstheadvancedeconomiesinvestmoreineducationandbasicR&D,theycouldlosetheirgloballeadinscience,engineeringandhigh-value-addedproductionwithinafewdecades.(然而,除非发达经济体在教育和基础研发方面加大投资,否则它们可能在几十年内失去在科学、工程和高附加值生产方面的全球领先地位。)”,由此可知作者建议发达国家如果想要保持他们的竞争优势,就必须加大对教育和研究与开发方面的投资,所以D选项“加大对教育和研究的资金投入”符合题意。A选项“缩小劳动阶层之间的收入差距”;B选项“给国家象征分析家一些批评”;C选项“对全球符号分析者的崛起给予应有的关注”。因此D选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“ChinaandIndiaarenowgraduatingmoreengineersandcomputerscientiststhanareemergingfromAmericanandEuropeanuniversities.Atsomepoint,nationalsymbolicanalystsinadvancedeconomieswillloseground.Theirglobalbrethren,meanwhile,willcontinuetodominateglobalcommerce.(现在,中国和印度的工程师和计算机科学家毕业生比美国和欧洲大学毕业生还要多。在某种程度上,发达经济体的国家象征性分析师将失去优势。与此同时,他们的全球兄弟将继续主导全球商业。)”,由此可推断出C选项“中国和印度大学的毕业生将在发达经济体受到重视”符合题意。A选项“四级分类更适合描述目前的劳动力”;B选项“国家象征分析家将在即将到来的全球化中扮演至关重要的角色”;D选项“工程师和计算机科学家将在不同的文化中扮演不同的角色”。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Thelegalownershipofthegoods______theselleruntilthefinalpaymenthasbeenmade.

问题1选项

A.relieson

B.consists

C.remainswith

D.fallsinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relyon“依靠;依赖;凭借;信赖”;B选项consists“包括;组成;由;在于”;C选项remainwith“属于;在;翻译;取决于”;D选项fallinto“落入;陷入;陷于;河流注入”。句意:在付清全部货款之前,货物的所有权属于卖方。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

WhenyoustudyintheUnitedStates,usuallyyouhavetobuyyourownhealth().

问题1选项

A.insurance

B.expense

C.evidence

D.assurance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项insurance“保险,保险费”。B选项expense“损失,代价”。C选项evidence“证据,证明”。D选项assurance“保证,担保”。句意:当你在美国学习时,通常你必须自己购买健康保险。因此A选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Agoodscientist(

)intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.

问题1选项

A.pricks

B.pokes

C.probes

D.peers

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项prick“戳,扎破”;B选项poke“戳,刺”;C选项probe“调查”;D选项peer“凝视”。句意:一个好的科学家会对调查问题的各个方面,以便找到解决办法。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Mostcellsaretransparent—inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive.Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek’sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechniquecelebratestransparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex.

Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial.(Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.Dr.Feldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.

Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated.Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDr.Feld’snewformofmicroscopyitsname.

Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways.Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible—withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower—toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.

Totesthisidea,Dr.Feldlookedatcervical-cancercells.Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive.Missit,andhe/shewilldie.Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.

Dr.Feldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdifferentcolors,sinceeachcolorhasaslightlydifferentrefractiveindexinagivenmaterial.Thatwouldprovideextradataforthecomputertochewon,andprobablyresultinbetterpictures.Withenoughpictures,Dr.Feld’stechniquemaymakebiologyastransparentasthecellsitstudies.

31.Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat________.

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthespeedoflightinmaterials?

33.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat________.

34.Dr.Feld’smethodcouldbeappliedintoidentifyingcancerearlyby________.

35.Thebesttitleifthepassagecouldbe________.

问题1选项

A.thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy

B.itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells

C.itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight

D.itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions

问题2选项

A.Lightrunsthefastestwhenitpassesthroughtransparentmaterialsintherealworld.

B.Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravellinginvacuum.

C.Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual“speedoflight”.

D.Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelsthroughdifferentcells.

问题3选项

A.thereisnolightpassingthroughthesample

B.therefractiveindexofthesampleisverygreat

C.thespeedofthelightpassingthroughthesampleisveryslow

D.thetwodaughterbeamsweakeneachother

问题4选项

A.detectingchangesofrefractiveindicesinthecomponentsofproteinfactories

B.findingoutthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinsomepartsofthecervical-cancercells

C.examiningthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinthenucleolus

D.identifyingthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinpartofthenucleolusofthecancercells

问题5选项

A.ImageoftheTransparentCells

B.NewTechniqueofCelebratingTransparency

C.RefractiveIndicesoftheTransparentCells

D.NewMethodofDetectingCancerCells

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第二句Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechnique…(费尔德博士的技术不依赖于吸收光或反射光),可知层析相显微镜技术最独特的地方在于C选项“不依赖于吸收或反射光”,所以C选项正确。A选项“通过细胞的光在层析相显微镜中是不变的”:根据第三段第一句Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacell…whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.(为了测量细胞不同部分的折射率……这种技术包括将一束光一分为二。),可知在层析相显微镜技术中,通过细胞的光会变化,故错误。B选项“不需要技巧来杀死细胞”:根据第一段第三句Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell(许多这样的把戏杀死了细胞,甚至那些使细胞存活的把戏也只能看到每个细胞的切片),可知不是杀死细胞才能观察,而是在观察的过程中杀死了细胞,故错误。D选项“它可以从三维空间看到细胞的所有组成部分”:文中没有提到,故错误。因此C选项正确。

32.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.(只有在真空中,光以实际的“光速”移动,才能超过任何物体的速度。),可知光在真空中最快,所以C选项“任何物质中的光速都比实际的‘光速’要慢。”正确,B选项“只有当光在真空中传播时,才能精确测量光速。”错误。A选项“在现实世界中,光通过透明材料时跑得最快。”和D选项“当光通过不同的细胞时,光的速度会发生变化”文章没有提到,故错误。因此C选项正确。

33.推理判断题。根据第三段ifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeet…Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness…themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness(如果没有样本存在,两个子光束相遇时的相位完全相同……波浪的波峰和波谷会相互加强,结果就是明亮……两束光的相位就越不一致。波峰将落在波谷上,结果将是黑暗。),可知如果两个子光束相遇时相位相同,波峰和波谷会相互加强,结果是明亮,那么如果结果是黑暗,两个子光束相位不一致,两个子光束就是相互削弱,所以D选项“两个子光束相互削弱”正确。A选项“没有光通过样品”的结果是明亮,故错误。B选项“样品的折射率非常大”文中没有提到,故错误。C选项“光通过样品的速度非常慢”:通过很慢不一定是唯一原因,子光束的相位不同才是直接原因,故错误。因此D选项正确。

34.事实细节题。根据第五段第二、三句Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.(菲尔德博士想知道,如果使用他的新方法,癌症期间发生的变化是否会显现出来。他们在细胞的核仁中找到了。这里是制造蛋白质工厂成分的地方。),可知通过细胞核仁可以诊断癌症,所以C选项“检查核仁折光指数的变化”正确。A选项“检测蛋白质工厂成分的折射率变化”:文中指的是制造蛋白质工厂成分的核仁,而不是这些成分,故错误。B选项“发现子宫颈癌细胞某些部位的折光指数变化”和D选项“识别部分癌细胞核仁的折光指数的变化”中不是观察癌细胞的核仁,故错误。因此C选项正确。

35.主旨大意题。本文主要在讲通过层析相显微术观察透明细胞,包括原理和运用,所以B选项“观察透明物的新技术”正确。根据A选项“透明细胞的图像”,C选项“透明细胞的折射率”和D选项“检测癌细胞的新方法”不能概括全文,故错误。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Eventoday,whenairandroadtravelhasmadeAfricasoreadilyaccessibletoEuropeansandAmericans,thereareinnumerableaspectsofAfricanlifewhichtendtotakeonebysurprise.Theunfamiliarlieshiddeneverywhere,andthepresenceofWesterncultureseemsmerelytoemphasizethisunfamiliarity.Basically,theessenceofourreac¬tiontothestrange,theunfamiliar,isasenseoffear.Everycountrycontainslandscapesthatarouseunease—whetheritbesomeremoteAlpinevalley,thewildlavenderfieldsofUpperProvince,oralonelyNorwegianfjordattwilight.ButinmyownexperienceWestAfricacontainsmoreweirdandeerieregions—rain-forest,mangroveswamp,parchedplainsofredearth—thananyotherplacethatIhaveseen.Itisnotonlyintheforeignerthattheselandscapesevokefear.AlargepartofalloldAfricanreligionsisdevotedtosoothingtheunknownandtheunseen—evilspiritswhichliveinaparticulartreeoraparticularrock,athousandvarietiesofghostsandwitches,theever-presentspiritsofdeadancestorsorrelatives.IhavemyselfbeenkeptawakeatnightinCalabarbyafriendfromLagoswhowascon¬vincedthatthewitchesoftheeastwereouttogethim,orthathewasabouttobekidnappedandeaten.DuringfourandahalfhoursinacanoealongthecreeksoftheNigerdella,glidingoverthestillandcolorlesswaterbeneathanequallystillandcolorlessbutburningsky,I,too,haveexperiencedasenseoffear,oratleastasenseofawe.Ex¬ceptforthetickingofthelittleoutboardenginethesilencewascomplete.Oneitherhandstretchedthesilver-whiteswampsofmangrove,seeming,withtheirawkwardexposedroots,tobestandingknee-deepinthewater.Wherethecreeknarrowedyoucouldpeerdeepintothesethicketsofmangroves—vistassecret,interminableandsomehowmeaningless.Therewasnosignoflifeexceptfortheshrillscreechofsomeunseenbird.

IwasonmywaytotheancientslavingportofBonny,whichwereachedinlateafternoon.Scramblingupsomederelictstonesteps(slitherywithslimeandwhichhadmanagedtodetachthemselvesfromthelanding-stagesothatyouhadtojumpatwo-footgaptoreachwetland),1foundmyselfinanareaofblackmudandtumbledblocksofstone.

1.TherearefeaturesofWesternculturewhicharepresentinWestAfrica().

2.AlotoftheoldAfricanreligionhastodowith()

3.Theauthorwaskeptawakeby().

4.“Mangrove”means()

问题1选项

A.ThisfactmakesiteasiertoaccepttheunfamiliarityofWestAfrica,

B.ThisfactmakesWestAfricaseemevenstranger.

C.ThisfactmakesnodifferencetoourreactiontoWestAfrica.

D.Thisfacthasbeengreatlyoveremphasized.

问题2选项

A.kidnappingpeople

B.keepingthespiritsawake

C.humansacrifice

D.keepingthespiritshappy

问题3选项

A.aghost

B.hisfriend

C.thewitches

D.eeriefeelings

问题4选项

A.asortofbird

B.asortofman

C.asortoftree

D.asortofanimal

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.根据文章第一段第二句,“thepresenceofWesterncultureseemsmerelytoemphasizethisunfamiliarity”,推断出西非文化似乎表现出得更加陌生,选项B符合题意。

2.根据文章第一段第七句,“tosoothingtheunknownandtheunseen—evilspirits”,可推断一些宗教是为了抚慰那些未知的死去的灵魂。选项D符合题意。

3.根据文章第一段,“IhavemyselfbeenkeptawakeatnightinCalabarbyafriendfromLagos”,可推断我是因为朋友而不能入睡。选项B符合题意。

4.根据文章第一段,“withtheirawkwardexposedroots,tobestandingknee-deepinthewater.”句意:它们的根暴露出来,站立在齐膝深的水中。可推断出mangrove应该是一种树,选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Peoplearegettingabetterideaoftheneedtoprotect(

)propertyrights.

问题1选项

A.knowledge

B.intelligence

C.intellectual

D.learning

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。intellectualproperty意为“知识产权”。

句意:人们越来越了解到保护知识产权的必要性。

10.单选题

Theresultwouldbehigher-costimportsthatwouldrepresentataxontheAmericanconsumers-ataxthatwould()purchasingpowerandwouldundoubtedlyconstrainUSeconomicgrowth.

问题1选项

A.soothe

B.squeeze

C.stimulate

D.scramble

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。soothe“安慰,使平和”;squeeze“挤,握紧”;stimulate“刺激”;scramble“抢夺,争夺”。句意:其结果将是更高的进口成本,这将意味着对美国消费者征税,最终会降低购买能力,毫无疑问会限制美国经济发展。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

M:Well,whatdidyouthinkofMr.Brokaw’sspeech?

W:IguessitwasOK,butIwasofteninthedarkinmorewaysthanone!

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

问题1选项

A.Thespeechwasgivenintheevening.

B.Thewomandidn’tquiteunderstandthespeech.

C.Thewomanwassomewhatinadarkplace.

D.Thewomancouldn’the

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