考研考博-英语-天门职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天门职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Alineinasongasks,“Doesanyonereallyknowwhattimeitis?”Thisquestioncouldeasilyapplytocalendars!Didyouknowthatourideasabouttimeareaffectedbyreligion?Differentfaithsusedifferenttypesofcalendarstomeasuretime.

Oddstructures,suchasStonehengeinEngland,mayhavebeenusedtomeasuretimelongago.Theseancientrocksstandinacirclelikelarge,grayLegos.Somepeoplethinkthattherocksrelatetothepositionofthesun.Nooneknowshowpeoplemovedthemintothisinformation,butitwasprobablyalotofwork.Ifitwasacalendar,itsurewasabigone!TheAztecsalsohadarockcalendarthatwasrelatedtothesun.TheyhadaSunStonethatshowedtheirsungodinthecenter.

Thecalendaryouareprobablymostfamiliarisalsobasedonthesun.ThepowerfulRomanEmperor,JuliusCaesar,firstadoptedthesolarcalendarin46B.C.Thecycleoftheyearinasolarcalendarismeasuredfromoneequinoxtothenext.Asolarcalendarhastobeadjustedeverysooftentokeepintimewiththesun.In1582,PopeGregoryXHfirstauthorizedtakingafewdaysoutofeveryyearforthepurposeofadjustingthecalendar.Peopledidn’tlikethisonebitbecausetheythoughttheywerelosingtime!IttookcenturiesforEuropeanstogetusedtothisconcept.

Eventually,asystemwasworkedouttoaddasingledaytothecalendareveryfouryears.Soitwassynchronizedwiththeseasons.Theextradaymadeeveryfourthyear366dayslong.Thesespecialyearsarecalledleapyears,andwecalledtheextradaytothemonthofFebruary.IfyouknowsomeonewhosebirthdayisFebruary29,youknowthatheorshewasborninaleapyear.ThiscalendariscalledtheGregoriancalendar,anditisusedintheUnitedStatesandotherChristiancountries.

Muslimsuseadifferentkindofcalendar.Theirlunarcalendarisbasedonthecyclesofthemoon,anditiscompletelydifferentthanasolarone.AccordingtotheMuslimholybook,theKoran,Allahsaid,“Truly,twelvemonthsisthenumberofthemonthswithGod,accordingtotheGod’sBook,eversinceHecreatedheavenandEarth.”AnewMuslimmonthdoesnotstartuntiltworeliablewitnesseshaveseenthenewmoon.MuslimfamiliesoftentakewalksintheeveningtofindthefirstyellowsliceofthenewmoontostartRamadan,theirmonth-longfast.

1.Accordingtotheauthorofthearticle,（）hasinfluencedourwayofmeasuringthetime.

2.Weknowfromthearticlethat（）calendarisbasedonthecycleofthemoon.

3.FromthearticlewecaninferthatRamadanisaMuslimfestival,whichlastsfor（）.

4.Theverb“synchronize”（Line1,Paragraph4）probablymeans（）.

5.Thecalendarthatmostpeoplearefamiliarwithwasfirstadoptedby（）.

问题1选项

A.theuniverse

B.thePope

C.religion

D.nature

问题2选项

A.Gregorian

B.solar

C.Christian

D.lunar

问题3选项

A.onemonth

B.oneweek

C.fourdays

D.twentyfivedays

问题4选项

A.tocausetooccurfourdayslater

B.tocausetohappenfourdaysearlier

C.tohappenbeforehandorafterwards

D.tocausetohappenatthesametime

问题5选项

A.theChristian

B.thePope

C.JuliusCaesar

D.theMuslims

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句“Differentfaithsusedifferenttypesofcalendarstomeasuretime.”不同信仰的人使用不同类型的日历来计算时间。信仰和宗教相关，所以选项C正确。

2.事实细节题。根据最后一段第二句“Theirlunarcalendarisbasedonthecyclesofthemoon...”他们的农历是以月亮的周期为基础的。选项D正确。

3.事实细节题。根据最后一段最后一句“MuslimfamiliesoftentakewalksintheeveningtofindthefirstyellowsliceofthenewmoontostartRamadan,theirmonth-longfast.”穆斯林家庭经常在晚上散步，以寻找第一弯黄月牙，开始长达一个月的斋月。选项A正确。

4.词义推断题。根据第四段的内容可知，最终，一个系统被设计出来，每四年在日历上增加一天。目的是为了保证日期与季节能够保持同步，所以选项D符合句意。

5.事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“ThepowerfulRomanEmperor,JuliusCaesar,firstadoptedthesolarcalendarin46B.C.”可知选项C正确。

2.单选题

Sheisavery（

）student.She’salwaystalkingabouttravelingtoouterspace.

问题1选项

A.imaginary

B.imaginative

C.imaginable

D.imagining

【答案】B

【解析】考查形似形容词词义辨析。imaginary“虚构的，假想的”；imaginative“富于想象的，有创造力的”；imaginable“可能的，可想象的”；imagining是image的动名词形式。句意：她是一个富有想象力的学生。她总是谈论关于在外太空漫游的事。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli,especiallyinthetwocenturiesfollowinghisdeath.Buthehassincefoundmanyablechampionsandthetidehasturned.Theprincehasbeentermedamanualfortyrants,theeffectofwhichhasbeenmostharmful.ButwereMachiavelli’sdoctrinesreallynew?Didhediscoverthem?Hemerelyhadthefranknessandcouragetowritedownwhateverybodywasthinkingandwhateverybodyknew.Hemerelygivesustheimpressionshehadreceivedfromalongandintimateintercoursewithprincesandtheaffairsofstate.ItwasLordBaconwhosaidthatMachiavellitellsuswhatprincesdo,notwhattheyoughttodo.WhenMachiavellitakesCaesarBorgiaasamodel,hedoesnotpraisehimasaheroatall,butmerelyasaprincewhowascapableofattainingtheendinview.Thelifeofthestatewastheprimaryobject.Itmustbemaintained.AndMachiavellihaslaiddowntheprinciples,baseduponhisstudyandwideexperience,bywhichthismaybeaccomplished.Hewrotefromtheviewpointofthepolitician—notofthemoralist.Whatisgoodpoliticsmaybebadmorals,andinfact,byastrangefatality,wheremoralsandpoliticsclash,thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand.AndwillanyonecontendthattheprinciplessetforthbyMachiavelliinhisPrinceorhisDiscourseshaveentirelyperishedfromtheearth?Hasdiplomacybeenentirelystrippedoffraudandduplicity?LetanyonereadthefamouseighteenthchapterofThePrince:“InwhatMannerPrincesshouldKeeptheirFaith.”andhewillbeconvincedthatwhatwastruenearlyfourhundredyearsago,isquiteastruetoday.

OftheremainingworksofMachiavellithemostimportantistheHistoryofFlorencewrittenbetween1521and1525,anddedicatedtoClementVII.ThisbookismerelyarapidreviewoftheMiddleAges,andaspartofitthehistoryofFlorence.Machiavelli’smethodhasbeencriticizedforadheringattimestoocloselytothechroniclersofhistime,andatothersrejectingtheirtestimonywithoutapparentreason,whileinitsdetailstheauthorityofhisHistoryisoftenquestionable.Itisthestraightforward,logicalnarrative,whichalwaysholdstheinterestofthereader,thatisthegreatestcharmoftheHistory.

36.Itcanbeinferredfromthebeginningofthetextthat______.

37.LordBacon’sremarksonMachiavelliisquotedas______.

38.InthecaseofCaesarBorgiatheauthorholdsthat______.

39.Accordingtotheauthor,apolitician’smorality______.

40.Theauthor’sopiniononMachiavelli’sHistoryofFlorenceisthat______.

问题1选项

A.manypeopleusedtothinkhighlyofMachiavelli

B.Machiavellihadbeenveryinfluentialamongtherulers

C.Machiavelliwaswidelyreadamonghiscontemporaries

D.Machiavellihasbeenatargetofcriticismthroughouthistory

问题2选项

A.asupportfortheauthor’sviewpoint

B.oneofthemainstreamviewonhim

C.ajudgmentinsupportofmostcritics

D.amodificationoftheauthor’spreviousstarts

问题3选项

A.Machiavellihasbeenobjective

B.Machiavellirevealedhispersonality

C.CaesarBorgiawasadeservedmodel

D.MachiavelliovervaluedCaesarBorgia

问题4选项

A.isnomatchforhispoliticalambition

B.hasbeenundervaluedbyMachiavelliandhislikes

C.isusuallyofsecondaryimportance

D.shouldbetakenasayardstickofhisinability

问题5选项

A.historyhasmuchtodowiththepersonwhorecordsit

B.thecharmliesinthestyleratherthaninthecontent

C.mostpeoplefailedtoreadMachiavelli’sintentioninit

D.anyhistoryofthiskindshouldbewritteninthisway

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】36.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli,especiallyinthetwocenturiesfollowinghisdeath.（没人比马基雅维利所遭受的批判更严酷了，尤其是在他死后的两个世纪以内。），说明马基雅维利在历史上一直都是人们批判的对象。因此D选项“马基雅维利在历史上一直是被批判的对象”正确。A选项“过去很多人对马基雅维利的评价很高”，B选项“马基雅维利在统治者中的影响很大”，C选项“马基雅维利在同时代人中阅读量很大”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，C错误。

37.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。作者在说明马基雅维利一直受到严厉批判后指出Buthehassincefoundmanyablechampionsandthetidehasturned.（但是，他从此铸造了许多能干的斗士，潮流也从此逆转了。），接着说《君主论》成了暴君的指南，后果极其有害。然后，作者提出了两个问题并进行了回答，提出了自己的观点：马基雅维利的观点并非独创，他只是将自己的印象记录下来，敢于将大家都知道的东西写下来而已。接着引用培根的话ItwasLordBaconwhosaidthatMachiavellitellsuswhatprincesdo,notwhattheyoughttodo.（马基雅维利告诉我们君主所做的事，而不是他们应该做的事。），说明马基雅维利只是告诉人们君主所做的事情，而非君主应当如何去做。这和作者的观点是一致的，作者引用的目的是为了支持自己的观点。因此A选项“是对作者观点的支持”正确。B选项“对他的主流观点之一”，C选项“支持大多数批评者的判断”，D选项“对作者上文的开头进行了修改”均不符合作者的行文逻辑，所以B，C，D错误。

38.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】观点态度题。在第一段中作者举了凯撒•博鲁吉亚的例子，说明hedoesnotpraisehimasaheroatall,butmerelyasaprincewhowascapableofattainingtheendinview.（他完全没有把他赞美成英雄，而是仅仅说他作为一个君主，能够达到自己想要的目的。），“英雄”是主观看法，“君主”是客观事实，说明作者认为马基雅维利是客观记述而不是主观判断。所以A选项“马基雅维利的观点是客观的”正确。B选项“马基雅维利揭示了自己的个性”，C选项“凯撒•博鲁吉亚是当之无愧的楷模”，D选项“马基雅维利高估了凯撒•博鲁吉亚的价值”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

39.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段倒数第四句Whatisgoodpoliticsmaybebadmorals,andinfact,byastrangefatality,wheremoralsandpoliticsclash,thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand.（政治上的好事从道德方面看可能是坏事，事实上很奇怪的是，当道德和政治发生冲突时，往往后者会占据上风。），说明政治家往往会认为政治比道德更重要。因此C选项“道德通常是次要的”正确。A选项“与他的政治野心不相称”，B选项“被马基雅维利及其同类人低估了价值”，D选项“应作为衡量他是否有能力的标准”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，D错误。

40.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Itisthestraightforward,logicalnarrative,whichalwaysholdstheinterestofthereader,thatisthegreatestcharmoftheHistory.（它直接的、有逻辑的叙述常常能引起读者的兴趣，这就是他这本书的魅力所在。），说明作者认为这本书的魅力之处在于它的叙述风格。因此B选项“魅力在于风格而不在于内容”正确。A选项“历史与记录历史的人有很大的关系”，C选项“大多数人没有读懂马基雅维利在其中的意图”，D选项“任何这类历史都应该这样写”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

4.单选题

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.

2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause

（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain

（

）.

4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

问题2选项

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

问题3选项

A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed

D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

问题4选项

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

问题5选项

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-medication

D.Self-treatment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.考察推理判断。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶尔的自我治疗已经成了人们正常生活中的一部分，接下来又提到了由于近百年来科学技术的发展，使得制药跟买药的现象越来越普遍，这些都是说明自我治疗已经有一段很长的历史了。选项A符合题意。

2.考察推理判断。文章第三段倒数第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到广告人将目标定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因为得这些小毛病的人都愿意在短时间内自行买药治疗，选项B符合题意。

3.考察细节事实。文章第二段提到科技进步带动了医学的进步，但是医学进步又产生了两个不利的影响，一是各种医药广告盛行甚至导致过度服用药物，二是久坐不动的现象越发严重，人们不爱运动、过度饮食、抽烟等各种不好的生活习惯。文章第三段主要讲述了聪明的广告人针对有需要的人打广告。这两段讲述了由于生活习惯，由于广告的影响，人们愿意去买药物自行治疗。选项C符合题意。

4.考察细节事实。文章第四段主要讲述了自我治疗是否会导致情况更遭：Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought，列举出了很多情况，比如购买的药物可能有不恰当的成分、使用者会依赖这些药物、使用者可能过去食用等等。选项D符合题意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段讲述了自我治疗的历史；第二段讲述了自我治疗出现的原因；第三段讲述了广告商对自我治疗产生的影响；第四段讲述了自我治疗有可能会引发的问题。由此可知，全文都是在讲述自我治疗。选项C符合题意。

5.不定项选择题

Adulteducationisthepracticeofteachingandeducatingadults.Thisisoftendoneintheworkplace,or_1_“continuingeducation”coursesatsecondaryschools,oratacollegeoruniversity.

Educatingadultsdiffersfromeducating_2_inseveralways.Oneofthemostimportant_3_isthatadultshavegainedknowledgeandexperienceswhichcan_4_addvaluetoalearningexperienceorinterferewithit.

Anotherimportantdifferenceisthatadultsmustfrequentlyapplytheirknowledgeinsome_5_fashioninordertolearneffectively;theremustbea_6_andareasonableexpectationthatthenewknowledgewillhelpthemfurtherthatgoal.Oneexample,_7_inthe1990s,wasthespreadofcomputertrainingcoursesin_8_adults,mostofthemofficeworkers,couldenroll.Thesecoursewouldteachbasicuseoftheoperatingsystemor_9_applicationsoftware.BecausetheskillsrequiredtointeractwithaPCweresonew,manypeoplewhohadbeenworkingwhite-collarjobsfortenyearsormoreeventuallytooksuchtrainingcourses,eitheroftheirownwill,togaincomputerskillsandthusearnhigherpay,or_10_oftheirbosses.

问题1选项

A.by

B.from

C.on

D.through

问题2选项

A.children

B.students

C.workers

D.employees

问题3选项

A.signs

B.features

C.differences

D.practices

问题4选项

A.either

B.neither

C.both

D.so

问题5选项

A.probable

B.practical

C.modern

D.routine

问题6选项

A.plan

B.prospect

C.goal

D.possibility

问题7选项

A.normal

B.common

C.regular

D.profitable

问题8选项

A.that

B.which

C.those

D.whose

问题9选项

A.specific

B.special

C.spectacled

D.spectacular

问题10选项

A.withthecost

B.inthecase

C.forthesake

D.attherequest

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:D

【解析】第1题:考查介词辨析。句意：这通常是在工作中完成，或（）初中，大学的“继续教育”课程中完成。根据文章句意，可以把B选项from和C选项排除；A选项by和D选项through虽然都有“凭借、通过”的意思，但by表示方式、手段或借助某种工具，through侧重经历某过程。因此答案选A。

第2题:考查上下文语义。A选项“孩子”；B选项“学生”；C选项“工人”；D选项“员工”。句意：成人教育在几个方面不同于（）教育。这句话的主语是adult（成人），与adult对应的是children，所以答案选A。

第3题:考查上下文语义。A选项“信号”；B选项“特征”；C选项“不同”；D选项“实践，惯例”。上文中说到Educatingadultsdiffersfromeducating()inseveralways.（成人教育在几个方面不同于（）教育）从关键词differsfrom（不同）可知，此空格选C。

第4题:考查固定搭配。句意：这可以（）增加价值的学习经验或干扰它。whichcan()addvaluetoalearningexperienceorinterferewithit.A选项either“两者中的任何一个”；B选项neither“两者都不”；C选项both“都”；D选项so“如此”。这句话后面有个连接词or，而能和or搭配的只有either，所以答案选A。

第5题:考查上下文语义。A选项“很可能”；B选项“实际上”；C选项“现代的”；D选项“常规的”。句意：另一个重要的区别是为了学得有效率，成年人必须经常把这些知识运用在（）方面上。根据句意B选项最合适。

第6题:考查上下文语义。A选项“计划”；B选项prospect“预期”；C选项“目标”；D选项“可能性”。句意：必须有一个（）以及一个合理的期望能够让新知识帮助他们进一步实现这个目标。本句中空格后一句出现了thatgoal，that在这是特指代词，指文章中出现过的一个目标，但是前文中没有出现goal或者其同义词，所以答案选C。

第7题:考查形容词辨析。A选项“典型的；正常的；一般的”；B选项“常见的；通常的；普遍的”；C选项“有规律的，经常的”；D选项“有利可图的”。句意：有个例子，（）20世纪90年代，就是电脑的流行……。根据句意，文章要表达的意思是在1990年成人电脑课程很流行。因为流行所以报班的现象会很普遍，所以答案选B。选A选项的话会暗含一种成人报电脑班在1990年很正常，但是现在就不那么正常了的意思。

第8题:考查定语从句关系词。句意：在20世纪90年代，很普遍的一个例子是计算机培训课程流行于成年中，这些成年人大多数是办公室职员可以参加这种课程。整个句子中有两套主谓结构，即examples+wasthespreadof和adults+enroll，两个句子没有连词，所以我们知道这题考查的知识点是从句，而且是定语从句。those不能引导从句，所以排除C；在定语从句中，关系代词前面有介词时我们不能用that只能用which，而whose前面也不能放介词，所以答案选B选项which。

第9题:考查名词辨析。A选项“特定的”；B选项“特殊的”；C选项“戴了眼镜的”；D选项“壮观的”。Thesecoursewouldteachbasicuseoftheoperatingsystemor()applicationsoftware.（这些课程将教授基础的操作系统的使用或（）应用软件的基本用法）。根据句子意思排除C，D选项，而且根据空格前面的关键词basic，可以推测后面应该用basic的对应词是specific，而不是special，所以答案选A。

第10题:考查短语辨析。A选项withthecost没有这种搭配；B选项“至于，在……的情况下”；C选项“为了……的利益”；D选项“应……的要求”。句意：要么就是为了自己想要学习电脑技能或者取得更高报酬的愿望，要么就是他们老板的（）。根据句意C，D排除；本句表示因为什么原因上班族想要上电脑班，为了老板的利益去报班和在老板的要求下去报班之间，显然是后者更符合逻辑，所以答案选D。

6.翻译题

Considerthesurveyevidence,whichshowsthatwhilemostAmericanswanttohavebothscienceandreligionintheirlives,they’llonlygosofartopreservetheformerattheexpenseofthelatter.

【答案】根据调查证据思考发现，尽管许多人在他们的生命里都想拥有科学和宗教，但是目前他们只会保留前者，而以后者为代价。

7.写作题

Directions:ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthefollowingtopicOnPayingbackstudentLoans.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.

1.现今，在高校通过助学贷款完成学业的学生越来越多。

2.但是有些学生毕业后没有能力或拒绝按时还贷。

3.你认为贷款的学生应如何对待还贷问题。

【答案】略

8.翻译题

Mydictionarydefineshappyas“lucky”or“fortunate”,butIthinkabetterdefinitionofhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment.”Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromlovingandbeingloved,thecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,evengoodhealth.

Iaddedupmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirsttherewassheerblisswhenIshutthelastlunchboxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.Whenthekidscamehome,Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequirtoftheday.Later,peacedescendedagain,andmyhusbandandIenjoyedanotherpleasure—intimacy.Sometimesjusttheknowledgethathewantsmecanbringmejoy.

【答案】

我的字典把幸福定义为“幸运”或“好运”。但是我想幸福更好的定义是“享受的能力”。我们越能享受所拥有的一切，我们就越快乐。我们很容易忽视从爱与被爱、朋友的陪伴、住在想住的地方的自由，甚至健康的身体中获得的快乐。

我总结一下我昨天的幸福时刻：首先是我合上最后一个午餐饭盒，独自在家时，我感到无比幸福；然后过了一个写作不受干扰的上午，这令我愉快；等到孩子们回家，我享受安静的一天过后他们吵闹的声音。不久，宁静再次降临，我和丈夫享受另一种快乐——亲密。有时候，只要想到他需要我，就能给我带来快乐。

9.单选题

“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon,”opinedPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedobscure—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging(FMRI)toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrybumpkinswhentheyareunderstress.

InDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sfirstexperiment,participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheyweredoomedtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25%-40%).Tomaketheexperiencestillmorehumiliating,theteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphones,allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress,suchashighbloodpressure.

Theurbanites’generalmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheirprovincialcounterparts.However,theirbrainsdealtwiththestressimposedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions:theamygdalasandtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(PACC).Theamygdalasareapairofstructures,oneineachcerebralhemisphere,thatarefounddeepinsidethebrainandareresponsibleforassessingthreatsandgeneratingtheemotionoffear.ThePACCispartofthecerebralcortex(again,foundinbothhemispheres)thatregulatestheamygdalas.

Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.Notthatsurprising,tothoseofaShelleyesquedisposition.InthecaseofthePACC,however,whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow,butwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.

Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhereasthePACCisprogrammedearlyon,anddoesnotreactinthesame,flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight,though,beexpectedtobecorrelatedwithchangesintheamygdalas,becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.FMRIallowssuchcorrelationstobemeasured.

Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside,regardlessofwheretheynowlive,thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.Furtherevidence,then,forShelley’spointofview.Moreover,itisalsoknownthatthePACC-amygdalalinkisoftenoutofkilterinschizophrenia,andthatschizophreniaismorecommonamongcitydwellersthancountryfolk.Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergiscarefulnottoclaimthathisresultsshowthecauseofthisconnection.Buttheymight.

Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralsubsequentexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheymentallyrotatedanobject—whileinvestigatorschidedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers,whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthePACC,suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentalexertion.

Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmall(andthereforenotasrobustasmightbedesirable)andtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.Thatassociationis,nevertheless,interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits,butDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.

16.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

17.WhydoestheauthormentionShelly’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?

18.“outofkilter”(Paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningwith________.

19.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthefindingsofthestudy?

20.Whichofthefollowingisamongthelimitationsofthestudymentionedinthetext?

问题1选项

A.Whythecityisnotasuitableplacetolive.

B.Howtodetecttheinnerworkingofpeopledealingwithstress.

C.Howurbanandruralresidentsdifferintermsofmentalmechanism.

D.Whycitydwellerssufferahigherriskofmooddisorderthancountrymen.

问题2选项

A.ToexpresshisaversiontobigcitieslikeLondon.

B.Tointroducethefollowingdiscussionabouturbanandruraldwellers.

C.Toshowhisfamiliaritywithliteraryworks.

D.Toindicatetheoriginofdifferencesobservedbetweenthecityandcountryside.

问题3选项

A.unexpected

B.outofcontrol

C.ill-informed

D.contradictory

问题4选项

A.CitydwellershadthehighestlevelofPACCactivityintimeofpressure.

B.Theplacewheretheparticipantswerebroughtupmattersmoreinpredictingtheirmentalactivity.

C.Ruralresidentshadthelowestlevelsofamygdalasactivitywhenconfrontedwithstress.

D.TheregulatorymechanismofPACCfailsamongpeoplewhonowliveinthecity.

问题5选项

A.Thescanningtechniqueusedtoexaminethebrains.

B.Therandomnessofchoosingparticipants.

C.Itsinadequatedesignofmathproblemsthattheparticipantsareaskedtosolve.

D.Itsinabilitytoclaimacausalrelationshipbetweensocialstressandmental.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】16.主旨大意题。文章开头引出城乡居民在患心理疾病上的差异，随后抛出实验来阐述城乡居民在生理和心理的不同，所以C选项“城乡居民心理机制的差异”正确。A选项“为什么城市不适合居住”：文章没有讨论这个话题，故错误。B选项“如何发现应对压力的人的内心活动”和D选项“为什么城市居民比乡村居民患情绪障碍的风险更高”：是文章内容的一部分，不能概括全文，故错误。因此C项正确。

17.推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.（现代学者同意这个观点。去年，荷兰研究人员发现，城市居民患焦虑症的风险比平静的农村居民高21%，患情感障碍的风险比乡村居民高39%。），引用雪莱的话以后，紧接着提出城乡居民在患精神类疾病风险的不同，所以B选项“引入以下关于城市和农村居民的讨论”正确。A选项“表达对伦敦这样的大城市的厌恶”和C选项“显示对文学作品的了解”：不是文章想要表达的重点，故错误。D选项“指出城市和农村差异的起因”：这里不能得出城乡差异的起因，故错误。因此B选项正确。

18.语义推测题。outofkilter的意思是“失常，失衡”，根据第六段Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside…thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.（对于那些在农村长大的人来说，这种相关性在意料之中。然而，对于那些在城市长大的人来说，这种相关性就不存在了。换句话说，土生土长的都市人的调节机制似乎失衡了。），对于生长在农村的人来说，这种相关性可以预料，也就是有规律可循，处于正常的状态，而对于生长在城市的人来说，这种相关性已经消失，也就是说不是正常该有的状态，所以B选项“失控的”正确。A选项“想不到的”，C选项“所知不多的”和D选项“矛盾的”不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。

19.推理判断