2022年英国文学简答题

..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版1FeaturesofScott’shistoricalnovelsScotthasonoutstandinggiftofvivifyingthepasthisnovels,whichcombinehistoricalfactwithromanticimagination,giveapicturesquerepresentationofvarioushistoricalpersonageandevents.HewasespeciallyversedinportrayingScottishhistoryandScottishcharacters,buthealsowasasuccessfulwriteronthehistoryofothercountries.Inhisnovels,historicaleventsarecloselyinterwovenwiththefaresofindividuallife.Besides,thenominalheroesofScott’snovels,usuallyyoungmenofnoblebirtharethrownintoclosecompanionshipwithordinary.Peopleandgothroughaseriousofhardshipsandadventures.Thisarrangementisconvenienttothenovelistindepictingcharactersfromvarioussocialstrataandtheirfatesinhistoricalevents.Butnotafewofthesenovelsarepalefigures.WhenScottdescribeshistoricalevents,heisconcernednotonlywiththelivesanddeedsofkings,Statesmenandotherhistoricalfigures,butisalwaysmindfulofthefatesoftheordinarypeople.Hencethenumerouspen-portraitsofthepeoplefromvarioussocialpositions,whichconstituteanimportantcharacteristicinScott’snovels.Scottisaromantic.But,besidesromanticimagination,healsoreliesuponcarefulstudiesandinvestigationsintothedetailsofhistoricallife.Scott’shistoricalnovelspavedthewayforthedevelopmentoftherealisticnovelofthe19thcentury.Infact,Scott’sliterarycareermarksthetransitionfromromantictorealisminEnglishliteratureofthe19thcentury.2TalkaboutSamuelJohnson’sDictionaryinyourownwordsSomeofthedefinitionsinthedictionaryareoften,quotedtoillustrate.Johnson’spersonalityprejudice.2.Butthedictionaryasawholewasagreatworkofscholarship.Johnson’spurposewastomakeadictionarybymeansofwhichthepronunciationofourlanguagemaybefixed,anditsattainmentfacilitated;bywhichitspuritymaybepreserved,itsuseascertainedanditsdurationlengthened.3.Thoughthedictionaryhasbeendisplacedbylatterones,itworkedanepochinthestudyoftheEnglishlanguage.4.HisDictionaryalsoworkedtheendofEnglishwriter’srelianceonthepatronageofnoblemenforsupport.3Thefeaturesoftheworksofromanticist1.Thegeneralfeatureoftheworksoftheromanticistsisdissatisfactionwiththebourgeoissociety,whichfinalsexpressioninarevoltagainstoranescapefromtheprosaiclife.Theirwritingisfilledwithstrongwilledheroes.Formidable,events,tragic,situations,powerful,ConflictingPassions,andexoticpictures.2.Sometimestheyresorttosymbolicmethods.3.Theromanticistspaidgreatattentiontothespiritualandemotionallifeofman,Natureoftenpersonified,alsoplaysimportantroleintheirworks.4.Poetryofcourseisthebestmediumtoexpressallthesesentiments.Infact,alltheromanticistsmentionedabovewerepoets.TheRomanticPeriodwasoneofpoeticalrevival...可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版4What’sByronichero?Byronicherowhoaremenwithfierypassionsandunbendingwillandexpressthepoet’sownidealoffreedom.Theseheroesriseagainsttyrannyandinjustice,buttheyaremerelylovefightersstrivingforpersonalfreedomandsomeindividualisticends5PrometheusUnbound1.Shelley’smasterpieceisPrometheusUnboundalyricaldramainifacts.2.AccordingtoGreekmyth,Prometheusstolefirefromheavenandtaughtmenhowtouseit.ThefigureofPrometheushasbeensymbolicofthosenoble-heartedrevolutionarieswhodevotethemselvestothejustcauseofthepeopleandsuffer,greatpainsatthehandsoftyrants.3.TheplotofShelley’sdramaisborrowedfromPrometheusBoundaplayoftheGreektragedianAeschylus4.ButShellygivethemythhisowninterpretation5.InthispoemPrometheusrepresentsmankinditself.AndZeus,asymbolofallreactionaryinstitutions.ToShelly,theimageofPrometheusunitesfournousequalities:man’sshapingintellect,hisheroicendurancethedefinitionagainsttyrannyandtheloveofmankindmotherEarthgiveshimstrengthtoendureallsufferingandsendsthespiritsofheroesandmartyrstocheerhim.HisbrideAsiathespiritofloveandgoodnessawaitshiminthedistancePrometheusisreleasedbyHerlustheheroofgreatstrength.6.PrometheusboundbecomesPrometheusUnbound.Thissymbolizesthevictoryformainsstruggleagainsttyrannyandoppression.6WhydidChaucerbecomethefounderofEnglishpoetry?1Chaucer’slearningwaswideinscope2heobtainedgoodknowledgeofLatin,French3thenhisdilomaticmissionstoItalyenableshimtostudythepoemsofdunte,PetrarchandBoccaccio,famousItalianwritersoftherenaissanceperiod,whichwerelatertohaveprofoundinfluenceuponhiswriting.4besides,hewasanardentadmirerofLatinouthors,havingstuddedmanyofthephilosophicalworksprevailingintheMiddleAges5healsohasknowledgeofastronomy,Chauceracquiredanabundantknowledgeoftheworld,whichisessentialforawriter,sonomanofhisdaycouldhavebeenbetterequipped,sociallyandintellectually,tobethefounderofEnglishpoetry7CommentonChaucer’sliterarycareer1itisinterestingtofindthathisliterarycareercanalsobedividedintothreeperiods,correspondingwiththestagesofhislife2thefirstperiodconsistofworkstranslatedfromFrench,asTheRomauntoftheRose3thesecondconsistofworksadaptedfromtheItalian,asTroilusandCriseyde4thethirdincludesTheCanterburyTales,whichispurelyEnglish.5intheFrenchperiod,theauthoristryinghishandonmeter,onlanguage,onsubject6IntheItalianperiod,thepoet’sowncreativenessshowsitselfthroughborrowedthemes7inthethirdperiod,thepoetisnolongerthemereinterpreterofotherpoets8hehashisownchoiceifsubject,hisowngraspofcharacterandhisowndictionandplot8HowdidChaucerlinkthetalestogether?1variousinkindasthesestonesarethepoetsucceededinlinkingthemtogetherthroughtwoways.2thepersonalityofthehostaffordsaclearstringofconnectionfromthefirsttothelasttale,hegivesaunitytothewholework,inviting,critizing,admiring,denouncing,butalwayskeepinghimselfinevidence.3thenthereisanintimateconnectionbetweenthetalesandtheprologue,bothofwhichcomplementeachother.Itisofgreastimportancetoreadthecorrespondingportionoffulldramatic,narrativeandpictorialeffectofwork..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版9TalkaboutChaucer’sachievementinEnglishliterature1Chaucer’scontributiontoEnglishpoetrylieschieflyinthefactthatheintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes.especiallytherhymedcoupletof5accentsiniambicmetertoEnglishpoetry,insteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterativeverse2heisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.HisproductionofsomuchexcellentpoetrywasanimportantfactorinestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry,thespokenEnglishofthetime,consistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.10AnalyzetheimageofhenryVinyourownwords1henryVisthesymbolofShakespeare’sidealkingshipherepresentstheupsurgingpatriotismofthetime,indepictinghenryVasaprinceandasamanShakespearelooksdeepintothepersonalityofhisheroandshowsaprofoundunderstandingofpoliticsandsociallifeofthetime2henryVdescribesprinceHalasabuddingstatesman,Attheoutset,heisshowntobeaprodigalson.KeepingcompanywithsirJohnFalstaff,andotherdisreputablepersonandenjoyingalow,riotouswiththem3thoughleadingariotouslife,Henryiscool—headedandhasastrongwill,Hekeepshalfaneyeonthechanceofpoliticalsuccess,whenheiscalledbyhisfathertoleadthearmy,heenlistsFalstaffasacompanioninarms4afterthebattle,princehenryresumehisoldwaysoflifeagain5onhisfather’sadvice,henryVmakeswarwithFranceinordertopreventhisnoblesfrommakingtrouble.Butbeforethewar,heseestoitthateverythinggoeswellathome,hecrushesaconspiracyofsomenoblelordstoassassinatehimand11WhyisShakespeareoneofthefoundersofrealisminworldliterature?1Shakespeareisoneofthefoundersofrealisminworldliterature,heinsistsonprincipleofrealism.Shakespearefaithfullycharactersinhisplays,themajorsocialcontradictionsofhistime2thus,hishistoricalplaysdescribethedecayingoftheoldfeudalnobilityandrisingofthenewTudormonarchywhichrepresentedteethinterestsofEnglishmerchantsandwell-to-docitizens3hiscomediespaint,inbrightcolors,thelifeandloveoftheyoungmenandwomenjustfreedfromthefeaturesoffeudalism4meanwhile,hisgreattragedies,inthemain,depictthelife–and-deathstrugglebetweenthehumanistsandthedarkpowerofthetime12ShakespearehasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedtobethesummitoftheEnglishrenaissance,andoneofthegreat….why?1shakespeareisoneofthefoundersofrealisminworldliteratureandheinsistsontheprincipleofrealism2thoughhischaracterareoftenclothedinold,foreigndresses,theirthoughtsandfeelingsbelongtoShakespeare’sowntime,andsohisdramabecomesamonumentoftheEnglishrenaissance,Shakespearewroteabouthisownpeopleandforhisowntime.3shakespeare’slongexperiencewiththestageandhisintimateknowledgeofdramaticartthusacquiredmakehimamasterhandforplaywriting,underhishanddramabecomesveryelastic,inordertoreproducethevariousaspectsofreallife,Shakespeareoftencombinesthemajesticwiththefunny,thepoeticwiththeprosaic,andthetragicwiththecomic,hischaracteralsobearthismanifoldquality4Shakespearewasskilledinmanypoeticforms.theSongthesonnetthecoupletandthedramaticblankverse,inhishand,itbecomesamostflexiblemeansofexpressiontoutterallthepossiblethoughts,andfeelingsofhis5ShakespearewasagreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage.HecommandedavocabularylargerthananyotherEnglishwriter,ShakespeareandtheauthorizedversionoftheEnglishBiblearethetwogreattreasuriesoftheEnglishrenaissance,andoneofthegreatestwriterstheworldover...可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版13TalkaboutShakespeare’ssonnetsingaurownwords1in1609appearedShakespeare’ssonnets,neverbeforeimprinted,thecollectioncontains154sonnets2theymayberoughlydividedintothreegroups,numbers1-17arevariationsononetheme,ahandsomeyoungmanisbeingpersuadedtomanyandbegetoffspringwhowillpreservehisbeautyinanewgeneration,thoughhehimselfwillloseitashegrowsold,graduallythisthemegivesplacetotheidealthatthebelovedyouthwillsurvivethroughthepoet’sverse.3numbers18-126areonavarietyofthemes,associatedwithahandsomeyoungman,thepoetenjoyshisfriendshipandisfullofadmirationpromisingtobestowimmortalityontheyoungmanbythepoemshewritesinhishonors4thenbeginsanewseries,principallyaboutamarriedwomanwithdarkhairandcomplexion,theso–called“darkladyofthesonnets〞5forallthat,allcriticsuniteinpraisingthesesonnetsforavarietyofvirtues,theyexpressstrongfeeling,theyhaveadensityofthoughtandimagerythatmakesthemseemthequietessenceofthepoeticalexperience,theydelightbyafelicityofphraseandversemovement,theyalsoaffordtheereadshintsofShakespeare’spersonalityandpersonallife.14WhatitthesignificanceofPamelainEnglishliterature?1SamuelRichardson’sfirstbookPamelatellsofavirtuousservantgirl’sresistancetotheattemptsforyoungmasterandherfinalrewardofhonorablematrimonywiththeman.2Inthisnovelforthefirsttime,RichardsongaveadetaildescriptionoftheEnglishfamilylifeinthe18thcentury.Thereisnotmuchactioninthestory.Theauthorchieflydescribesandanalysesthethoughtsandespeciallythefeelingsoftheheroineingreatdetail.3thechiefcontributionofthisnoveltothedevelopmentoftheEnglishnovelliesinthepenetratingpsychologicalstudyoftheheroineemployedforthefirsttineintheEnglishprosefiction.4Pamelaiswrittenintheformofanepistolarynovel.15WhyisPamelathefirstEnglishpsycho-analyticalnovel?Pamelawasanewthinginthreeways:1firstly,itdiscardedthe“improbableandmarvelous〞accomplishmentsoftheformerheroicromances,andpicturedthelifeandloveofordinarypeople2secondly,itsdescribednotonlythesayingsanddoingofcharactersbutalsotheirsecretthoughtsandfeelings3thirdly,itdescribednotonlythesayinganddoingsofcharacterbutalsotheirsecretthoughtsandfeelings.Itwas,infactthefirstEnglishpsycho-analyticalnovel...可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版16WhatisParsonAdamsinJosephAndrewlike?1heiseverreadytohelptheweakandoppressed.Butheisscoffedatandvictimizedbythevulgarandworldly-wisepersons.2despitehisrusticappearance,thisparsonisamanofextraordinarylearning3heisthemostabsent-mindedmanintheworld.Hiscapacityformissinghiswayandlosinghimselfisalsowonderful4but,inspiteofallhisweaknesses,ParsonAdamsisagoodman.Hespeciallylovespoorandhumblepeople,becausehehimselfispoorandupright.Healwayskeepshisdignity.5itisthistruthfulnessanduprightnessthatgivethecharacterofParsonAdamsapeculiarbeauty6infact,heisthemostoutstandingcharacterinthenovel17TellthecharacteristicsofTomJones1tomJones,thefondling,isahandsomeyoungman.Heisfrankandopen,kind,disinterested,and,throughquick-tempered,devoidofmalice.Hisoutstandingqualityis“goodnature“and“goodnessofheart〞2heisneveranindifferentspectatorofthemiseryorhappinessofanyone.Hewouldnotwillinglyinflicteventhemosttriflinghurtonanybody3good-heartedasheisTomisveryfarfrombeing