考研考博-英语-山东服装职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东服装职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Igotseverallengthyphonecallsfrom（

）employerswhowereveryinterestedinme.

问题1选项

A.prospective

B.rewarding

C.generous

D.monotonous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。prospective意为“预期的”；rewarding意为“值得的”；generous意为“慷慨的，大方的”；monotonous意为“单调乏味的”。

句意：我接到几个来自乏味雇主的冗长的电话，他们对我很感兴趣。

2.单选题

TheEnglishweatherdefiesforecastandhenceisasourceofinterestand______toeveryone.

问题1选项

A.speculation

B.attribution

C.utilization

D.proposition

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.speculation推测，猜测B.attribution归因，属性

C.utilization利用，使用D.proposition提议，建议（尤指业务上的）

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“英国的天气出乎预料，因此引起了大家的兴趣和______”可知，因为天气是难以预料的，所以这引起英国人的对天气的猜测，该题选择A项恰当。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】英国的天气出乎预料，因此引起了大家的兴趣和猜测。

3.单选题

Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike‘PaleolithicMan’,‘NeolithicMan’,etc.,neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:‘inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailways,ski-liftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.’

Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’s-eyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,inparticular,areforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Isitthelureofthegreatmotorways,orwhat?Andasforseatravel,ithardlydeservesmention.Hisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:‘Ijoinedthenavytoseetheworld,andwhatdidIsee?1sawthesea.’Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays‘I’vebeenthere.’Youmentiontheremotest,mostevocativeplace-namesintheworldlikeElDorado,Kabul,Irkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay‘I’vebeenthere’—meaning,‘Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.’

Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.

1.Anthropologistslabelnowadaysmen‘Legless’because（）.

2.Travelingathighspeedmeans（）.

3.Whydoestheauthorsay‘wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes’?

4.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?

5.Whatdoes‘abird’s-eyeview’mean?

问题1选项

A.peopleforgethowtousehislegs.

B.peopleprefercars,busesandtrains.

C.liftsandescalatorspreventpeoplefromwalking.

D.therearealotoftransportationdevices.

问题2选项

A.people’sfocusonthefuture.

B.apleasure.

C.satisfyingdrivers’greatthrill.

D.anecessityoflife.

问题3选项

A.Peoplewon’tusetheireyes.

B.Intravelingathighspeed,eyesbecomeuseless.

C.Peoplecan’tseeanythingonhiswayoftravel.

D.Peoplewanttosleepduringtraveling.

问题4选项

A.Legsbecomeweaker.

B.Modernmeansoftransportationmaketheworldasmallplace.

C.Thereisnoneedtouseeyes.

D.Thebestwaytotravelisonfoot.

问题5选项

A.Seeviewwithbird’seyes.

B.Abirdlooksatabeautifulview.

C.Itisageneralviewfromahighpositionlookingdown.

D.Ascenicplace.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第三、四句“Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:‘inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs….当人类学家将目光转向20世纪，他们肯定选择“无腿人”这个标签。这个时代的历史大概是这样的：在20世纪，人们已经忘记如何使用他们的腿….”后面具体举例来论证这个观点，比如人们坐车，乘电梯，坐电缆车等，由此可知，人类学家之所以给20世纪的人贴上“无腿人”这个标签是因为人们已经忘记如何使用他们的腿。选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段的首句“Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.当你高速旅行的时候，现在对于你来说毫无意义：你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间都在盼望到达另一个地方。”也就是说，当人们高速旅行的时候，关注的是未来，所以选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的一、二句“Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.未来的历史书可能还会记载，我们的眼睛被剥夺了使用权。在我们匆忙地从一个地方到另一个地方时，一路上我们什么也没看见。”作者之所以说人们被剥夺了眼睛的使用权，是因为人们在匆忙的旅行路上什么也没看见，所以选项C符合原文。

4.作者意图题。结合全文内容可知，文章先在首段提出了“无腿人”是当代人的标签；第二段则讲述了人们在匆忙的旅行过程中失去了眼睛的使用权利；最后在第三段呼吁人们徒步旅行。由此可知，作者的目的在于告诉人们：最好的旅行方式是徒步到达。所以选项D正确。选项A和选项C表达过于片面，选项B不符合文章主旨，所以均不正确。

5.语义辨析题。根据关键词“abird’s-eyeview”定位到第二段的第三句“Airtravelgivesyouabird’s-eyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.航空旅行可以让你鸟瞰世界——如果机翼恰好挡住了你的视线，你就看得更少了。”由此可知，“abird’s-eyeview”不是指鸟的视线，而是鸟瞰，也就是从高处往下看。这里是坐在飞机上鸟瞰下面的世界，所以选项C正确。

4.单选题

Shemusthavebeenpretty（）tofallforsuchanoldtrick.

问题1选项

A.interested

B.gullible

C.enthusiastic

D.shrewd

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项interested“感兴趣的”；B选项gullible“易受骗的，轻信的”；C选项enthusiastic“热情的”；D选项shrewd“精明的，狡猾的”。句意：她太容易上当受骗了，才落入这样的老圈套。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

5.单选题

We’ll______youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.

问题1选项

A.compensate

B.remedy

C.supplement

D.retrieve

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项compensate“补偿，赔偿”，B项remedy“补救，治疗”，C项supplement“增补，补充”，D项retrieve“恢复，重新得到”。根据关键词damagedonetoyourhouse“对你房子的破坏”可推测，空格部分表示“赔偿”。句意：我们入住期间对你的房子所造成的任何损害，我们都会赔偿你的。因此，该题选择A项正确。

6.单选题

Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand（

）theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesforsuchgames.

问题1选项

A.assists

B.acknowledges

C.advocates

D.admits

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A项assist表示“帮助，协助”；B项acknowledge表示“致谢，承认”；C项advocate表示“提倡，拥护”；D项admit表示“承认，容许”。根据句中against可知作者反对电子游戏，所以应该支持closingtherecreationfacilities。句意：琼斯先生强烈反对电子游戏，提倡关闭所有的电子游戏娱乐设施。故本题正确答案为C。

7.单选题

Theyoungwoman’sheartrevoltedagainstso（）acharge,andwhenshesawthatshecouldattempttodonothingtosaveherprotector,sheweptbitterly.

问题1选项

A.blessed

B.monstrous

C.heinous

D.grievous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:年轻的夫人坚决地抗议这种污蔑。当她发现自己无力拯救保护人吋，便痛苦地哭泣起来。

考查形容词辨析。blessed幸福的，受祝福的，神圣的;monstrous巨大的，怪异的；heinous极恶毒的，道德败坏的，可恨的；grievous痛苦的，剧烈的。因此C符合句意。

8.单选题

Myauntlosthercatlastsummer,butit（）aweeklateratahomeinthenextvillage.

问题1选项

A.turnedup

B.turnedin

C.turnedon

D.turnedout

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turnup“出现，发现，折起”；turnin“上缴，出卖”；turnon“打开，发动”；turnout“结果是，证明是”。句意：去年夏天我姨妈的猫丢了，但是一周后它出现在邻村的一户人家里。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Formostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoroflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travelingtoandfromwork.Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesourstandardoflivingandtoaconsiderableextentthestatusweareaccordedbyourfellowcitizensaswell.Itissometimessaidthatbecauseleisurehasbecomemoreimportant,theindignitiesandinjusticesofworkcanbepushedintoacorner;thatbecausemoreworkisprettyintolerable,thepeoplewhodoitshouldcompensateforitsboredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsbyconcentratingtheirhopesontheotherpartsoftheirlives.Irejectthatasacounselofdespair.Fortheforeseeablefuturethematerialandpsychologicalrewardswhichworkcanprovide,andtheconditionsinwhichworkisdone,willcontinuetoplayavitalpartindeterminingthesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.Yetonlyasmallminoritycancontrolthepaceatwhichtheyworkortheconditionsinwhichtheirworkisdone;onlyforasmallminoritydoesworkofferscopeforcreativity,imagination,orinitiative.

Inequalityatworkandinworkisstilloneofthecruelestandmostglaringformsofinequalityinoursociety.Wecannothopetosolvethemoreobviousproblemsofindustriallife,manyofwhicharisedirectlyorindirectlyfromtheinequalityatwork.Stilllesscanwehopetocreateadecentandhumanesociety.

Themostglaringinequalityisthatbetweenmanagersandtherest.Formostmanagers,workisanopportunityandachallenge.Theirjobsengagetheirinterestandallowthemtodeveloptheirabilities.Theyareabletoexerciseresponsibility;theyhaveaconsiderabledegreeofcontrolovertheirownandtheothers’workinglives.Mostimportantofall,theyhavetheopportunitytoinitiate.Bycontrast,formostmanualworkers,workisaboring,monotonous,evenpainfulexperience.Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerableforthemselvesbythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.Themajorityhavelittlecontrolovertheirwork;itprovidesthemwithnoopportunityforpersonaldevelopment.Oftenproductionissodesignedthatworkersaresimplypartofthetechnology.Inoffices,manyjobsaresoroutinethatworkersjustifiablyfeelthemselvestobemerecogsinthebureaucraticmachine.Asadirectconsequenceoftheirworkexperience,manyworkersfeelalienatedfromtheirworkandtheirfirm,whetheritisinpublicorinprivateownership.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,it’strueaboutworkthat（

）

.

2.Whatadvantagedomanagershaveovertheotherworkers?

3.Workingconditionsgenerallyremainbadbecause（

）.

4.Whatfrustratestheworkersinamodernsociety?

问题1选项

A.one’shappylifelargelydependsonwhetherhisworkisrewarding

B.concentratingonyourworkisacounselwhenyouareindespair

C.peopleshouldtrytoavoidtheintolerableunfairnessofwork

D.dignitybecomesmoreandmoreimportantthanwork

问题2选项

A.Theycancontrolotherpeople’slives.

B.Theycanmaketheirowndecisions.

C.Theycanworkatwhateverintereststhem.

D.Theycangettimeofftoattendcourses.

问题3选项

A.theworkerslosetheirintereststochangethem

B.fewpeoplecandecidewhattodoaboutthem

C.officeworkerswanttoprotecttheirpositions

D.managersdonotwanttochangethem

问题4选项

A.Theirworkinterfereswiththeirprivatelives.

B.Theyareincapableofdoingtheirworkproperly.

C.Theyfeeltheyarejustasmallandsubordinatepartofit.

D.Theirlivesarecomplicatedduetotechnologicaladvances.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段倒数第二句“Fortheforeseeablefuture...thesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.”在可预见的将来,工作所能提供的物质和精神回报以及工作环境,将继续在决定生活所能提供的满意度方面发挥重要作用。也就是说,一个人的幸福生活在很大程度上取决于他的工作是否有回报。选项A符合原文。

2.根据第三段的三四句“Theirjobsengagetheirinterest...theothers’workinglives.”他们对自己的工作感兴趣,能够发挥自己的才能。他们能够履行职责;对自己和他人的工作有相当大的控制权。由此可以推断,经理的优势就是可以自己做决定,选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段“Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerableforthemselvesbythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.”他们所有的工作生活都是在一种他们认为无法忍受的条件下度过的,而作出决定的人却让这种条件继续下去。这里“作出决定的人”指的就是经理,所以选项D正确。

4.根据第三段最后几句,大多数人对自己的工作几乎没有控制权;没有个人发展的机会。通常生产是如此设计的,工人只是技术的一部分。在办公室里,许多工作都是例行公事,以至于工人们理所当然地觉得自己只是官僚机器的齿轮。选项C符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

10.单选题

Asachild,timeusedtomoveasslowlyaslightningbugsdriftinthesummereveningskies,butasanadult,timeis_____.

问题1选项

A.transmitting

B.peripatetic

C.nomadic

D.ephemeral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项“传送；输送”，B项“巡回工作的；流动的”，C项“游牧的”，D项“短暂的”。根据题干中的but，可知前后为对比，结合句意：小时候，时间总是像夏天傍晚天空中的闪电虫一样缓慢移动，但成年后，时间是。因此选D项。

11.单选题

John______smokeheavily,buthehasnowstopped.

问题1选项

A.isusedto

B.wasusedto

C.usedto

D.hasbeenusedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项isusedto和B选项wasusedto均表示“习惯于……；习惯”；C选项usedto意为“过去常常，过去经常做某事”，有过去常这样做，现在不这样做了的意味；D选项hasbeenusedto是beusedto的完成时。句意：约翰过去抽烟很厉害，但现在不抽了。因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman（

）anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.

问题1选项

A.install

B.toinstall

C.tobeinstalled

D.installed

【答案】A

【解析】根据havesb.dosth.可知，这里应该用动词原形，所以选项A正确。

13.单选题

PriortotheeventofSeptember11,theBushadministrationhadstartedtochartaclear-cutcourseinSouthAsia.Inthisnewforeignpolicycalculus,India,thelargest,mostpowerfuleconomicallydynamic,politicallystable,andstrategicallysignificantstateintheregion,wasdestinedtoemergeasalinchpin.SuchashiftwaspossiblebecauseunlikearangeofotherAmericanadministrations,bothduringandaftertheColdWar,theGeorgeW.BushregimehadfinallydecidedthatPakistancouldnolongerexerciseavetoonAmericanrelationswithIndia.SuchadecisionwasalsomadepossiblebecauseofPakistan’ssteadydownwardeconomicspiral,thepresenceofaPakistanimilitarydictatorshipinademocratizingAsiaandalsobecauseofPakistan’sextensivestrategiclinkswiththeloathsomeTalibanregimeinAfghanistan.FewAmericaninterests,itappeared,wereimplicatedinthatcountry.

Simultaneously,India,whichhadalmostreflexivelyopposedvirtuallyanymajorAmericanforeignpolicy,initiativelyappearedtobechangingitsorientation.TheBharatiyaJanataParty(RlP)-IedregimeinIndiawasdemonstratingadegreeofintellectualflexibilitythatfewregimesinIndiahadeverdisplayed,specifically,theBJP-ledregimehadexpressedcautioussupportfortheBushadministration’sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treatyandmovetowarddramaticcutsintheAmericannucleararsenal.Admittedly,theIndiaendorsementoftheAmericanpositionwasanythingbutfulsome.

Nevertheless,eventhislimitedembraceofanotherwisecontroversialAmericanstrategicshiftwasquitesignificant.Atanotherlevel,unlikemanypreviousregimes,theBJP-ledgovernmentappearedmuchmoreinclinedtobroadenanddeepenmilitary-to-militarycontactswiththeUnitedStates.EvenareasofdisagreementinIndo-U.S.relationssuchasthosedealingwithtradeandinvestmentregimesnolongerappearedasacrimoniousness.

1.Theword“linchpin”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

2.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat

（

）.

3.TheBJP-ledgovernment

（

）.

4.Thearticlemainlytalksabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.akindofanimalinSouthAsia

B.somethingvitallyimportant

C.thedominatingpower

D.anally

问题2选项

A.IndiaandPakistanhadbeencloselycooperatingwitheachotherinthepastfewyears.

B.IndiahadenjoyedamorepreferablepositionthanPakistanwithAmericanpoliticianssincethe1970’s

C.GeorgeBushfollowedthesameforeignpolicyasotherAmericanadministrationsinSouthAsia.

D.AmericahadbeenreluctanttodevelopconstructiverelationswithIndiaoutofconsiderationforPakistan.

问题3选项

A.isinclinedtobroadenanddeepenmilitarycontestwiththeUS.

B.causedembarrassmentfortheAmericanswhentheymadecontroversialstrategicshift

C.supportedtheBushadministration’sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treaty

D.isagainsttheBushadministration'sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treaty

问题4选项

A.USforeignpolicyinSouthAsia

B.dictatorshipinPakistan

C.contributionoftheIndianBJP-ledgovernment

D.Bush’swisdomasapolitician

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.语义题。根据原文句意“在这一新的外交政策考量中，印度作为该地区最大、经济动力最强、政治稳定以及战略意义重大的国家，注定会成为一个关键因素。”“linchpin”的本意就是关键的意思，所以选项B正确。

2.判断推理题。选项A在文中没有信息提及；选项B时间表述有误；根据第一段第三句“...unlikearangeofotherAmericanadministrations...不像其他美国政府”可知选项C表述错误；根据“PakistancouldnolongerexerciseavetoonAmericanrelationswithIndia.巴基斯坦再也不能对美印关系行使否决权。”可知选项D正确。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“BJP-ledgovernment”定位到第二段，根据倒数第二句“theBJP-ledregimehadexpressedcautioussupportfortheBushadministration’sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treaty.以印度人民党为首的政权对布什政府修改《反弹道导弹条约》的决定表示谨慎支持”由此可知，选项C符合原文。

4.主旨大意题。文章第一段首句为本文的主旨句。“theBushadministrationhadstartedtochartaclear-cutcourseinSouthAsia.布什政府已经开始在南亚制定明确的方针。”选项A“美国在南亚的外交政策”最能概括全文，所以正确。

14.单选题

Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe（

）willcontinueintothenextdecade.

问题1选项

A.emergency

B.trend

C.pace

D.schedule

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。emergency紧急情况，突发事件；trend趋势，走向；pace步伐，速度；schedule时间表，日程安排。

句意：全世界的犯罪活动一直在增加，我们有充分的理由相信这一趋势将持续到下一个十年。选项B符合句意。

15.翻译题

过去十年间，中国手机网络的发展可谓有目共睹，几乎每年都会新增约八千万用户，但据英国广播公司报道，在某种程度上，真正的通讯革命才刚刚开始。

今年，中国将取代美国成为世界最大的智能手机市场。对很多中国人来说，智能手机使他们第一次拥有了通向互联网的私人路径。这对于信息技术开发商、尤其是移动手机应用程序开发商来说是非比寻常的机遇。

那么，应用程序开发商是怎么在中国赚到钱的呢？一种方法就是尝试“应用内销售”一一他们推出免费的应用程序，一旦用户被吸引，再以较低的价格卖给他们体验增强版。虽然中国的用户只愿意出几分钱来购买升级服务，但只要想想用户多达数百万，加在一起很快就是一大笔钱。不过，对于非游戏类应用程序开发商来说，要发展就得依靠广告收益。

【答案】ThemobilenetworkgrowthinChinahasbeenremarkable,withsome80millionnewusersjoiningeveryyearforthepastdecade.Buttosomeextent,therealcommunicationsrevolutionhasonlyjustbegun,BBCreported.

Thisyear,ChinawillovertakeAmericaastheworld'sbiggestSmartphonemarket.FormanyChinese,theSmartphoneoffersthemtheirfirstpersonalaccesstoInternet.Thisisanextraordinaryopportunityforinformationtechnologydevelopers,especiallymobileappdevelopers.

SohowthendoesanappdevelopermakemoneyinChina?Onewayistotryin-appsales—theyofferfreeappsandonceusersarehooked,theywillsellthemanenhancedversionoftheexperienceatalowerprice.AlthoughusersinChinamaybeonlywillingtopayafewcentsfortheenhancedservice,whenyou'retalkingmillionsofusers,thatcansoonadduptoalotofmoney.But,fornon-gameappdevelopers,theremustbeadvertisingrevenuetomoveforward.

16.翻译题

Thereare2shortpassagesinthispart.PassageAisforyoutotranslatefromEnglishtoChineseandpassageBisfromChinesetoEnglish.

PassageA

Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpureeyes.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindcertainstereotypes.JohnDeweyhassaidthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividual,asagainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofthemothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalk.

PassageB

教育的主要目标之一就是给未来的公民准备好他们在成人社会占有一席之地所需要的一切。当今的成人社会由男人和女人组成，所以男女分开的学校怎么可能为他们的将来做好恰当的准备呢？男女同校的教育给孩子提供的完全是现实社会的真实缩影。男孩女孩都有机会互相了解，有机会学着从小在一起生活。在这里，他们可以在学习能力、体育运动成绩和许多课外活动方面进行相互比较，这些都是学校生活的一部分。

【答案】风俗一般不被认为是什么重要的课题。我们认为我们大脑的内部活动特别值得研究。但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最平常的行为而已。但事实恰恰相反。全世界的风俗习惯是很多具体行为的集合，这些具体行为不管有多不正常，也比任何个体行为令人惊讶。这只是问题的次要方面。最重要的是，风俗习惯在人们的经验及信仰上扮演的重要角色以及它所体现的多样性。

没有人能以纯净的眼睛看待世界。即使在哲学探索中，他也没有彻底抛弃成见。约翰•杜威曾经说过，风俗对于个体行为的塑造之于个体对风俗的影响，正如一个人的母语词汇与他的咿呀学语一样。

Amajorgoalofeducationistoprepareeverythingtheyneedforfuturecitizenstotheirplaceinadultsociety.Today’sadultcommunityiscomposedofmenandwomen,so,howcanschoolsseparatemenandwomentomakeappropriatepreparationsfortheirfuture?Whatco-educationaleducationprovidedtochildreniscompletelytruemicrocosmoftherealworld.Theyhavetheopportunitytohavemutualunderstandingandlearntolivetogether.Here,theycancomparewitheachotherinlearningabilities,sportsperformanceandmanyextra-curricularactivitiesandallofthesearepartsofschoollife.

17.单选题

Peopleunderalotof（）mayexperienceheadaches,minorpainsandsleepingdifficulties.

问题1选项

A.stress

B.exposure

C.endurance

D.endeavor

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stress“压力”；B选项exposure“曝光”；C选项endurance“忍耐力”；D选项endeavor“努力，尽力”。句意：（）大的人可能会经历头痛、轻微疼痛和睡眠困难。原句要表达的意思是“压力大的人会头痛……”，因此A选项符合题意。

18.单选题

InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear.

AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingapparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.

ArevelationcamelastweekwhenIaskedher,“...Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No”,shereplied.“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”

Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneouslytoldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly,“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.

Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,Ihadtoacceptthefactthatwasco-optingmydaughter’sexperience.

Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?

3.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?

4.Theauthortookgreatpaintstorefineherdaughter’sstoriesbecause（）.

5.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?

问题1选项

A.Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.

B.Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.

C.Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.

D.Alotofdistractionscompleteforchildren’stimenowadays.

问题2选项

A.Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.

B.Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.

C.Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.

D.Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.

问题3选项

A.Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.

B.Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.

C.Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.

D.Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.

问题4选项

A.shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance

B.shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuch

C.shewastohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamsofbecomingawriter

D.shewasafraidRebecca’simaginationmightrunwildwhilewriting

问题5选项

A.Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.

B.Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.

C.Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein.

D.Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinion.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一句，“InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.”，在这个网络聊天、电子游戏和电视真人秀的时代，总有让孩子可以做的事情，并且这些活动不需要动脑。可判断出现在孩子们的时间完全被许多干扰因素占据了。选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.”，作为一名作家，我知道什么是成功，什么是失败。我知道努力写一篇文章却收到出版商的退稿单是什么感觉。我也知道我承受着巨大的压力，为的是不辜负过去的胜利带来的荣誉。可判断出作者的写作经历充满痛苦和挫折。选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”，她只是想把一个关于天使上一年级的故事讲给别人听。可判断出丽贝卡想参加写作比赛的原因在于她想和读者分享她的故事。选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.”，我告诉自己，我只是一个经验丰富的作家，引导着年轻的作家穿过大厅，为她的故事提供人物、冲突和结局方面的建议。可判断出作者帮助女儿改善故事的原因在于她相信自己有知识和经验可以提供指导。选项A符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一句，“AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.”，我也会提醒自己，孩子们需要实验的空间，需要成长的空间，需要拥有表达自我的声音。可判断出作者建议父母应该让孩子们通过自己的经历，自由成长。选项B符合题意。

19.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

中国人的住宅

从前中国人在盖房子的时候，都要先请人看风水，看似迷信，也并非没有道理。按照中国人的想法，任何建筑物都不应该破坏大自然的和谐，而且要让建筑物和大自然融为一体。住在这种房子里的人，会觉得自己不是关在笼子里，而是生活在宁静的大自然里面。所以，中国人盖房子，通常都坐北朝南，以便接受冬天的阳光和夏日的清风。这种房子冬暖夏凉，住在里面非常舒服。

【答案】Chinesepeopleusedtoinviteexpertstoadvisetheminfengshuiprinciplesbeforebuildingahouse.Itseemstobesuperstitious,butsomehowmakessense.AccordingtotheChinesepeople,nobuildingshouldmartheharmonyofnature,butinsteadblendintonature.Thoselivinginsuchhouseswouldnotfeelconfinedincages,butasiftheywerelivinginserenenature.Thus,Chinesehousesusuallyfacethesouthsoastohavewarmsunshineinwinterandcoolbreezesinsummer.Thehouse,warminwinterandcoolinsummer,iscomfortableforaccommodation.

20.单选题

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby"drugs”thataren'treallydrugsatall（

）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

问题1选项

A.orrather

B.o