考研考博-英语-安徽现代信息工程职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽现代信息工程职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

AccordingtothetraditionalChineselunarcalendar,we’llofficiallywelcometheYearoftheHorsefollowingthearrivalofSpringFestival.

Thehorsehasplayedanimportantrotethroughouthumanhistoryallovertheworld.Horseswereusedforthousandsofyearsasameansoftransport,aweaponofwarandaplougheroffields,butthehorsewasmorethanjustavehicle—ithadmorecharacterthanacar,atankoratractor.IntheMiddleAgesinWesternsocieties,thehorsewasasymbolofchivalry（骑士精神）andnobility.Infact,theword‘‘chivalry’，coinesfrom“cheval”inOldFrench,whichmeanthorse.Theideaofchivalryhelpedtofashionthe19th-centuryconceptofthe“gentleman”，whichwasrelatedtocourtesy,courageandloyaltytofriends.Nowadays,becauseofeconomicdevelopment,peopleinModemsocietiesarelesslikelytoseeorridehorses.Peoplelivingincities,inparticular,hardlyeverexperiencehorsesexceptthroughmovies,paintingsorbooks.

Besidestheirphysicalstrengths,horseshavepowerfulbrains.Maybethat’swhytheChineseidiomsays:“Anoldhorsenevergetslost”.Sincethehorseishonoredasasymbolofvigor,loyalty,persistenceandintelligence,peoplebomintheYearoftheHorsearesaidtosharesuchgoodqualities.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

中国作为文明古国，同样有着辉煌的城市发展史。中国的城市也具有自身特色。改革开放30多年来，中国工业化、城镇化(urbanization)步伐明显加快，城镇居民从1.7亿人增加到近7亿人，形成了一批有重要影响与发展活力的城市群，促进了经济发展和社会进步。城市化对经济、社会、文化都有巨大而深远的影响。面向未来，中国致力于推动科学发展，加快转变经济发展方式，把城镇化作为现代化建设的重大战略。

【答案】A.

按照中国农历，随着春节的到来，我们将正式迎来马年。

在世界各国，马在人类历史上都扮演着举足轻重的角色。数千年来，马被用作运输工具、战争武器以及犁地农具。但其实，马不仅仅是一种交通工具，其地位要远超汽车、坦克和拖拉机。在中世纪的西方社会，马是骑士精神和贵族的象征。实际上，骑士精神chivalry—词来源于古法语中的“马(cheval)”。在骑士精祌的推动下，19世纪代表礼貌、勇气和真诚的“绅士粘祌”成为一种风尚。如今，随着经济的发展，现代社会的人很少看到马或骑马。尤其是城市中的人们，除了通过电影、绘画和书籍，几乎没有接触过马。

马除了健壮的体魄外，还拥有强大的头脑，这或许就是成语“老马识途”的由來吧。马是活力、忠诚、毅力和智慧的象征，因此传说属马之人也具备这些优良品质。

B.

China,acountrywithanancientcivilization,alsohasaproudhistoryofurbandevelopment.Chinesecitiesarealsouniqueintheirownways.Sincethelaunchingofreformandopening-upprogramover30yearsago,Chinahasquickenedthepaceofindustrializationandurbanization,withurbanpopulationincreasingfrom170milliontosome700million.Theemergenceofanumberofcityclusterswithstronginfluenceanddynamismfordevelopmenthasboostedeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Urbanizationhasatremendousandprofoundimpactoneconomy,societyandculture.Goingforward,Chinawillpursuedevelopmentinascientificway,accelerateshiftofthegrowthmodelandtakeurbanizationasanimportantstrategyforpromotingmodernization.

2.单选题

heflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement,（

）.

问题1选项

A.whichencouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

B.whichencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

C.encouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

D.thatencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本句考查非限制性定语从句。主句是Theflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement，后面which作为关系代词指代thefeministmovement，在从句中作为主语，意思是“女权运动鼓励女性去提高她们在就业市场的技能”，故正确答案选B。

3.单选题

AUCSFstudyhasrevealednewinformationabouthowthebraindirectsthebodytomakemovements.Thekeyfactoris“noise”inthebrain’ssignaling,andithelpsexplainwhyallmovementisnotcarriedoutwiththesamelevelofprecision.

Understandingwherenoisearisesinthebrainhasimplicationsforadvancingresearchinneuromotorcontrolandindevelopingtherapiesfordisorderswherecontrolisimpaired,suchasParkinson’sdisease.

Thenewstudywasdeveloped“tounderstandbrainmachinerybehindsuchcommonmovementsastyping,walkingthroughadoorwayorjustpointingatanobject,”saysStephenLisberger,PhD,seniorstudyinvestigatorwhoisdirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenterforIntegrativeNeuroscienceattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Studyco-investigatorsareLeslieC.Osborne,PhD,apostdoctoralfellowatUCSF,andWilliamBialek,PhD,professorofphysicsatPrincetonUniversity.

Thestudyfindings,reportedintheSeptember15issueofthejournalNature,arepartofongoingresearchbyLisbergerandcolleaguesontheneuralmechanismsthatallowthebraintolearnandmaintainskillsandbehavior.Thesebasicfunctionsarecarriedoutthroughthecoordinationofdifferentnervecellswithinthebrain’sneuralcircuits.“Tomakeamovement,thebraintakestheelectricalactivityofmanyneuronsandcombinesthemtomakemusclecontractions,”Lisbergerexplains.“Butthemovementsaren’talwaysperfect.Soweasked,whatgetsintheway?”Theanswer,hesays,is“noise”,whichisdefinedasthedifferencebetweenwhatisactuallyoccurringandwhatthebrainperceives.Heoffersmakingafoulshotinbasketballasanexample.Iftherewerenonoiseintheneuromotorsystem,aplayerwouldbeabletoperformthesamemotionoverandoverandnevermissashot.

“Understandinghownoiseisreducedtoveryprecisecommandshelpsusunderstandhowthosecommandsarecreated,”saysLisberger,whoalsoisaHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorandaUCSFprofessorofphysiology.

Inthestudy,theresearchteamfocusedonamovementthatallprimatesareveryskilledat:aneyemovementknownas“smoothpursuit”thatallowstheeyestotrackamovingtarget.Inaseriesofexerciseswithmonkeysinwhichtheanimalswouldtrackvisualtargets,theresearchersmeasuredneuralactivityandsmoothpursuiteyemovements.Fromthisdata,theteamanalyzedthedifferencebetweenhowaccuratelytheanimalsactuallytrackedamovingobjectandhowaccuratelythebrainperceivedthetrajectory.Findingsshowedthatboththesmoothpursuitsystemandthebrain’sperceptualsystemwerenearlyequal.

“Thisteachesusthattheseverydifferentneuralprocessesarelimitedtothesamedegreebythesamenoisesources,”saysLisberger.“Anditshowsthatbothprocessesareverygoodatreducingnoise.”Heconcludes,“Becausethebrainisnoisy,ourmotorsystemsdon’talwaysdowhatittellsusto.Makingprecisemovementsinthefaceofthisnoiseisachallenge.”

1.Ofthefollowingmovementsinstructedbythebrain,whichoneisNOTmentionedinthearticle?

2.Howdoesthebraindirectabodymovement?

3.Howdoes“noise”affectabasketballplayer’sperformance?

4.Whichofthefollowingtitlesdoesn’tbelongtoStephenLisberger?

5.Thefindingsofthestudywithmonkeysshowthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Pointingatanobject.

B.Walkingthroughadoorway.

C.Jogging.

D.Typing.

问题2选项

A.Bysendingsignalstothemusclesdirectly.

B.Bycombiningtheelectricalactivityofneurons.

C.Bysendingnervecellstothemuscles.

D.Bycreatingdifferentnervecircuits.

问题3选项

A.Ithelpshimhitthetargeteverytime.

B.Itmakeshimaperfectplayer.

C.Itmakeshimmisstheshotsometimes.

D.Itallowshimtofollowthebraininstruction.

问题4选项

A.HowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigator.

B.DirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenter.

C.UCSFprofessorofphysiology.

D.ProfessorofphysicsatPrincetonUniversity.

问题5选项

A.theeyemovementisnotinfluencedbythenoise

B.theanimalscantrackamovingtargetaccurately

C.differentneuralprocessesarelimiteddifferentlybydifferentnoisesources

D.thesamenoisesourcescanequallyaffectdifferentneuralprocesses

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Thenewstudywasdeveloped“tounderstandbrainmachinerybehindsuchcommonmovementsastyping,walkingthroughadoorwayorjustpointingatanobject,”（新的研究是为了“了解打字、走过门口或只是指着一个物体等常见动作背后的大脑机制。”），所以A选项“指着一个物体”，B选项“走过门口”，D选项“打字”，均在文中有所提及，排除A，B，D。C选项“慢跑”在文中没有提及，所以选C。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第三句Tomakeamovement,thebraintakestheelectricalactivityofmanyneuronsandcombinesthemtomakemusclecontractions（大脑将许多神经元的电流活动结合起来，使肌肉收缩，从而做出动作），说明大脑是通过将神经元的电流活动结合起来指挥身体运动的。因此B选项“通过结合神经元的电流活动”正确。A选项“通过直接向肌肉发出信号”，C选项“通过向肌肉发送神经细胞”，D选项“通过建立不同的神经回路”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Iftherewerenonoiseintheneuromotorsystem,aplayerwouldbeabletoperformthesamemotionoverandoverandnevermissashot.（如果神经运动系统中没有噪音，球员就能反复做同一个动作，永远不会失误。），说明噪音会造成球员的失误。因此C选项“使他有时会失误”正确。A选项“能帮助他每次都命中目标”，B选项“使他成为一个完美的球员”，D选项“使他能听从大脑的指令”和原文表达的意思相反，所以A，B，D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句StephenLisberger,PhD,seniorstudyinvestigatorwhoisdirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenterforIntegrativeNeuroscienceattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.（斯蒂芬•里斯伯格博士，高级研究调查员，他是加州大学旧金山分校W.M.Keck综合神经科学中心的主任。），所以B选项“W.M.Keck中心主任”是斯蒂芬•里斯伯格的头衔，排除B。同时可以定位到文章第五段saysLisberger,whoalsoisaHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorandaUCSFprofessorofphysiology.（里斯伯格说，他也是霍华德休斯医学研究所的研究员和UCSF的生理学教授。），所以A选项“霍华德休斯医学研究所的研究员”，C选项“UCSF的生理学教授”是斯蒂芬•里斯伯格的头衔，排除A，C。D选项“普林斯顿大学物理学教授”，由原文可知这是威廉•比亚莱克博士的头衔，不符合题意，所以选D。

5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Thisteachesusthattheseverydifferentneuralprocessesarelimitedtothesamedegreebythesamenoisesources（这告诉我们，这些截然不同的神经过程在相同程度上受到相同噪声源的限制），说明相同噪声源会影响不同的神经过程。因此D选项“相同的噪声源可以同样影响不同的神经过程”正确。A选项“眼球运动不受噪声的影响”，B选项“动物能准确地跟踪移动的目标”，C选项“不同的神经过程受到不同噪声源的限制不同”和原文的表述不符，所以A，B，C错误。

4.单选题

Nowadayspopmusicsingersofforeigncountries（）tomostofouryouths.

问题1选项

A.attract

B.appreciation

C.appeal

D.approve

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项attract“吸引”；B选项appreciation“欣赏”；C选项appeal“呼吁，对……有吸引力”；D选项approve“批准，赞成”。句意：现在外国的流行音乐歌手对我们大多数年轻人很有吸引力。appealto“对……有吸引力”符合句意，A选项attract做及物动词时意思是“吸引，引起”，做不及物动词时意思是“吸引，有吸引力”，B、D选项不符句意。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

（）widespreadbeliefcockroacheswouldnottakeovertheworldiftherewerenoaroundtosteponthem.

问题1选项

A.Inviewof

B.Thanksto

C.Incaseof

D.Contraryto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:和广为流传的说法相反的是，蟑螂如果没有人在周围踩它们的话，根本不能占领世界。

考查短语辨析。Inviewof考虑到，由于；thanksto多亏；incaseof如果，万一；contraryto与……相反。因此D符合句意。

6.单选题

Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto（

）healthy.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.stay

C.maintain

D.reserve

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。preserve“保护，保存”；stay“保持”，可作系动词后接形容词作表语；maintain“维持”；reserve“预订，储备”。句意：专家说散步是保持健康的最好方法之一。因此选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

OakRidgeresidentsareencouragedtotheirunusedmedicineonSaturdayat（）OperationMedicineCabinet.

问题1选项

A.disposeof

B.deviatefrom

C.adhereto

D.adjustto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。disposeof处理，转让，解决；deviatefrom偏离，脱离；adhereto坚持，粘附；adjustto调节。句意：橡树岭居民被鼓励在周六处理他们医药箱中从未使用的药品。A项符合题意。

8.单选题

Themostusefulwayoflookingatamapisnotasapieceofpaper,butasarecordof（

）.

问题1选项

A.organizedgeographicalinformation

B.geographicalorganizedinformation

C.geographicallyorganizedinformation

D.organizedgeographicallyinformation

【答案】C

【解析】考查修饰关系。Organized是作定语修饰information,geographically修饰organized，选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Anycountryhasgoodreasontowantitscitizenstobeashealthyaspossible,sinceoneofitsgreatestresourcesisanactivepopulation.Nocountrywantsitspeopletosufferunnecessarilyfromillhealth.

Thiswasthekindofthinkingwhichledtotheintroductionofahealthserviceinmanycountries.InBritainthishasdevelopedintoa“WelfareState”inwhichallcitizens,richandpooralikecangetmosthealthtreatmentfree.Themoneyforthisispartiallyraisedbycontributionsfromemployersand

employees.

Asthreedecadeshaveshown,suchautomaticarrangementsarenotalwaysidealandthereareargumentsforandagainsttheHealthService.Thenumberofpatientstreatedeveryyearandthecostoftreatmentaremuchgreaterthanwasestimated.ThismeansthatthepeoplewhoworkfortheHealth

Service-doctors,nursesandotherhospitalstaff—havemuchmoreroutineworktodoandasaresulttheyhavelittletimeforpreventivemedicine.TheHealthServicedoesneedmorestaff—aneedthatcanonlybemetifmoremoneyismadeavailabletoit.

However,apowerfulargumentfortheHealthServiceisthatmanypeopleareabletoreceiveexpensivetreatmentwhichtheycouldneveraffordthemselves.Sometimesthisfreetreatmentisabusedandpeoplevisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.Becausetheyhavesomanypatients,

doctorscannotspendaslongwitheachoneastheywouldlike,andsomepeopleprefertopayforprivatetreatmentsothattheirdoctorscangivethemmoretime.Infact,somewealthypeoplefeelthattheyshouldpay,andsofreemoremoneyfortreatmenttoothers.

1.Intheauthor’sview,BritainisaWelfareStateinthat（）.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theauthormentionsthatsomewealthypeopleprefertopayforprivatetreatmentbecause（）.

5.Theword“abused”(Para.4)means（）.

问题1选项

A.allcitizensareentitledtoafreemedicaltreatmentinsomesense

B.poor,unliketherich,couldenjoyfreemedicaltreatment

C.healthserviceishighlydevelopedinBritain

D.Britaindoesn’tallowitspeopletosufferunnecessarilyfromillhealth

问题2选项

A.theHealthServiceisintroducedtomanyothercountriesbyBritain

B.theHealthServicehasbeenintroducedanddevelopedfor30yearsinBritain

C.anactivepopulationisthegreatestresourceinBritain

D.allcitizensinBritainhaveagoodopinionoftheHealthService

问题3选项

A.AWelfareState

B.ImportanceoftheHealthService

C.DisadvantagesoftheHealthService

D.TheHealthService

问题4选项

A.theirdoctorscangivethemmoretimeleavefromwork

B.thosedoctorshavebettermedicalinstruments

C.theymightsavesomemoneyforthepoor

D.theirdoctorshaveastrongersenseofresponsibilityforthepatients

问题5选项

A.destroyed

B.usedinwrongway

C.ignored

D.wasted

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“WelfareState”定位到第二段第二句“InBritainthishasdevelopedintoa'WelfareState'inwhichallcitizens,richandpooralikecangetmosthealthtreatmentfree.”所有公民，无论贫富，都可以免费获得大部分医疗服务。选项A符合原文。

2.细节推断题。选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；根据第三段的第一句“Asthreedecadeshaveshown,suchautomaticarrangementsarenotalwaysidealandthereareargumentsforandagainsttheHealthService.”threedecades意为30年；公众支持和反对卫生服务都有，并不都是好的评价；所以选项B符合原文，而选项D错误。

3.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲医疗服务的发展，其有利条件和不利条件，所以选项D更能概括全文，其他选项只是文中的片段。

4.细节推理题。根据关键词“wealthypeople”定位到最后一段的最后一句“Infact,somewealthypeoplefeelthattheyshouldpay,andsofreemoremoneyfortreatmenttoothers.”事实上，一些富人觉得他们应该付钱，这样就可以把多余的钱让给其他人治疗。选项C符合原文。

5.词汇推断题。根据第四段的第二句“Sometimesthisfreetreatmentisabusedandpeoplevisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.”有时这种免费治疗被滥用，有些人在不需要的时候也去看医生。由此可知他们是用了错误的方法，选项B符合原文。

10.单选题

IrecentlyconductedasurveytoseewhatpeoplethoughtandknewaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.IdidthisbybringingupthesubjectofMLKDayincasualconversationswithpeopleandgaugingtheirreaction.(Thesamplingwas23friends,colleagues,andstrangers;10Black,9White,3Hispanic,1Asian;4werebetweentheages42-35and19were34-20.)AllknewKingasthefamousblackcivilrightsleaderwhowaskilled,butfewknewmuchmore.Themajorityofpeopleunder30—regardlessofrace—knewlittlemore,infact.

HowisitthatJill(black,27,collegeeducated)didnotknowthatMLKwasaNobelPeacePrizerecipient?OrthatTim(white,31,collegeeducated)wascluelessaboutKing’snonviolentapproachtocivilrightsactivism?

Darlene(black,23)thoughtsheshouldhavethedayofftosleepin.ShehadnoideatheMLKdayisreallyaboutdoingsomethingtoinspireothers.

Whatisthepointofhavingadaytomarkthemanifwedonotunderstandthesignificanceofhislife?HowisitthatnotonlyoneofthegreatestAmericans,butoneofthemostinfluentialhumansinthehistoryofourplanetisnotbetterknowninthiscountry?HadKingbeenafootballplayeroramusician,hemayhaveregisteredbetterwiththepresentgeneration.

MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasmorethanjustaninspirationalblackleader.Hisdesireandabilitytoriseabovehisownfailingsandthoseoffellowhumansupliftedusall—boththosewhowerelivingatthetimeandthosewhohavecomeafter.Evenifwedonotknowit,ourworldisabetterplacebecauseofhislight.

Dr.King’slifewasextinguishedmorethan30yearsago,butnothislight.Itisstillhereforeachofustocarry,andtoilluminateevenbrighterwithourownuniquecreativityandcontributions.

MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasbornonJanuary15,1929inAtlanta,Georgia.AftergraduatingfromMorehouseCollegeandbecomingaminister,hemadehiswaytoMontgomery,Alabamain1954.Thiswasanimportantdecisionforitwasinthesamecitythat,onDecember1ofthefollowingyear,RosaParksrefusedtogiveupherbusseattoawhiteman.KingwaselectedpresidentoftheMontgomeryImprovementAssociationandledaboycottofMontgomerybusesthroughout1956,whichbroughthimnationalrecognition.

King’slegacyofnon-violentactivismwasinfluencedbytheteachingsofJesusandGandhi.KingreinforcedandexpandedhisBiblicalconvictionsduringavisittoIndiain1959,wherehestudiedGandhi’smethodsofnon-violentprotestsduringtheearly1960’s.

Agiftedorator,KingignitedtheworldandagenerationinthecauseforAmericancivilrightswithhis“IHaveaDream”speechonAug281963toacrowdof250000inWashington,D.C.

“Wemustforeverconductourstruggleonthehighplaneofdignityanddiscipline.Wemustnotallowourcreativeproteststodegenerateintophysicalviolence.Againandagainwemustrisetothemajesticheightsofmeetingphysicalforcewithsoulforce”...“Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident:thatallmenarecreatedequal.”...“Whenweletfreedomring,whenweletitringfromeveryvillageandeveryhamlet,fromeverystateandeverycity,wewillbeabletospeedupthatdaywhenallofGod’schildren,blackmenandwhitemen,JewsandGentiles,ProtestantsandCatholics,willbeabletojoinhandsandsinginthewordsoftheoldNegrospiritual,‘Freeatlast!Freeatlast!ThankGodAlmighty,wearefreeatlast!’”

Dr.KingreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizeandwasnamedTimemagazine’s“PersonoftheYear”in1964.InhisNobelPrizeacceptancespeech,hesaid,“Non-violenceistheanswertothecrucialpoliticalandmoralquestionsofourtime:theneedformantoovercomeoppressionandviolencewithoutresortingtooppressionandviolence.Manmustevolveforallhumanconflictsamethodwhichrejectsrevenge,aggressionandretaliation.Thefoundationofsuchamethodislove.”

Kingwasoneofthemostextraordinaryhumanstoevergraceourplanet.Hewasamanwhomethateandhopelesswithloveandinspiration.Heusednon-violencetopointouttheobscenityofviolence.

MartinLutherKingwasgunneddownattheLorraineMotelinMemphisonApril4,1968.Somecallitirony.Ichoosetothinkofitashisfinallessontous.

1.ThePurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassageisto（）.

2.“HadKingbeenafootballplayeroramusician,hemayhaveregisteredbetterwiththepresentgeneration.”(Para.4)canbebestinterpretedas“（）”.

3.AccordingtoDr.King,whatisthesolutiontomajorpoliticalandmoralproblems?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.istrue?

5.Theoveralltoneofthearticlecanbebestsummarizedas（）.

问题1选项

A.condemntheterroristactionofMartinLutherKing,Jr.'sassassination

B.honorMartinLutherKing,Jr.sinceMLKDayisdrawingnear

C.criticizethepresentgenerationsfortheirignoranceofDr.King

D.highlightthesignificanceofthebeliefsandspiritofDr.King

问题2选项

A.Kingisnotrememberedbythepresentgenerationasafootballplayeroramusician

B.ThepresentgenerationisignorantofKingwhogavehislifeforthepeoplesoftheworld

C.IfKinghadturnedtomusicorsportshewouldhavebeenmoresuccessful

D.ItismeaninglesstohaveadaytomarkKingsinceheisnotfamousenough

问题3选项

A.Non-violence.

B.Armedstruggle.

C.Violentactivism.

D.BelievinginGod.

问题4选项

A.HisNobelPrizeacceptancespeechwasthefamous“IHaveaDream”speech.

B.Hewasthefirstonewhoadoptedanon-violentapproachinpoliticalstruggle.

C.HehadafirmbeliefinGod,whichhelpedtoformhisnon-violentactivism.

D.Hewasnamed“PersonoftheYear”becauseofhis“IHaveaDream”speech.

问题5选项

A.emotional

B.furious

C.indifferent

D.matter-of-fact

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合文章内容可知,本文提到马丁•路德•金不仅仅是一位伟大的黑人领袖,更重要的是他的信念和精神一直鼓舞着人们。作者写这篇文章的目的不是为了谴责刺杀马丁•路德•金的恐怖主义和人们对他的无知，也不仅仅只是为了纪念他，最主要的还是强调其信念和精神的重要性，所以选项D正确。

2.推理判断题。这句话的意思是说“如果马丁•路德•金是一位足球员或者音乐家,他可能会被现在的人所记住。”潜在的意思就是说,马丁•路德•金没有被当代人所记住,由第三段也可以看出，所以选项B正确。

3.事实细节题。根据倒数第三段的第二句“Non-violenceistheanswertothecrucialpoliticalandmoralquestionsofourtime...”非暴力是我们这个时代解决政治和道德问题的关键。选项A符合原文。

4.细节判断题。本题可采用排除法。“我有一个梦想”不是马丁•路德•金获得诺贝尔奖发表的演讲，而是在引导美国民权运动时发表的，所以选项A错误；马丁•路德•金的非暴力行动主义是受耶稣和甘地教义的影响,由此可知他不是第一人,所以选项B错误,选项C表述正确;马丁•路德•金被评为“年度人物”不是由于他的演讲，而是因为他为人类的和平和发展做出的杰出贡献,所以选项D也不正确。只有选项C正确。

5.态度判断题。结合全文可知，作者只是客观的陈述事实，没有掺杂个人情感色彩。所以选项D正确。

11.单选题

Youwillhavetoworkhardto（

）

thetimeyoulost.

问题1选项

A.makeuseof

B.makeupfor

C.makewayof

D.makeroomfor

【答案】B

【解析】makeuseof利用；makeupfor弥补,补偿；makewayfor让路,为...开路；makeroomfor为...腾出空位。句意:你必须努力工作来弥补你失去的时间。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthe（）conditionforexpansionofmind.

问题1选项

A.indispensable

B.incredible

C.indefinite

D.incompatible

【答案】A

【解析】句意:众所周知，知识是拓展思维的必备条件。

考查形容词辨析。indispensable不可缺少的，必不可少的；incredible惊人的，不可思议的；indefinite无限期的，不明确的；incompatible不相容的，不匹配的。故A符合句意。

13.单选题

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

问题2选项

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

问题3选项

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

问题4选项

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

问题5选项

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpress