人教新目标版八年级下册同步课时练期末综合检测（含答案解析）

人教新目标版八年级下册同步课时练期末综合检测学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、单项选择—Isthereamusementparknearhere?—Yes.Everyonecanhavegoodtimethere.A.a;theB.an;anC.an;aD.the:aA.a;theB.an;anC.an;aD.the:aTrust.Youcandomuchbetterthanyouthink.A.myselfB.herselfC.yourselfD.himselfDogsrunthroughsoccergamesatthepark.It*sdangerous.A.shouldB.shouldn'tC.needD.needn't—Youlooktired.Whafswrongwithyou?——Istayeduplatelastnight.Imyspeechfromeighto'clocktomidnight.A.practicedB.ampracticingC.waspracticingD.haspracticed・——somethingunexpectedhappens,Iwillseeyoutomorrow.一Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyou.A.WhenB.UnlessC.WhileD.IfYoucan'thowbeautifulthelakeisbeforeyouseeitwithyourowneyes.A.regretB.imagineC.searchD.accept一IknowJoelives.一Wearesupposedtovisithimfromtimetotime.Then,hewon'tfeel.A.alone;aloneB.lonely;lonelyC.lonely;aloneD.alone;lonely一Ithinkourteacher,MrsAllen,knowseverything.一Iagree.Becausesheover2,000books.A.readB.hasreadC.readsD.isreading—Lisa,haveyouseenthatarticleabouttouch-screencomputersinMonday'spaper?一Yes.Ittellsushowtousethecomputer.A.slowlyB.heavilyC.simplyD.gently,volunteeringisbothachancetohelpothersandagoodwaytodevelopourselves.TomysurpriseTobehonestC・InordertoD.Besimilarto考查形容词副词。alone独自，强调独自一人；lonely孤独，指感情孤独；第一个空指“独自一人居住“，所以用alone,第二个指“感到孤独。这里用lonely；故选TomysurpriseTobehonestC・InordertoD.BesimilartoB【详解】句意：——我认为我们的老师艾伦女士知道每一件事情。——我同意，因为她已经读了2000多本书。考查时态。根据"ourteacher,MrsAllen,knowseverything”可知，因为我们的老师已经读了两千多本书，所以她知道每一件事。过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，即“现在她知道很多事情”，用现在完成时，故选B。C【详解】句意：——丽莎，你看到星期一报纸上那篇关于触摸屏计算机的文章了吗？——是的。它简单地告诉我们如何使用计算机。考查副词词义辨析。slowly慢慢地；heavily大量地；simply简单地；gently轻轻地。根据“Ittellsushowtousethecomputer…”可知，那篇文章是“简单地”告诉我们如何使用计算机。故选CoB【详解】句意：说实话，志愿活动既是一个帮助别人的机会，也是一个提升我们自己的好方式。考查句意理解。tomysurprise“令我惊讶的是"；tobehonest"说实话"；inorderto”为了"；besimilarto...“与相似根据后文语意，并将各选项代入句中可知“tobehonest”符合语境,故选BoD12.A13.C14.B15.D16.A17.B18.C19.D20.A【分析】短文讲述的是作者在机场等飞机，他觉得这个时间和地点找点善事做再好不过了。在安检的外边，有一个女孩在卖花。于是作者买了花，让女孩把花送给看起来伤心的人，让他能振作起来。因为做了这个好事，作者那天也感觉非常开心。.句意：当我在想该做什么的时候，我发现这是一个寻找善举的最佳时机和地点。wait等待；leave离开；guide指导，指南；look看；根据“itwastheperfecttimeandplaceto...foranactofkindnesstodo.”可知，作者想在这个时候找点善事做，lookfor“寻找”，是固定短语，故选Do.句意：安检的外边有一个女孩在卖花。flowers花；candies蜡烛；paintings绘画；pancakes薄煎饼；根据力toldherthatTdliketobuyflowersforsomeoneelse”可知，作者去小女孩那里买花，因此她是卖花的，故选A。.句意：我告诉她我想给别人买花，她可以决定给谁。sell卖；compare对比，比较；give给；mail邮寄；根据"Shelookedalittleconfiised（迷惑的）,soI...perhapsshecouldgivethemtosomeonewholookedlikealittle”可知，作者想买花送给别人，故选C。.句意：她看起来有点困惑，所以我建议也许她可以把它们给一个看起来有点悲伤的人。introduced介绍；suggested建议；expected期望，期待；offered提供；根据“Shelookedalittleconfused（迷惑的广可知，小女孩不太明白作者的意思，因此作者给她建议如何做，故选B。15.句意：她看起来有点困惑，所以我建议也许她可以把它们给一个看起来有点悲伤的人。afraid害怕的；friendly友好的；special特殊的；sad伤心的；根据"Thatwasbecauseheorshemightneedsomecheeringup.”可知，这里说的是“有点伤心的人“，故选D。.句意：但后来我又解释了为陌生人做点好事的想法，她明白了。kind善良的，好心的；scared害怕的；right正确的；simple简单的；根据“Ifounditwastheperfecttimeandplaceto...foranactofkindnesstodo.”可知，作者想要做一些善事。故选A。.句意：她去把花从水里拿出来。plant种植；take带走；grow生长；move移动；根据“Shewentto...theflowersoutofthewatertheyweresittingin”可知，这里表示“女孩从水里把花拿出来”，使用了短语take...outof...,故选Bo.句意：把他们留在那里，直到你想给他们的人出现。after在之后;since自从,既然;until直到才；as当时候；根据"It'sfinetoleavetheminthere...thepersonwhoyouwanttogivethemtocomes.”可知，作者让女孩把花先留到水里，直到她想送花的那个人出现，故这里用until引导时间状语从句，故选C。.句意：当时，我认为她介于惊喜和幸福之间，因为这可能是她第一次见到像我这样的顾客。unless除非；until直到；though尽管；because因为;空格前后是因果关系,"itmightbeherfirsttimetomeetacustomerlikeme"是“shewasbetweensurpriseandhappiness”的原因，因此应用because引导原因状语从句。故选D。.句意：我付了花钱，说了再见，加入了安检的队伍。paid付钱；headed朝向；spoke说话；reached到达；根据“ItoldherthatTdliketobuyflowersforsomeoneelse”可知，作者想要买花，所以这里表示“为花付钱”，payfor是固定短语，故选Ao.C22.D23.C24.A25.D【分析】文章介绍了人类历史上严重的改变人类历史的流行病和瘟疫。.细节理解题。根据“SARS”；“COVID-19"；"PlagueofAthens"；"BlackDeath''及"TheEpidemicof1918",可知文章提到了五种瘟疫和流行病。故选C。.细节理解题。根据“Theplaguekilledabout250,000〜300,000people."以及“Itkilledabout25〜30millionpeopleinthe14thcentury.”及“Itcausedabout50milliondeathsworldwide”可知，1918年的流行病引起的死亡人数是最多的。故选D。.细节理解题。根据"TheBlackDeathfirstbrokeoutincentralAsia”可知，黑死病开始爆发于中亚地区。故选C。.词义猜测题。根据“TheBlackDeathfirstbrokeoutincentralAsiaandwascarriedbyfleas（跳蚤）onrats.People'sinfectedskinwouldturnblackinplaces.”可知，黑死病首先发生在中亚，由鼠身上的跳蚤传播。人们被感染的皮肤会在某些地方变黑，所以单词“infected”的含义是“感染的”。故选A。.推理判断题。根据"TheepidemicbrokeoutinSpaininlatespringof1918,andwithinmonths^^可知，1918年的流行病爆发于1918年春末的西班牙，D选项“latesummer夏末”表述错误。故选Do.B27.D28.D29.C30.A【分析】本文介绍了数以亿计的蝗虫正在埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和索马里等东非国家的农田里穿行。埃塞俄比亚和索马里的蝗灾是25年来最严重的。从飞机上大面积喷洒杀虫剂是减少蝗虫数量的唯一方法。联合国已经拨款1,000万美元帮助解决蝗虫灾害。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，在一天之内，一小群蝗虫可以吃掉3.5万人的食物。选项B表述与原文相符，故选B。细节理解题。根据第四段“Locustswarmsaremorecommonwhenheavyrainsfollowalongdryperiod...Thisseason,EastAfricahashaditsheaviestrainyseasonin40years”可矢口，如果长时间干旱后下大雨，蝗虫群更常见。东非经历了40年来最严重的雨季。故选D。推理判断题。根据第五段中的"onesquarekilometeroflandcanholdasmanyas150millionlocusts.Thereare700squarekilometersoflandcoveredbytheinsectsinKenyaalone,,可知，——平方公里的土地可以容纳多达1.5亿只蝗虫，仅在肯尼亚就有700平方公里的土地被蝗虫覆盖,可计算得出150,000,000x700=105,000,000,000。故选Do词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“wherefoodisalreadyinshortsupply（短缺）”可知，那里已经食物紧缺，因此蝗虫对该地区的生命构成了“威胁工故选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中"InEastAfrica,farmershavebeenshootingintotheairormakingnoisesintheEelds”可知，农民们向空中射击或在田间制造噪声，由此可推断他们是想要把蝗虫吓走。故选A。remindsof【详解】remindsbofsth"使某人想起”，是固定短语，结合“always”可知，句子要用一般现在时，主语是单数名词，动词用三单形式，故填reminds；of。AsfarasIknow【详解】根据汉英对照可知，空格处填“据我所知”，其对应的英文短语为“asfarasIknow”。故填As；far；as；I；knoworegard##consideras【详解】此处缺少的内容是“把作为”，英文表达是“regard/consider…as"；should是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故填regard/consider；as。passtome【详解】passsthtosb“把某物递给某人”，是固定短语，句子是“could”开头的疑问句，此处的动词应用原形，此处表达“我”应用宾格me,作介词to的宾语，故填pass；to；me。closeto【详解】becloseto”接近于”,是固定短语,故填close；to。haskept37.safety38.Especially39.each40.eating41.the42.first43.clear44.to45.willbe【分析】文章讲述了在新型冠状病毒肺炎期间，餐桌安全成为了人们要考虑的问题，一些地方推广使用公用筷子和勺子。36.句意：新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发使得人们无法聚集在一起，并鼓励人们彼此之间保持安全距离。根据“TheCOVID-19outbreak...peoplefromgathering,andasafedistancefromoneanotherisencouraged”可知，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成口寸，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语是"TheCOVID-19outbreak”,助动词用has,故填haskepto37.句意：由宴会引起的感染也很常见，这使得人们在减少聚会的同时，也考虑到餐桌的安全。空格前有“the”修饰，结合分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词作宾语，safety“安全”，名词，故填safety。.句意：特别是，中国人习惯的共享饮食文化可能会在疫情爆发期间给我们带来危险。修饰整个句子应用副词，句首单词的首字母要大写，故填Especially。.句意：对于中国人来说，这种用餐方式不仅是为了吃饭，也是为了相互交流。根据“thisformofdiningisnotonlyforeatingbutalsoforcommunicatingwith…other”可知，此处指的是“彼此交流'eachother意为“彼此；相互。为固定短语，故填each。.句意：可以想象，这种饮食习惯意味着每个人的筷子都会接触到自己的嘴，然后进入同一个盘子，这使得病毒很容易传播。of是介词，其后应接动名词，eatinghabit意为“饮食习惯”,故填eatingo.句意：可以想象，这种饮食习惯意味着每个人的筷子都会接触到自己的嘴，然后进入同一个盘子，这使得病毒很容易传播。根据“samedish”可知，此处特指“相同的盘子”，其前加定冠词the,故填the。.句意：最近，江苏省泰州市制定了中国首个“公共筷子规则”地方标准。根据括号内所给单词one可推知，此处表示“第一”，应用序数词first,故填firsto.句意：公共筷子和勺子的长度、颜色和其他方面也有明确的标准。空处修饰其后的名词“standard”，应用形容词作定语，clearstandard意为“明确的标准”，故填clear。.句意：大多数人都同意使用公共筷子和勺子的想法。根据"agree…theideaof，可知，此处是agreetosth.意为“同意某事”，是固定短语，故填to。.句意：公共筷子和勺子的推广和使用也可能导致饮食文化的改变，这将是一种社会进步。根据"leadtothechangeinfoodculture”可知,此处谈论将来的情况，应使用一般将来时，故填willbe。.Isthat.John(speaking)?47.Whatwasthematter?AVhatwaswrong?AVhathappened?48.Fmsorrytohearthat.49.Don'tworry./Takeiteasy.50.Whereshallwe答案第6页，共8页meet?【分析】这是John打给Linda的电话，询问Linda昨天晚上为什么没有参加学校聚会。Linda说头疼。.根据下文Yes,it*sJohnhere可知上文是Isthat.John(speaking)?你是John吗？故填Isthat.John(speaking)?.根据卜文Ihadaheadache.Myparentswentonbusiness,soItooksomemedicineandwenttobedearly.可知上文是Whatwasthematter?/Whatwaswrong?AVhathappened?怎么了？故填Whatwasthematter?/Whatwaswrong?/Whathappened?.根据上文Ihadaheadache.Myparentswentonbusiness,soItooksomemedicineandwenttobedearly.可知下文是Pmsorrytohearthat.听到这个很难过。故填I'msorrytohearthat..根据I'mafraidyou'vehadabadcold及下文LetmetakeyoutoCenterHospital.可知这里是Don*tworry./Takeiteasy.不要着急。故填Don'twony./Takeiteasy..根据下文Let'smeetatthegateofyourneighborhood.IllcallyouassoonasIgetthere.可矢口上文是Whereshallwemeet?我们在哪里碰面？故填Whereshallwemeet?【点睛】1、首先阅读全篇对话，了解对话大意，在掌握了对话主题与大意的基础上着手做题较为快捷准确。2、根据情景语境，有选项的可结合待选语句，边读边做题。3、重读全篇对话，确定补全后的对话是否通顺连贯，语法正确。.参考范文Ihavemanykindsoftoysinmybedroom.Ilikeatoygunmost.It'sablacktoygunanditcanshootthingsmetersaway.Ihaveownedthetoygunforsixyears.WhenIwasalittleboy,Ilikedwatchingthewarmoviesbest.Iwishedtohavemyowntoygun.Oneday,Iaskedforitwhenmyfathercameback.Myfamilywaspoorandthenmyfatherdidn'tpromiseme.Butonmytenthbirthday,myfathergaveaboxwithatoyguntome.Iwasmovedtotears.Inordertogetit,myfatherworkedmuchharder.SoeverytimeIseethetoygun,Iwillremembermyfather'sloveforme.ItisthemostmeaningfultoyIhavehad.【详解】1.题干解读：该题目属于材料作文写作，要求按照所给的要点提示写一篇短文，介绍我最喜欢的物品。注意写作时要点要齐全，同时也可进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥。2.写作指导：本文应该用第一、三人称来叙述；时态采用一般现在时和一般过去时；写作时，答案第7页，共8页注意承接上文，根据要点提示具体介绍我最喜欢的物品是什么，如何获得它的，拥有它多长时间以及它是什么样的；文中一定要包含题干中列出的所有要点；可以运用一些短语和常用句型为文章增添色彩；注意单词书写的准确度，语法运用的准确度，上下文注意连接的流畅度，以及逻辑合理。二、完形填空阅读下面一篇短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯、完整。Lastweekendattheairport,Ihadsomeextratimebeforegoingthroughsecurity（安检）tocatchmyplane.Whilewonderingwhattodo,Ifounditwastheperfecttimeandplaceto11foranactofkindnesstodo.Outsidesecuritytherewasagirlhaving12forsale.ItoldherthatI'dliketobuyflowersforsomeoneelse,andshecoulddecidewhoto13themto.Shelookedalittleconfused（迷惑的）,soI14perhapsshecouldgivethemtosomeonewholookedlikealittle15.Thatwasbecauseheorshemightneedsomecheeringup.Atfirst,thegirlanswered,"That'scrazy."ButthenIexplainedalittlemoreabouttheideaofdoingsomething16forastranger,andsheunderstood."I'llneverknowhowitturnsout."Isaid,“butyouwillhavetheopportunitytomakesomeone'sgoodday."Atthattime,shestartedtoseemexcitedaboutit.Shewentto17theflowersoutofthewatertheyweresittingin,andIexplainedJTt'sfinetoleavetheminthere18thepersonwhoyouwanttogivethemtocomes.”Atthatpoint,Ithoughtshewasbetweensurpriseandhappiness,19itmightbeherfirsttimetomeetacustomerlikeme.I20fortheflowers,saidgoodbye,andjoinedinthesecurityline.WhatanicedayIhad!11.A.waitB・leaveC.guideD.look12.A.flowersB.candiesC.paintingsD.pancakes13.A.sellB・compareC.giveD.mail14.A.introducedB・suggestedC.expectedD.offered15.A.afraidB.friendlyC.specialD.sad16.A.kindB.scaredC.rightD.simple17.A.plantB-takeC.growD.move18.A.afterB.sinceC.untilD.as19.A.unlessB.untilC.thoughD.because20.A.paidB.headedC・spokeD.reached

三、阅读单选In2003,wewonthebattleagainstSARS,whichkillednearly1,000peoplearoundtheworld.AtthemomentwearefightingagainstCOVID-19.Inhumanhistory,thereweremanyfightsagainstepidemics（流行病）andplagues（瘟疫），whichwereseriousandchangedthedevelopmentofhumanhistory.Herearesomeofthem.PlagueofAthensInthesecondyearofthePeloponnesianWar（431BC-404BC）,whenanAthenianvictoryseemedwithinreach,agreatplaguehitAthens.Theplaguekilledabout250,000〜300,000people.ThatmeansitcausedthedeathofoneineverythreepeopleinancientAthens.ModernhistoriansthinkitcausedthefallofancientGreece.BlackDeathTheBlackDeathfirstbrokeoutincentralAsiaandwascarriedbyfleas（助K蚤）onrats.People'sinfectedskinwouldturnblackinplaces.Itkilledabout25〜30millionpeopleinthe14thcentury.Becauseofthedisease,therewerenoenoughfarmersinEurope.TheEpidemicof1918TheepidemicbrokeoutinSpaininlatespringof1918,andwithinmonths,itkilledmorepeoplethananyotherillnessrecordedinhistory.Itcausedabout50milliondeathsworldwide,farmorethanthedeathscausedbyWorldWarI.Theepidemiccompletelychangedthesocietiesaroundtheworld.Howmanyepidemicsandplaguesarementionedinthepassage?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.Whichofthefollowingkilledthemostpeople?A.SARS.B.PlagueofAthens.C.BlackDeath.D.TheEpidemicof1918.WheredidBlackDeathbreakoutfirst?A.InEurope.B・InAthens.A.InEurope.B・InAthens.C・IncentralAsia.D.InSpain.24.A.感染的B.避开的24.A.感染的B.避开的C.细心的D.引进的WhafstheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword"infectecT?WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Someepidemicsandplagueschangedthedevelopmentofhumanhistory.B・ModernhistoriansthinkPlagueofAthenscausedthefallofancientGreece.C.BlackDeathwascarriedbyfleasonrats.D.Theepidemicof1918brokeoutinlatesummer.Billionsoflocusts（蝗虫）aremovingthroughfarmsandfieldsintheEastAfricancountriesofEthiopia,KenyaandSomalia.Locustsaregrasshoppers（蚱!S）.Normallygrasshoppersdon!ttravelingroupssotheydolittleharm.Butwhentherearelotsofthem,theirbodiesandbehaviorchange.That'swhentheybecomelocusts.Locuststravelinhugegroups,layingeggsalongtheway,whichproducesevenmorelocusts.Inasingleday,asmallswarm（群）oftheinsectscaneatasmuchfoodas35,000peopledo.ThelocustswarmsinEthiopiaandSomaliaaretheworstin25years.Theselocustsaredesertlocusts.Theybeganswarmingaboutsixmonthsago.Bymovingwiththewinds,desertlocustscantravelupto90milesadayormore.Locustswarmsaremorecommonwhenheavyrainsfollowalongdryperiod.Theinsectslaytheireggsinthewetground.Thisseason,EastAfricahashaditsheaviestrainyseasonin40years.Whentheinsectsswarm（成群地飞来飞去），onesquarekilometeroflandcanholdasmanyas150millionlocusts.Thereare700squarekilometersoflandcoveredbytheinsectsinKenyaalone.Theinsectsareathreattolivesintheregions,wherefoodisalreadyinshortsupply.AlreadymanyfarmerswhokeepanimalsarestrugglingbecauselocustshaveeatenuptheplantstheanimalsusuallyliveonInEastAfrica,farmershavebeenshootingintotheairormakingnoisesinthefields,butthatdoesn'tworkagainstsomanyinsects.Expertssaythatsprayingpesticides（杀虫齐U）overlargeareasfromairplanesistheonlywaytoreducethenumberoftheinsects.TheUNhasreleased（释放）$10milliontohelpdealwiththelocustproblem.TheUNsaysabout$70millionisneededtotrulycontrolthelocustswithpesticides.WhichisTRUEaboutlocusts?A.Normallytheydon'ttravelingroups.B.Asmallswarmoflocustseatalotoffoodaday.C.Theylayeggsinthewind.D.Theydolittleharmtotheplants.EastAfricahasgotthelocustproblembecause.A.thelandistoodrytogrowcropsB.farmerspulloutallthegrassthereC.poorpeoplelovetoeatlocustsasfoodD.ithastoomuchrainafterthedryseasonHowmanylocustsarethereinKenya?A.About150,000,000.B.About700,000,000.C.About1,850,000,000.D.About105,000,000,000.Accordingtothepassage,a"threat“probablycan.A.bringgoodlucktopeopleB.makepeopleliveahappylifeC.causedangerinthefutureD.helpkeepmoreanimalsWecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat.A.farmersaretryingtoscaretheinsectsoffB.sprayingpesticidescan'tsolvethelocustproblemC.theUNthinksthelocustproblemisn'tseriousD.EastAfricahasrequirednomorehelpsofar四、完成句子这首歌总使我想起我的童年时光。Thissongalwaysmemychildhood.据我所知，汤姆已经去美国了。,TomhasgonetoAmerica.当你在生活中遇到困难时，你应该把它们视为挑战。Whenyoumeetdifficultiesinlife,youshouldthemchallenges..你能把糖递给我吗？Couldyouthesugar?孩子们彼此的年龄很接近。Thechildrenareeachotherinage.五、语法填空根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。TheCOVID-19outbreak36(keep)peoplefromgathering,andasafedistancefromoneanotherisencouraged.Andinfectionscausedbydinnerpartieswerecommon,whichmadepeoplethinkaboutthe37(safe)atdiningtableswhilereducinggathering.(especial),theshared-mealculturethattheChineseareusedtomayputusindangerduringtheoutbreak.InChinesefoodculture,peopleareusedtosharingdishes.ForChinesepeople,thisformofdiningisnotonlyforeatingbutalsoforcommunicatingwithother.Itisthinkablethatthiskindof40(eat)habitmeanseveryone'schopstickscontacttheirmouthandthenenter4]samedish,whichmakesiteasytospreadviruses.Recently,TaizhouCityofJiangsuProvincemadeChina's42(one)localstandardfbrthe“Rulesofpublicchopsticks”.Itpointedoutthatpublicchopsticksorspoonsshouldn'tmakecontactwiththemouthwhentwoormorepeopleshareatable.Thereisalsoa43(clearly)standardforthelength,colorandotheraspectsofpublicchopsticksandspoons.Whafsmore,theyarealsoadvisedtobeusedevenathome,accordingtothestandard.Mostpeopleagree44theideaofusingpublicchopsticksandspoons.Somethinkit'stoomuchtrouble.Somethinkitwilltaketimeforpeoplet