考研考博-英语-山东水利职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东水利职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thegangster（）athishelplessvictimandputacigarettejustoutofreach.

问题1选项

A.sneered

B.scorned

C.grinned

D.glared

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sneered“嘲笑，冷笑”；B选项scorned“轻蔑”；C选项grinned“露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑”；D选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看”。句意：歹徒对他那无助的受害者（），并把一支烟放在刚好够不到的地方。根据歹徒后面的行为可以看出，歹徒对这个受害者发出冷笑，因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective.

B.Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled.

C.Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.

D.Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative.

问题2选项

A.Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing.

B.Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.

C.Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless.

D.Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants’mentalwell-being.

问题3选项

A.Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.

B.Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively.

C.Itwenthandinhandwithsadness.

D.Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Psychologyresearchhastendedtoportraysolitudeasanegativeexperience.Studiesconductedinthe1970sand1990ssuggestedthatpeoplefeltlesshappywhenalone,ascomparedtobeingwithothers.However,anewpapershowsanalternativeviewofsolitude,oneinwhichsolitudecanbepositive.

Let’sstartbylookingattheearlierresearch.Ithadacoupleofshortcomings.First,itmeasuredemotiononascalefrompositivetonegative,overlookingthepossibilitythatthepositiveandnegativeemotionscanfluctuateindependently.[16]Also,itcategorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative.Itdidn’tconsiderthatemotionsarousedustodifferentdegrees,andthatbothpositiveandnegativeemotionscanarouseusalotoralittle.Thatis,whetherpositiveornegative,emotionscanbeeitherhigharousalorlowarousal.Higharousalemotionsincludeexcitementonthepositivesideorangeronthenegativeside,whilelowarousalonesincludefeelingcalmonthepositivesideorlonelyonthenegative.

Thisnewresearchattemptedtoovercometheseshortcomings.Researchersbeganwithasimplestudy.Theyaskedparticipantstospend15minutessittingalonewithoutengaginginanyactivityandmeasuredhowthissolitudeinfluencedtheiremotionalstate.[17]Thisexperimentspecificallyaimedtodeterminetheeffectofsolitudeonhigharousalemotions.Itlookedatpositiveemotionssuchasbeingexcitedorinterested,andnegativeemotions,includingbeingscaredordistressed.Theresultswereclear.[17]After15minutesofsolitude，theparticipantsshowedreductionsinbothtypesofemotion.Asecondstudymeasuredtheeffectsofsolitudeonlowarousalemotions.Theseincludedbothpositiveandnegativeemotionssuchasfeelingcalm,relaxed,sadorlonely.[18]Thatexperimentfoundthatalloftheseemotionswereincreasedbytimealone.Thus,itseemspastdepictionsofsolitudewerewrong.Itdoesn’thaveasimpleemotionaleffectthatcanbecharacterizedasgoodorbad.Rather,itchangestheintensityofourinnerexperience.Itamplifiesquieteremotions.Butitdiminishestheintensityofstrongerfeelings.

It’sworthclarifyingthatthesefindingsrelatetorelativelybriefperiodsofsolitude.Thisisdistinctfromprolongedloneliness.Researchhasdemonstratedthatthelatteriscorrelatedwithanassortmentofnegativephysicalandpsychologicaleffects.Howcanpeoplebenefitfrombeingalone?Thefindingsheresuggestthatpeoplecanusesolitudetoregulatetheiremotions.Solitudecanhelpusbecomequietafterexcitement,calmafteranangryepisode,orsimplyfeelatpeace.

16.Whatisoneofthecriticismsdirectedattheearlyresearchonsolitude?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于“独处”的早期研究受到何种批评？录音说，早期的研究存在几个缺点，其中包括把情绪简单地分为积极的和消极的（categorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative），D选项中的classified是对录音原文中categorized的同义替换，因此D选项正确。A选项“它忽略了情绪是个人的和主观的事实”和B项“它忽略了情绪可以被控制的可能性”在录音中均没有信息提及；C选项“它独立测量积极情绪和消极情绪”主要利用measured和independently设置干扰，录音说的是，早期调查在从积极到消极的范围内衡量情绪，忽略了积极和消极情绪可以独立波动的可能性。选项与之表述不相符，因此排除。

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheresultsofthenewresearch?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问我们可以知道哪些关于新研究的结果？录音提到，新研究是为了确定独处对高唤起度情绪的影响，而参与实验的人经过15分钟的独处后，他们的积极与消极两方面的高唤起度情绪都有所减缓（reductionsinbothtypesofemotion），B选项中的reductive与录音原文中的reductions是同根词，都表示“减少，减缓”的意思，因此B选项“独处对高唤起度情绪有减缓作用”正确。A选项“一个人无所事事地坐着似乎很苦恼”和C选项“独自坐15分钟使参与者焦躁不安”在录音中均没有信息提及；D选项“独处会对参与者的心理健康产生不利影响”，主要错在缺乏对独处的修饰词，录音中说的是长期的孤独与负面的生理和心理影响相关，而短暂的独处不会，因此D选项属于以偏概全，表述不正确。

18.Whatdidthesecondexperimentinthenewresearchfindaboutsolitude?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问新研究的第二个实验有何发现？第二个实验测量了独处对低唤起度情绪的影响，并且发现所有这些情绪都会随着时间的推移而增加。D选项“它有助于增强低唤起度情绪”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它往往会使负面情绪加剧”，这些情绪包括积极和消极的情绪，如平静、放松、悲伤或孤独。因此A选项不正确；B选项“事实证明很难客观描述它”，录音提到，独处改变内在感受的强度，对强烈感觉有安抚作用，这正是描述了独处产生的影响，因此B选项也不正确；C选项“它与悲伤密切相关”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

3.单选题

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（）.

问题1选项

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意本题表述的是每隔一段时间可以去周边旅游，因此选项A、B、C均与题意不符，而选项D是固定搭配atregularintervals“每隔一段时间”因此选项D项正确。句意：学生和老师可以每隔一段时间参加岛屿周围美丽的海滩活动。

4.单选题

Theacousticsinthismeetingroomarenotverygood,soifyouwishtobeheardclearly,youmustremembertospeakout.

问题1选项

A.are

B.so

C.wishtobeheard

D.speakout

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。Speakout改为speakup。D处句意应为“大声说”,而speakout表示“公开说出”。

5.单选题

Theblackhorseis（）ofthepair.

问题1选项

A.thestrongest

B.thestronger

C.thestrong

D.quitestrong

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这匹黑马更强壮。

语法题。考查比较级。当要特指两者中“较（更）”时，比较级前通常要带定冠词，此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词one，即定冠词实为修饰被省略的名词或代词one。pair的词义是“一对”或“一双”，即在“两者”中进行比较。因此，此处应该使用thestronger。

6.单选题

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheforcesofgoodandevil.

问题1选项

A.external

B.internal

C.maternal

D.eternal

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析题。根据句意‘一些人把生活看作是正义力量与恶势力之间的一种外部冲突。’可知是将生活看作是一种外部冲突。A选项external“外部的，外部”;B选项internal“内部的”；C选项maternal“母性的”；D选项eternal“永恒的”。A选项正确。

7.单选题

Somewomenaremotivatedtowork（）professionalinterestsandadesiretocontributetosociety.

问题1选项

A.becauseof

B.asto

C.regardlessof

D.inspiteof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项becauseof“因为；由于”；B选项asto“至于，关于；就……而论”；C选项regardlessof“不顾，不管”；D选项inspiteof“不管、虽然、尽管、不顾”。句意：有些妇女工作的动机是（）职业兴趣和为社会做贡献的愿望。B、C、D选项不符合句意，因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Whenitcomes___hiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevergrumbles.

问题1选项

A.tohelp

B.andhelps

C.tohelping

D.tohavehelped

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。whenitcomestosth./doingsth.“当提到；就……而论”。句意：当谈到帮助妻子做家务时，约翰从不抱怨。因此C选项正确。

9.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.

Historically,economistshavesaidthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome.However,ithasbeanfoundthatoncewealthreachesasubsistencelevel,itseffectivenessasageneratorofwell-beingisgreatlydiminished.ThisparadoxhasbeenreferredtoastheEasterinparadox.Thismeansthataspirationsincreasewithincome;afterbasicneedsaremet;relativeratherthanabsoluteincomelevelsinfluencewell-being.Happinesseconomistshopetochangethewaygovernmentsviewwell-beingandhowtomosteffectivelygovernandallocateresourcesgiventhisparadox.However,otherresearchsuggeststhatnoparadoxexists,andhappinessislinearlyrelatedtothelogarithmofabsolute(real,PPP-adjusted)income,withlittleornorelativeincomecomponent.

Moneycorrelateswithhappiness,buttheratediminisheswithmoremoney.In2010,twoeconomistsfoundthathigherearnersgenerallyreportedbetterlifesatisfaction,butpeople’sday-to-dayemotionalwell-beingonlyrosewithearningsuntilathresholdannualincomeof$75,000.Otherfactorshavebeensuggestedasmakingpeoplehappierthanmoney.Onestudy,whencorrectedforsocialstatus,showednocorrelationbetweenincomeandhappiness.

【答案】从历史上看，经济学家曾说过经济收入能影响幸福指数。然而有研究发现，当财富达到基本的生活水平，它对幸福指数的影响力就会极大地减少。这个悖论被称为伊斯特林悖论。这意味着愿望随着收入而增加；在基本需求得到满足之后；收入水平对幸福的影响是相对的，而不是绝对的了。鉴于这一悖论，幸福经济学家希望改变政府看待幸福的方式，以及如何最有效地管理和分配资源。然而，其他研究表明这种悖论不存在，幸福指数与绝对（实际的，根据购买力平价调整后的）收入的对数成线性相关，与收入的构成没有什么关系。

金钱与幸福相关，但随着金钱的增加，这一比率会下降。2010年，两位经济学家发现，高收入者总体上表现出更好的生活满意度，但是只有当年收入达到75000美元后，人们日常的情感幸福才会随着收入的增加而增加。其他因素比金钱更能使人快乐。一项针对社会地位的研究表明，收入和幸福之间没有相关性。

10.单选题

Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

问题1选项

A.legible

B.radical

C.medieval

D.laden

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。legible“清晰的,易辨认的”;radical“激进的,根本的,彻底的”;medieval“中世纪的,老式的,原始的”;laden“负载的,装满的”。句意:理论和实践之间有着根本的区别。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Thegovernmentgaveavery（

）explanationofitsplansforindustrialdevelopment.

问题1选项

A.understanding

B.comprehensive

C.compulsory

D.sophisticated

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。understanding意为“善解人意的，富有同情心的”；comprehensive意为“详尽的，综合性的，全部的”；compulsory意为“必须做的，强制性的”；sophisticated意为“复杂的”。

句意：政府给出了一个对其工业发展计划十分全面的解释。

12.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

1.凡事预则立，不预则废。

2.我们可以让内燃机使用另一种污染程度较低的燃料，如天然气、燃料电池，液态氢等，这些我们都可以考虑。

3.我们必须考虑到这一点：我们的星球是从子孙后代那里借来的，而不是我们祖先馈赠的。

4.可持续发展是指：为了将来后代的利益，我们必须保留足够的生存空间，以满足他们的需要和施展他们的抱负。

5.这门学科的重要性与其被了解的程度不成正比。

【答案】1.Preparednessensuressuccessandunpreparednessspellsfailure.

2.Whenchoosingadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine,wecantakenaturalgas,fuelcells,liquidhydrogen,oconsideration.

3.Itmustbetakenintoconsiderationthatwehavenotinheritedthisearthfromourancestorsbuthaveborroweditfromouroffspring

4.Sustainabledevelopmentmeansthatforthebenefitoffuturegenerations,wemustreserveenoughlivinsspaceforsatisfyingtheirneedsandrealizingtheirambitious.

5.Theimportanceofthisdisciplineisnotindirectproportiontothedegreetowhichitisunderstood.

13.单选题

Manyfunctionsavailablefrommodernsoftwarearequite（）andhaveanumberofoptions.

问题1选项

A.flexible

B.sustainable

C.accessible

D.applicable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:现代软件提供的许多功能非常灵活且有多种选择。

考查形容词辨析。Flexible能适应新情况的,灵活的,可变动的,柔韧的;sustainable,足可支撑的,养得起的,可持续的,;accessible,易接近的,可进入的,可理解的,;applicable,可适用的,可应用的。根据and后面的关键信息“haveanumberofoptions(有多种选择)”可知A符合句意。

14.单选题

Manyimmigrantswerepreparedtoworkhardinappallingconditionsforthe（

）oftheirdescendants.

问题1选项

A.benefit

B.health

C.property

D.entertainment

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项benefit“利益、好处”；B选项health“健康、健康状况”；C选项property“属性、财产权”；D选项entertainment“娱乐、消遣”，根据句中关键词“descendants后辈、晚辈”可联想到留给后辈的东西，benefit“利益、好处”符合语境，句意为：许多移民愿意在恶劣的条件下辛勤工作，只为自己的后代谋得利益。故正确答案选A。

15.单选题

Jackneedsstraighteningout;hehasbeen_____thewholefemalepopulationofhisclass.

问题1选项

A.standingupto

B.owningupto

C.messingaroundwith

D.makingupfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。standupto“经得起，抵抗”；ownupto“承认错误”；messaroundwith“胡闹，玩弄”；makeupfor“补偿，弥补”。句意：杰克需要改正错误，因为他一直和班上女生打闹。选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

Shedidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（

）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

问题1选项

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.internal

D.immortal

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项explicit“清楚的，明确的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，不直接言明的”；C选项internal“内部的，里面的”；D选项immortal“长生的，永世的，不朽的”。由Shedidn’topenlyattacktheplan（她没有公开抨击计划）和转折词but可知B选项符合语境。句意：她没有公开抨击这项计划，但她的反对暗示着她没有说任何支持这项计划的话。

17.单选题

Writtenprimarilyforaspecializedbutdiversebodyofscholars,thisbook（

）theattentionofthoseinterestedinseventeenth-centuryEnglishliterature.

问题1选项

A.warrant

B.proposes

C.acclaims

D.distills

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。warrant“保证；担保”；propose“建议，打算”；acclaim“称赞”；distill“提取”。句意：这本书主要是为一群专业且各路学者而写，所以，它一定会引起那些对17世纪文学感兴趣的人的注意。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

（）youpromiseyouwillworkhard,（）supportyoutocollege.

问题1选项

A.Ifonly...willI

B.Only...Iwill

C.Onlyif...willI

D.Onlyif...Iwill、

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。观察第一空的选项，ifonly“只要；但愿”后面一般用虚拟语气；onlyif“只有”后用倒装。再综合题干可判定此题使用倒装句结构。因此C选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Academicintegrityisdeemedessentialtothosedevotedtoscientificresearches.

问题1选项

A.believed

B.discarded

C.advocated

D.confirmed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。deem表示“认为，相信”，bedeemedto表示“被认为”；A项believe“相信，信任”，B项discard“抛弃，放弃”，C项advocate“提倡，拥护”，D项confirm“确认，证实”。句意：学术诚信对于那些致力于科学研究的人来说是至关重要的。根据句意可知A项正确。

20.单选题

NASAiscastingawidernetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthespacecrafttoswingoutofcontroland（）momentsbeforeitwastoland.

问题1选项

A.disassemble

B.disembark

C.disintegrate

D.disinherit

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形词词义辨析。disassemble“拆开；解开”；disembark“登录；上岸”；disintegrate“瓦解；破裂”；disinherit“剥夺……的继承权”，飞船失去控制的摇摆，然后在快要着陆的瞬间应该会发生比较严重的事件，分析四个选项的意思可知此处只有disintegrate符合句子意思。句意：美国宇航局全方位的展开了对航天飞机的调查，关于是什么导致了飞船失去控制的摇摆，并在最后要着陆的时候……了。故正确答案为选项C。

21.单选题

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears,bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents-untilitappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow

（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

问题1选项

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

问题2选项

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdiffidencefromtheprefrontalcortex

问题3选项

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind

B.developintohappydreams

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight

问题4选项

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogress

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

问题5选项

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第四句话提到“一位权威专家认为梦这种极度强烈的精神活动不仅能被控制，而且是有意识地控制，帮助我们入睡并且感觉更好”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter，因此选项A“可以被更改”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。题目问的是“通过提到大脑边缘系统，作者想要说明什么问题”。文章第二段提到limbicsystem(大脑边缘系统)是情绪大脑（emotionalbrain），因此可以推断出作者在此处是想说明情绪与做梦之间的关系，选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第三段第二句话提到“在上半夜往往会做不好的梦，然后再睡醒前梦开始变好。这种情况暗示人们在梦里解决白天产生的负面情绪”（Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday），由此可知不好的感觉出现在入睡的较早阶段。选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第四段提到“做梦的过程不一定是无意识的。Cartwright认为我们可以练习有意识地控制不断出现的噩梦。醒来后确定在梦中令你苦恼的事情，设想一下你想要的结局，等下次它再次出现，尝试在正好能控制它的过程的时候醒过来”（Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse），既然我们能够控制做梦的进程，说明梦境不一定是无意识的，而有可能是做梦的人有意识而为之。因此选项D符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章最后一段第一句提到我们可能根本没有关注我们的梦（there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatall）；最后三句提到只有那些长期受噩梦折磨的人需要去咨询理疗师的建议，其他人的大脑可以自动消除不良情绪（thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings），也就是说按照往常那样来生活就可，选项A符合题意。

22.翻译题

当今世界正处在大发展大变革大调整时期。世界多极化和经济全球化深入发展，国际金融危机影响继续显现，气候变化、能源资源、公共卫生安全等全球性问题突出，国际和地区热点问题此起彼伏。继续推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业，需要世界各国人民加强合作、同舟共济。

中国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的显著成就，人民生活继续改善，社会保持和谐稳定。中国积极参加应对国际金融危机、气候变化等问题的国际合作，扩大同世界各国交流合作，为世界和平与发展做出了新的贡献。

【答案】【参考译文】Today’sworldisundergoingaperiodofbigdevelopments,greatchangesandextensiveadjustments.Theworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurtherandtheinfluencesproducedbyinternationalfinancialcrisisarecontinuingtoappear.Globalissuessuchasclimatechange,energy,resourcesandpublicsanitarysecurityareprominent;andinternationalandregionalhotspotsarepoppingup.Peopleallovertheworldarerequiredtostrengthencooperationandhelpeachotherforthesakeofcontinuingtoadvancetheloftycauseofhumanpeaceanddevelopment.

China’sreformandopeningupandsocialistmodernconstructionhaveachievednewremarkableachievements.People’sstandardoflivingcontinuestoimproveandoursocietyremainsharmoniousandstable.Throughtakinganactivepartininternationalcooperationfortacklingissuessuchastheinternationalfinancialcrisis,climatechange,etc.andexpandingexchangesandcooperationwithallothercountriesaroundtheworld,Chinahasmadenewcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

23.单选题

Thereisno（

）tothehousefromthemainroad.

问题1选项

A.access

B.avenue

C.exposure

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。access通道；avenue林荫大道；exposure暴露；edge边缘。

句意：从大路没有通道通往这个房子。选项A符合句意。

24.单选题

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasastunningreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeraninstinctiveresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoralsoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen'tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?“Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.”saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolentbecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson,”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquity（无处不在）ofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.”

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,”saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheading（斩首）canhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1.000oftheenemy,”HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization.”

1.Whathaschangedtherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?

2.Thegoalofpsychologicalwarfareisto（

）.

3.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitselfbecause

（

）.

4.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthor（

）.

问题1选项

A.Terroristattacks.

B.Theincreaseofmilitaryconflicts.

C.Advancesinnuclearweapons.

D.Prosperityofthemedia.

问题2选项

A.changetheideologyoftheopponent

B.winabattlewithoutmilitaryattacks

C.generateagreatersenseoffear

D.bringaboutmorephysicaldamage

问题3选项

A.psychologicalterrorismisatactic

B.terrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat

C.theuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat

D.publicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthreat

问题4选项

A.meansdetermineseffects

B.hostagecrisesareprevalent

C.psychologicalterrorsremainharmless

D.theAmericanmediaiseffective

问题5选项

A.emphasizesthegreatimpactofpsychologicalwarfare

B.criticizestheviolenceofterrorism

C.callsforanendtopsychologicalwarfare

D.opposesthehostagecrisis

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.（但由于科技的进步、互联网的普及和新闻报道的扩散，这种心理战的交战规则已经改变）可知D选项“媒体的繁荣”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.（相反，这些攻击的目的是灌输一种比实际威胁本身更大的恐惧感）可知C选项“产生更大的恐惧感”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第五段中的Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.（将恐怖主义作为一种战术是基于制造一种与实际威胁不相称的恐惧气氛）可知C选项“使用恐怖主义是为了激起比实际威胁更具破坏性的恐惧”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章第六段中的Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.（关键不是你做了什么，而是它的报道方式决定了效果）可知A选项“手段决定效果”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章首段提出恐怖活动；第二段引出心理战；第三至六段介绍了心理战带来的影响比实际威胁更大；第五段介绍了伊朗人质危机给美国人带来的心理创伤；第六段介绍了恐怖分子随机性和普遍性给人心理上产出更大的威胁；第七段介绍了恐怖组织利用心理战作战；最后一段引用Haroun的话，再次强调心理战带来的影响。因此A选项“强调心理战的巨大影响”符合题意。

25.单选题

Manywomen,accordingtothis____,wouldratherworkthanmarry.

问题1选项

A.hypothesis

B.hierarchy

C.synthesis

D.syndrome

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项hypothesis“假设”；B选项hierarchy“等级制度”；C选项synthesis“结合；（人工的）合成”；D选项syndrome“综合征；典型表现”。句意：根据这一______，许多女性宁愿工作也不愿结婚。根据语境，许多女性宁愿工作也不愿结婚更可能是一个假设，A选项hypothesis“假设”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

26.单选题

[A]Scienceand[B]technology[C]arepartofthe[D]knowledgesofeducatedpeople.

问题1选项

A.Science

B.technology

C.are

D.knowledges

【答案】D

【解析】【考查点】不可数名词的用法。

【解题思路】knowledge表示“知识，学问”时，是不可数名词。所以knowledge要用原形，该题选择D项。

【句意】科学技术是受过教育的人的知识的一部分。

27.单选题

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine