高考英语一轮复习：短文改错 学案

高考英语一轮复习：短文改错学案名词.可数名词的单复数根据该名词所处句子的谓语动词是否使用第三人称单数、名词前的修饰词、固定词组或名词的复数变化规则来判断。Whenspringcomes,leafturngreen.Thisisoneofthestudentwhohavepassedtheexaminations..混用可数名词和不可数名词牢记常见的不可数名词以及某些抽象名词的具体化有些不可数名词是不能转化为可数名词的，常见的有advice,information,traffic,progress,weather,furniture,equipment,health,wealth,luggage,baggage,clothing,word（消息）,harm,fun,work,knowledge,homework,food,luck,evidence,housework...有些名词常以复数形式出现，如glasses（眼镜），congratulations（祝贺，贺词）,customs（海关），instructions/directions（指示，说明），thanks（感谢）等。有些固定短语中名词需用复数，如tomakemattersworse,makefriendswith,shakehandswith,makepreparationsfor,asfollows,inhighspirits...Thebigearthquakehascausedmuchdamagestothearea.He'sproudofhischildren'ssuccess..误用名词的所有格根据两个名词之间是否存在所属关系来判断是否该用名词所有格如果某人或某物为两人所共有，其所有格应在后一个人的后面加'S；如果不是两个人所共有，则在两人的后面都要加，SThewomanoverthereisTom'sandMary'smother.Howmuchfurnitureshaveyouboughtforyournewhouse?Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.I'venearlykilledthreepeoples.Theycarriedouttheexperimentdeeplyintothenight.WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.Thegirldoesn'tdaretogooutatnightlonely.Still,yourhappinessmakeshimhappilytoo.Asyouknow,Mary,aged11,isJohn'soldersister.Thegirlislookingafterherillmotherinhospital.Hehadnotimeforproperlybreakfast.thinkthefilmisveryworthseeing.介词一、介词的基本用法错误MybrotherleftfortheUnitedStatesinthemorningofJuly8.Hecuthisfingerbyasharpknife.二、介词固定搭配的误用Theplaceisfamousasitshotsprings三、同义、近义词的误用between/amongexcept/besidesChinastandsforequalitybetweenallnations,bigorsmall.ExceptTom,anotherthreestudentswillcometohelpus.ThesecretarytoldmethatthemanagerwasbusyandIshouldcomeatsomeothertime.Allthevillagersaresearchingthelostboy.Wecanprovidethemforwonderfulmeals.Accordingtheschedule,theyshouldhavearrivedyesterday.Weshouldmakegreateffortstocutofftheuseofenergy.Firstly,afriendissomeoneyoucanshareyoursecrets.Fromthenon,we'vekepttouchwitheachotherthroughemails.It'sveryimportantofyoutolearnaforeignlanguage.Whoistheboydressedawhiteshirt?AllofthemwenttoBeijinglastsummerbesideTom.代词人称代词数和格的误用代替复数名词应用相应的复数人称代词，代替单数名词应用相应的单数人称代词。主格人称代词多在句子中做主语，而宾格人称代词多在句子中作宾语物主代词数和格的误用代替复数名词应用相应的复数物主代词，代替单数名词应用相应的单数物主代词。形容词性物主代词多在句子中作定语，修饰名词；而名词性物主代词多在句子中作主语、宾语、表语Mycomputerisbetterthanher.反身代词的误用反身代词多用作介词或动词的宾语Nooneteachesthegirl.SheteachesherEnglish.不定代词、指示代词的误用both/either/all/neither/none/bothother/others/anotherit/that/one/onesTheBrownstriedhisbesttohelpthepoorboy.Thedoctorgavehimsomemedicineandtoldhimtotakethembeforehewenttobed.I'mwritingtotellyouopinionaboutwatersaving.Yourdigitalcameraisquitenice.Iwanttobuyit,too.TheTVsetsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthatmadeinGermany.AnAmericanboywantstomakefriendwithaChineseboy.OurteachergaveusalotofadvicesonhowtolearnEnglishwell.ThisisJohn'sandJack'sdesk.Inthatclothesshoponlyman'sclothesaresold.There9sapaper9sfactorynearourschool.Youtoldmethenameofdifferentplantsandtheircharacteristics.Duringthethreeweek'sholiday,hevisitedmanyfamousplacesofinterestinChina.Wechosethecheapestbiscuitsandateitunderatree.Bothmyparentmissyoualot.Buttheycalledbackorsentgreetingcardfromdifferentplaces.Tdliketostaythereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterestsinceIamfamiliarwithBeijing,Icanhelpvisitorsfindtheirwaysinthecity.ButIhavemadeupmymindstospendthevacationfarfromhome.Itwillbeabigsurprisingforthem.hadmanywonderfulexperience,butIalsohadasadone.19.1learnedfrommyteacherthatanearbycompanywaslookingforstudentswithgoodhandwritingtowriteaddressonenvelope.20.suchastherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninalotofAmericanfamily21.1stayedhereforoneandahalfhour1plantomakefriendwiththem.Theytakehimlotsofgoodbookandfreshfruit.WhenIwasinhighschool,mostofmyfriendhadbicycles.OnerainydaywhileIwaswalkinghomewithoneofmyfriend.Heagreedtoreadmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.sheneverseemedtocarewhattherestofusthoughtaboutherliketherestofmyclassmate.Hebeggedmyparentstostayanothercoupleofday.Tomwashavingmuchtroublesgettingupinthemorning.Weenjoychartingandweusuallytalkalotaboutourownfamily.31.1wasplayingatmycousinhouse.32.Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.1cameacrossacrewmakinganewfilmwithoneofmyfavouriteactor.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,IdestroyedeachofmytoyEveryoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutdowntheuseofenergyinourcountry.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwater.weenjoyedseverallocaldish.Mom,IknowIhaveneverexpressedmythanktoyou.YoutoldmethenameofdifferentplantsTherewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.neededtostayinahospitalforatleasttwoweek.动词谓语动词的时态和语态.错用时态最常见的时态错误就是一般现在时和一般过去时态之间的转换Hesaidhehasalreadyfinishedhishomework..误用语态最常见的语态错误是漏掉be动词/不该用被动语态的情况却用了Iknowtheboywhoinvitedtothepartybythegirllastnight..人称和数的错误Heworkinaninternationalcompany.Atthattime,weoftenspendtimetogether.AnEnglishladywasdecidedthatshereallyshouldlearntodrive.However,myfatherhadtoreturntoworkonMondaysoweflybacklastSaturdayafternoon.Thekidwasaskedtogotoschooleverydaybyhisfather.Peterisexcitedtofindthathisfavouritesingerappearedonthestage.Shesaiditwasthebestgiftshehaseverhad.Allyourpapersmusthandedinafterclass.Henotonlycametoseemebutalsogivemetheticket.Whenthedoorwasopened,thethieffoundrunningdownstairs.MotherusedtotellmestoriestillIfallasleep.谓语动词的语气.含有should的虚拟语气的误用表示建议(suggest,advise,recommend,propose)>命令(order,command)>请求(request,require,ask,demand,desire)>坚持(insist)等动词后面的从句用虚拟语气：(should)+动词原形Itis+形容词(important,impossible,necessary,natural,strange,appropriate,advisable,essential,urgent等)+that从句，从句要用：(should)+动词原形.借助于过去表示现在的虚拟语气的误用wish,wouldrather后的宾语从句及asif/though,evenif/though,ifonly等后面的状语从句要用过去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。Itistimethat..•中的that从句借助于过去时表示与现在事实相反，也可借助于:should+动词原形，但should不能省3.含有if条件从句的虚拟语气三种情况条件从句的谓语主句的谓语与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)Should/would/could/mightdo与将来事实相反一般过去时/shoulddo/weretodoShould/would/could/mightdo与过去事实相反过去完成时haddoneShould/would/could/mighthavedone表示虚拟语气的if条件从句中如果含有should,were或had,则可以省略if,然后把should,were或had提前，进行倒装Wouldhecometomorrow,tellhimtoringmeup.4.祈使语气的误用要看主句中是否有谓语动词，如果没有谓语动词，说明位于句子开头的动词应该用祈使语气，即动词原形。IfshewastoliveinNewYork,shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherparentsoften.Hefailedagain.Ifonlyhehasfollowedhisparents'advice.Itisnecessarythatheinformshimselfoftheserules.IwishitisautumninBeijingalltheyeararound.Ifyoucomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemetthefamoussinger.Theteacheradvisedthatwemadegooduseofeveryminute.Shetalkedabouttheplaceofinterestasifshereallyvisiteditbefore.ThestudentsinsistedthattheywouldgotothepartywiththeirEnglishteacher.Iwouldratheryoustayathomeinsteadofgoingtothecinema.1stronglysuggestthatthewholesocietypaysmoreattentiontofoodsafety.情态动词.情态动词基本用法的误用情态动词后用动词原形HesaidthathecouldtosinginEnglish..情态动词表示推测时的误用must表示肯定推测；carTt/couldn't表示否定推测；may/might/could表示可能性推测;shouldhavedone表示本应该做某事而实际未做;needn'thavedone表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了.Need/dare作实义动词和情态动词的误用Need和dare作情态动词多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。Need和dare作情态动词时，其否定是直接在后面加not;作实义动词时，其否定形式借助于do的适当形式。Hedoesn'tneedgotherewithus..Can和beableto的误用Can泳口beableto不能连用动词及短语动词.同义词或近义词的误用如take/bring/carryreceive/acceptYesterdayhereceivedagiftfromagirl,buthedecidednottoreceiveit..形近动词的误用Mybrotherinventedoneofhisfriendstomyhome..连系动词的误用Turn作联系动词，表示变成时，常接表示颜色的形容词，后接名词时，名词前不加冠词Become作联系动词，表示变成时，其后的名词前应加冠词Mybrotherhasturnedateacher..某些基本动词的基本用法错误有些动词可以接双宾语:offer,lend,promise,write,show,teach,hand,sell,return,tell,allow,cause,bring,give,read等有些动词不能接双宾语：explain,suggest,announce,declare....短语动词的误用有些短语动词中的介词是固定的，有些短语动词中的to是介词，需接doingsth,有些短语动词中的动词是及物动词或不及物动词下来短语中的to是介I司：lookforwardto,getdownto,admitto,be/getusedto,stickto,turnto,devoteoneselfto,bedevotedto,payattentionto,applyto...Hedecidedtodevotehismoneytohelpthepoor.IenteredintoacollegewhenIwas20yearsold.Hopeyougoodhealthandmuchhappinesseveryday.Theboyfellthatthechildwasveryweak.AssoonasIsawhim,Iknewhimthoughwehadn'tseeneachotherformanyyears.TheteachersuggestedmethatIshouldworkhard.Thelightsgrewgreenandwecontinueddriving.Jackgotdowntorepairthemachineafterhavingabreak.Ilookforwardtovisitthefamouswriter.Bringthisumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.Onceadecisionhasbeendone,allofusshouldsticktoit.非谓语动词动词不定式.动词不定式基本用法的误用接动词不定式作宾语的动词：afford,aim,appear,agree,arrange,ask,decide,bother,care,choose,come,dare,demand,desire,determine,expect,elect,hope,fail,happen,hesitate,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wait,wish,undertake....动词不定式是否带to的误用后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,listento,lookat,observe等。这类动词用于被动语态时，需要带上to.在hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan等搭配后，不加to在介词but,except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示“不得不，只能：固定搭酉己：cannothelpbut,cannotchoosebut,cannotbut,canbut等后面品艮不带to的动词不定式.动词不定式时态的误用todo表示将来要做某事；tobedoing正在做某事；tohavedone已经做过某事Hebeggedmyparentstostayinganotherday.I'mreallypuzzledwhatthinkorsay.Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.Itrainedhard,sotheycouldn'tchoosebuttostayathome.Totryandfailisbetterthannottryatall.Themanmadealltheworkerstoworkfifteenhoursaday.You'llfeelliketofloatonthegreenocean.HeseemedtobetalkwithhisfriendwhenIsawhiminthestreet.HecanaffordbuythefamouslandscapepaintingofQiBaishi.We'dbetternottomissthechancetoenjoyit.动词・ing形式.动词-ing形式基本用法的误用直接-ing形式作宾语的动词或动词短语：admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forbid,forgive,giveup,imagine,mind,miss,pardon,permit,practice,preventfrom,putoff,risk,suggest,lookforwardto...固定句型中只用-ing形式:It'snouse/gooddoingsth.动词-ing形式与谓语动词的误用.动词-ing形式与其他非谓语动词的误用动词-ing形式表示：令人…的；动词-ed形式表示:感到…的beworth/want/require/need后用动词-ing形式的主动式表达被动意义有些动词既可以接动词的不定式也可接动名词，但意思不同Liveinthecountrysidemakesmylifecomfortableandrelaxing.What'sthelanguagespeakinginyourcountry?Ontheboxwasacardsay:"25centseach”.Afterfinishthework,theworkerswenthome.Hedidn'tmindbeingleavingathome.ItwasnousepretendthatIhadnotseenhim.Themanknockedatthedoormustbeouruncle.Havereadthechapterfourtimes,Ifinallyunderstoodtheauthor'stheory.I'mpleasingtohearit.Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing.过去分词.过去分词和现在分词作状语、定语和补足语的误用过去分词表示被动和完成；现在分词表示主动和进行.过去分词表示该动作已经完成，而现在分词的被动形式beingdone表示该动作正在被执行Thebuildingbeingbuiltlastyearisusedasaschool.Givingmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Hefoundabreakcupontheground.Ihavesoongotusedtolivewithoutmyparentsaround.Heatingtoonehundreddegrees,waterwillboil.Thenewcollegegraduateinsistedonbeingsendingwherehewasmostneeded.ShetriedtomakeherselfunderstandinEnglish.T