-Unit 1（单词、语法、短语）-人教版八年级英语上册

新目标八年级上册Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?讲义词性转换SectionAwonder→(adj.)wonderfulI→(反身代词)myselfyou→(反身代词)yourselfyourself→(pl.)yourselvesseem→(pt.)seemedSectionBactivity→(pl.)activitiesdecide→(n.)decisiontry→(pt.)triedbike→(同义词)bicyclebuild→(n.)buildingdifference→(adj.)differentlike→(反义词)dislikebelow→(反义词)above短语归纳1.goonvacation去度假2.stayathome待在家里3.gotothemountains去爬山4.gotothebeach去海滩5.visitmuseums参观博物馆6.gotosummercamp去参加夏令营7.quiteafew相当多8.studyfor为……而学习9.goout出去10.mostofthetime多部分时间11.tastegood尝起来很好吃12.haveagoodtime玩得高兴13.ofcourse当然14.feellike感受到15.goshopping去购物16.inthepast在过去17.walkaround四处走走18.toomany太多19.becauseof因为20.onebowlof一碗……21.thenextday第二天22.drinktea喝茶23.findout找出，查明24.goon继续25.takephotos照相26.somethingimportant重要的事27.upanddown上上下下28.comeup出来29.seemtobe好像30.ridebicycles骑自行车31.thetopofthehill山顶三、句型集萃buysthforsb=buysbsth为某人买某物taste+形容词尝起来…look+形容词看起来…nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有seem+(tobe)+形容词看起来……arrivein+大地方/arriveat+小地方到达reach+地点；getto+地点decidetodosth决定去做某事trydoingsth尝试做某事trytososth尽力去做某事enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事wanttodosth想去做某事startdoingsth开始做某事stopdoingsth停止做某事dislikedoingsth不喜欢做某事Whynotdosth?为什么不做……呢？so+形容词+that+从句如此……以至于……tellsb(not)todosth告诉某人（不要）做某事keepdoingsth继续做某事forgettodosth忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事四、重点句子1.Wheredidyougoonvacation?你去哪儿度假的？vacationn.假期通常指任何节假日或休假日，单复数均可，是美式用法。holidayn.假期指规定的不工作的日子，表示“假期”常用复数，是英式用法。leaven.指工作的请假或休假。Onholiday/vacation在度假spendaholiday度假e.g.：在春节期间，学生们在放假。DuringtheSpringFestival,studentsareonholidays.小强请了三天病假。Xiaoqiangaskedforasickleaveofthreedays.Ex.1.IthinkI’lltakea_______thisweekend.A.leaveB.onholidayC.vacationD.vacations2.Didyougoanywhereinteresting?你去有趣的地方了吗？Anywhereinteresting任何有趣的地方Somewhere/anythere/nowheresomething/anything/nothingsomebody/anybody/anyone等都是不定代词。当有形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词要放在这些不定代词的后面。一般情况下，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句；any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句。不定代词在句中作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。Ex.1.【2022连云港】---Haveyoubought________forLinda’sbirthday?---Notexactly.Justsomeflowers.A.somethingunusualB.anythingunusualC.unusualsomethingD.unusualanything2.【2022北京】Look!Theclockhasstopped.Maybethere’s_______wrongwithit.A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing3.【2022南京】Iwaslookingforabirthdaygiftformymother,butIcouldn’tfind______suitable.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything3.Longtimenosee.好久不见。这是一句直译式的英文，类似的表达“Goodgoodstudy,daydayup.”好好学习，天天向上。e.g.：过得好吗，兄弟？好久不见！What’sgoingon,brother?Longtimenosee.4.Ijuststayedathomemostofthetimetoreadandrelax.大多数时间我只是待在家里看书和放松。Mostofthetime大多数时间most的单复数概念取决于of后面的名词，谓语动词根据of后面的名词决定。e.g.：我们学校大部分学生来自农村。Mostofthestudentsinourschoolarefromthecountry.relaxv.放松relaxedadj.放松的一般修饰人；relaxingadj.令人放松的一般修饰物；ex.1.【2022乌鲁木齐】Listeningtothe______musicalwaysmakesme_______.A.relaxed;relaxingB.relaxed;relaxedC.relaxing;relaxingD.relaxing;relaxed2.【2022昆明】—WherewouldyouliketogothisMid-AutumnFestival?—I’dliketogo_______.A.everywhererelaxingB.somewhererelaxingC.peacefulanywhereD.peacefulsomewhere5.Stillnooneseemedtobebored.好像仍然没有人感到无聊。①bored是形容词，“无聊的；无趣的”，常用来形容人；boring“令人厌烦的”常用来形容物。e.g.我变得很烦躁是因为这不无聊的电影。Igotveryboredbecauseoftheboringmovie.[拓展]在英语中，有些动词的过去分词已经变为形容词，常见的有：lose→lost丢失的；please→pleased高兴的；surprise→surprised惊奇的；excite→excited兴奋的；interest→interested感兴趣的Ex.---Wouldyouliketogooutforawalk?---Goodidea,andtheTVprogramsaretoo_______.A.wonderfulB.interestingC.excitingD.boring②seem意为“似乎；好像”，可作为连系动词或不及物动词，用法归纳如下：1）“主语+seem+(tobe)+表语”，表语多为名词或形容词。e.g.汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。Tomseems(tobe)averycleverboy.2)“主语+seem+不定式”，此句型中seem与不定式一起构成谓语。e.g.格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。Mrs.Greendoesn’tseem/seemsnottoliketheidea.3)“Itseemsthat+从句”，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。e.g.似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事情。Itseemsthatnooneknowswhathappenedinthepark.4)“there+seemtobe+名词”，其中tobe可以省略。Seem的单复数需要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。e.g.看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。Theredoesn’tseemtobemuchhopeofourbeatingthatteam.Ex.1.Childrenseemed_________eatingsomethingintheroom.A.thatB.toC.tobeD./2.They_______tobeteachers.They_______verykindtothechildren.A.look;seemB.appear;seemC.seem;lookD.appear;look6.Itwaswonderful!Wetookquiteafewphotosthere.非常美妙。我们还在那里拍了不少照片。quiteafew“相当多，不少”+可数名词复数。e.g.在我们班，我很有几个朋友。Ihavequiteafewfriendsinmyclass.[拓展]afew,few,little,alittle辨析afew“一些”+可数名词复数few“几乎没有”+可数名词复数alittle“一些”+不可数名词little“几乎没有”+不可数名词ex.【2022河北中考】We’dbetterwait_______moreminutes.IthinkJeffwillcomesoon.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little【2022铜仁】In

our

school,

______

students

like

English,

but

______

of

them

can

speak

English

smoothly.

A.

a

little;

a

few

B.

a

few;

few

C.

a

few,

little

D.

a

little;

few

7.Itwasandhot,sowedecidedtogotothebeachnearourhotel.天气晴朗又炎热，于是我们决定到酒店附近的海滩去。Decidev.决定；选定Decidetodosth.决定做某事=makeupone’smindtodo可以改写为decide+that从句Decidenottodosth.决定不做某事。Decide名词形式为decision.e.g.他决定买一辆新车。Hedecidedtobuyanewcar.=Hedecidedthathewouldbuyanewcar.她决定不去北京了。ShedecidednottogotoBeijing.Ex.【2022南宁中考】Goldilocksdecided_________forawalkintheforest.A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes【2022甘肃白银】Ihaven’tdecidedwhen_______aholidayyet.A.tookB.takingC.totakeD.take8.MysisterandItryparagliding.我和姐姐尝试了滑翔伞运动。①try做动词讲，“尝试；努力”trytodosth.尽力做某事；trynottodosth.尽力不去做某事Trydoingsth.试着做某事；tryone’sbesttodo尽某人最大努力做某事；tryon试穿。e.g.他正在努力花一匹马。Sheistryingtodrawahorse.如果你告诉我你的困难，我将尽力帮助你。Ifyoutellmeyourdifficulties,Iwilltrymybesttohelpyou.你想试试这件连衣裙吗？Wouldyouliketotrythisdressingon?做名词讲，“尝试，努力”。Letmehaveatry.让我试试。Ex.【2022衢州28】Manychildrenareleftaloneinthecountryside.Let’stryourbest_______them.A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps9.Iwonderwhatlifewaslikeinthepast.我很好奇这里过去的生活会是什么样的。①做动词，“想知道；琢磨”，常接宾语从句。e.g.我琢磨着那是什么意思。Iwonderwhatthatmeans.②做名词，“奇迹，奇观”。e.g.TheGreatWallisaman-madewonder.长城是人造的奇迹。Ex.【2022武汉中考】---IsKateserious?---I_______shenevermeansit.A.supposeB.agreeC.believeD.wonder10.Whatadifferenceadaymakes!多么不同的一天啊！①这是一个由what引导的感叹句，结构：what+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！e.g.她是一个多么漂亮的女孩啊！Whatabeautifulgirlsheis![拓展]what引导感叹句强调名词，可强调可数名词、不可数名词或名词复数。How引导的感叹句强调形容词。e.g.今天的天气真好！Whatfineweatheritis!=Howfinetheweatheris!Ex.【2022黔西】—______beautifulskirt!—Thankyou.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa【2022黄石】_______funitistohaveicecreaminhotsummer!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa【2022安顺】_______goodtimetheyhadlastweekend!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa11.Andbecauseofthebadweather,wecouldn’tseeanythingbelow.并且由于这坏天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。Becauseof“因为…”+名词或代词=because+句子；上面句子改写为：Wecouldn’tseeanythingbelowbecausetheweatherwasbad.e.g.Peter因为生病住院了。Peterstayedinhospitalbecauseofhisillness.=becausehewasill.Ex.【2022玉林】_____heexerciseseveryday,______heisveryhealthy.A.Because;soB.Because;thoughC.Because;/D.Though;/【2022大连】Markisn’tcomingtotheconcert_______hehasgottoomuchworktodo.A.soB.untilC.althoughD.because12.Myfatherdidn’tbringenoughmoney,soweonlyhadonebowlofriceandsomefish.爸爸没有带足够的钱，所以我们只吃了一碗米饭和一点鱼。①enough做形容词讲，“足够的；充分的”，常与for或不定式连用，修饰名词，enough+名词；e.g.他有足够的前买一辆汽车。Hehasenoughmoneytobuyacar.②enough做副词讲，“十分地；充分地；足够地”；adj./adv+enough；e.g.他的功课还不够好，还考不及格。Sheisn’tgoodenoughfortheexam.Ex.Idon’tknowhim_______toaskhimforhelp.A.goodenoughB.enoughgoodC.enoughwellD.wellenough【2022绥化】---Howdoyoulikethetalkshow?---Ithinkit’s________,butsomepeoplethinkit’sso________.A.wonderfulenough;boredB.enoughwonderful;boringC.wonderfulenough;boring【2022贺州】Thismoviewasn’t_______.Hefellasleephalfwaythroughit.A.interestingenoughB.enoughinterestingC.interestedenoughD.enoughintersted五、语法归纳：一般过去时1.概念：表示过去发生的动作，常与过去的时间状语连用。2.谓语构成：（1）动词的过去式（2）was/were3.句式：（1）肯定句主+动词的过去式+其他主+was/were+其他(2)否定句主+didn’t+动词原形+其他主+wasn’t/weren’t+动词原形+其他(3)一般疑问句Did+主+动词原形+其他?Was/Were+主+其他？肯定回答Yes,主+did./No,主+didn’t.否定回答Yes,主+was/were./No,主+wasn’t/weren’te.g.Hewenttothezooyesterday.昨天他去了动物园。否定句：Hedidn’tgotothezooyesterday.一般疑问句：Didhegotothezooyesterday?肯定回答：Yes,hedid.否定回答：No,hedidn’t.MarywasborninBeijing.玛丽在北京出生。否定句：Marywasn’tborninBeijing.一般疑问句：WasMaryborninBeijing?肯定回答：Yes,shewas.否定回答：No,shewasn’t.(4)特殊疑问句由“疑问词+一般疑问句”构成，Hewasbornin1985.→Whenwasheborn?Hehiccuppedfor69yearsand5months.→Howlongdidhehiccup?Hestartedhiccuppingin1992.→Whendidhestarthiccupping?4.用法：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。标志词：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek/month/year,in2008,fivedaysago,once,atthattime,justnow等。e.g.我刚才去你班上了。Iwenttoyourclassroomjustnow.我是两年前来到襄阳的。IcametoXiangyangtwoyearsago.注意：两个或两个以上动词用and连接时，如果前一个用动词是一般过去时，那么后面的动词也要用一般过去时。e.g.Sheputonherschoolclothesadrantotheschool.实战演练：1.【2022湖南娄底】27.---Whatdidyoudolastnight?---I_________TVandreadbooks.A.watchB.watchedC.havewatched2.【2022重庆】27.—Icalledyouyesterdayevening,butyouwerenotin.—sorry,I_____intheshopwithmymother.A.am B.willbe C.wasD.havebeen3.【2022湖南邵阳】30.Doyouhear___________justnow?A.whatIsaid B.whatI'msaying C.whatIsays4.【2022河南】24.—What______thenoise,Bill?—Sorry,Ibrokemyglass.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe5.【2022浙江宁波】31.Tony_______footballeveryweekendwhenhewasyoung.A.plays B.played C.isplaying D.hasplayed6.【2022河北】37.Ken________hisjacketinthegym.Hehastogetitback.A.leftB.leavesC.isleavingD.wasleaving7.【2022山东滨州】33.IknowalittleaboutThailand,asI_______therethreeyearsago.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.willgoD.went8.【2022四川泸州】8.Oh,youarehere.I_______youcameback.A.don'tknowB.didn'tknowC.haven'tknownD.won'tknow9.【2022内蒙古呼和浩特】2.—Excuseme,lookatthesignNOPHOTOS!—Sorry,I________it.A.don’tsee B.didn’tseeC.haven’tseen D.won’tsee10.【2022湖北武汉】28.—That’sanicemobilephone.—Itis.Myaunt_______itformylastbirthday.A.buyB.willbuyC.haveboughtD.bought不定代词不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。（1）初中阶段常用不定代词：some;anyfew;littlenoneoneothermany;mucheither;neithereach;everyboth;all(2)普通不定代词的用法①some和anySome和any均表示“一些”，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词；some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句中、否定句和条件句中。但是，在表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时用some。e.g:教室里一个学生也没有。Therearen’t________studentsintheclassroom.看，有几个男孩儿在踢球。Look!Someboysareplayingfootball.你要喝咖啡吗？Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?②many和muchMany修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词，两者均可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。e.g.他从来不吃这么多早餐。Henevereatssomuchbreakfast.你需要多少瓶水？Howmanybottlesofwaterdoyouneed?(3)复合不定代词①初中阶段常用复合不定代词列表如下：Somebody某人Anybody某人/任何人Nobody没有人Everybody每人