选择固定液的基本原测试题

(一)单选题1.选择固定液的基本原则是：HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)相似相溶HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)待测组分分子量HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)组分在两相的分配HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)流动相分子量参考答案：(C)

2.下列方法中，那个不是气相色谱定量分析方法HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)峰面积测量HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)峰高测量HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)标准曲线法HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)相对保留值测量参考答案：(D)

3.每克树脂能参加交换反应的活性基团数目越多，则树脂的（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)交换容量越大HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)选择性越好HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)交联度越大HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)网状结构越紧密参考答案：(A)

4.高效液相色谱法中，对于极性组分，当增大流动相的极性，可使其保留值（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)不变HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)增大HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)减小HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)增大或减小参考答案：(C)

5.下列保留参数中不能用做定性分析依据的是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)死时间tmHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)保留时间tRHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)调整保留时间t’RHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)相对保留值ri，s

参考答案：(A)

6.用薄层色谱法对待测组分定性，准确度最高的是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)斑点至原点的距离HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)比移值RfHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)相对比移值HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)保留时间参考答案：(B)

7.为了提高气相色谱定性分析的准确度，常采用其他方法结合佐证，下列方法中不能提高定性分析准确度的是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)使用相对保留值作为定性分析依据HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)使用待测组分的特征化学反应佐证HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)与其他仪器联机分析（如GC-MS）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)选择灵敏度高的专用检测器参考答案：(D)

8.在HPLC中，范氏方程中对柱效影响可以忽略不计的因素是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)涡流扩散HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)纵向扩散HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)固定相传质阻力HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)流动相传质阻力参考答案：(B)

9.用液-液分配色谱中，下列哪对固定相/流动相的组成符合反相色谱形式（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)石蜡油/正己烷HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)石油醚/苯HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)甲醇/水HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)氯仿/水参考答案：(A)

10.液-固色谱法中，样品各组分的分离依据是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)各组分的化学性质不同HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)各组分在流动相的溶解度不同HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)各组分的挥发性不同HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)吸附剂对各组分的吸附力不同参考答案：(D)

11.用薄层分析定性的主要依据是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)分配系数HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)分配比HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)组分移动的距离HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)比移值参考答案：(D)

12.高效液相色谱法中，对于极性组分，当增大流动相的极性，可使其保留值（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)快HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)慢HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)相同HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)不一定参考答案：(C)

13.某组分在固定相中的浓度为CA,在流动相中的浓度为CB，则此组分在两相中的分配系数K为（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)参考答案：(A)

14.下列参数中不属于色谱图参数的是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)tRHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)WHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)AHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)R参考答案：(D)

15.比移值（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)原点至溶剂前沿的距离/原点至斑点中心的距离HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)原点至斑点中心的距离/原点至溶剂前沿的距离HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)原点至斑点中心的距离/斑点至溶剂前沿的距离HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)斑点中心至溶剂前沿的距离/原点至溶剂前沿的距离参考答案：(B)

16.吸附色谱中，吸附剂含水量越高，则（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)活性越低HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)活性越高HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)吸附能力越大HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)活性级别越小参考答案：(A)

17.在液相色谱中,范氏方程中的哪一项对柱效能的影响可以忽略不计?()HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)涡流扩散项HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)分子扩散项HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)固定相传质阻力项HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)流动相中的传质阻力参考答案：(B)

18.以硅胶做填料的填充色谱柱气相色谱法的主要分离原理是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)吸附HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)分配HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)离子交换HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)体积排阻参考答案：(A)

19.阳离子、阴离子及中性分子经高效毛细管电泳法分离，若电渗淌度大于阴离子的电泳淌度，则它们的先后流出顺序为（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)阴离子、中性分子、阳离子HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)中性分子、阴离子、阳离子HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)阳离子、中性分子、阴离子HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)阳离子、阴离子、中性分子参考答案：(C)

20.分离因子a：()HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)与柱温无关HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)与所用固定相有关HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)同气化温度有关HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)与柱填充状况及流速有关参考答案：(B)

21.在液-液分配柱色谱中，若某一含a、b、c、d、e组分的混合样品在柱上的分配系数分别为105、85、310、50、205，组分流出柱的顺序应为（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)a、b、c、d、eHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)c、d、a、b、eHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)c、e、a、b、dHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)d、b、a、e、c参考答案：(D)

22.下列因素中不是色谱分离度（R）的影响因素的是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)色谱柱效能HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)色谱柱容量HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)色谱柱选择性HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)色谱柱形状参考答案：(D)

23.当下列因素改变时，色谱柱效能的指标塔板数（n）或有效塔板数（neff）不会随之改变的是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)色谱柱对该组分的选择性越好HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)该组分检测准确度越高HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)该组分与相邻组分的分离度可能高HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)该组分检测灵敏度高参考答案：(D)

24.用薄层色谱法分离两极性组分，其Rf值分别为0.197和0.201，可采取下列哪种措施改善分离效果（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)换用极性较弱的展开剂HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)换用吸附性更强的固定相HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)采用多次展开法HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)使层析缸中溶剂蒸汽充分饱和后再展开参考答案：(C)

25.在纸色谱中，若被分离各组分的极性强弱不同，当选用弱极性溶剂展开时，比移值Rf最大的是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)弱极性组分HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)中等极性组分HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)强极性组分HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)无法确定参考答案：(A)

26.离子交换色谱适用于分离（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)非电解质HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)电解质HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)小分子有机物HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)大分子有机物参考答案：(B)

27.高效液相色谱法中，常用的流动相有水、乙腈、甲醇、正己烷，其极性大小顺序为（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)参考答案：(D)

28.气相色谱检测器“基线噪音”增大的主要原因是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)检测器被污染HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)样品基体复杂HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)进样量过大HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)载气流速过大参考答案：(A)

29.高效液相色谱法的分离效能比经典液相色谱法高，主要原因是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)载液种类多HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)操作仪器化HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)采用高效固定相HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)采用高灵敏度检测器参考答案：(C)

30.气相色谱仪分离效率的好坏主要取决于何种部件：HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)进样系统HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)分离柱HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)热导池HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)检测系统参考答案：(B)

31.用高效液相色谱法测定生物样品中的的含量，应选择何种检测器最佳（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)紫外光度检测器HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)荧光检测器HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)示差折光检测器HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)电导检测器参考答案：(D)

32.在高效液相色谱中，提高柱效能的有效途径是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)进一步提高载液流速HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)改进填充物的表面结构HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)示差折光检测器HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)采用更灵敏的检测器参考答案：(B)

33.在GC和LC中,影响柱的选择性不同的因素是()HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)固定相的种类HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)柱温HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)流动相的种类HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)分配比参考答案：(A)

34.为了提高气相色谱定性分析的准确度，常采用其他方法结合佐证，下列方法中不能提高定性分析准确度的是（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)使用相对保留值作为定性分析依据HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)使用待测组分的特征化学反应佐证HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)选择灵敏度高的专用检测器HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)与其他仪器联机分析（如GC-MS）参考答案：(D)

35.用薄层色谱法对待测组分定性时，可采用（）HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)斑点至原点的距离HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)比移值RfHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)斑点面积大小HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)斑点的颜色参考答案：(B)

36.在气相色谱中，两峰完全分离的标志是()HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)R=1.0HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)R=1.2HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)R=1.5参考答案：(D)

37.在气-液色谱分析中,当两组分的保留值很接近,且峰很窄,但只能部分分离，其原因是()HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)柱效能太低HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)容量因子太大HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(C)柱子太长*HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(D)固定相选择性不好参考答案：(D)

(二)判断题1.用薄层色谱法分离强极性物质时，应选用活性低的吸附剂和极性强的展开剂。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(A)

2.高效液相色谱法所用的流动相，一般要经过纯化及脱气处理。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(A)

3.如果两组份的分配系数(K)或分配比（k）不相等，则两组份一定能在色谱柱中分离。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(A)

4.色谱峰的定性分析依据都与操作条件有关。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(B)

5.化学键合固定相无固定液流失，传质速度快，柱效高，热稳定性好，选择性好，但不适于做梯度洗脱。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(B)

6.在吸附色谱法中，流动相的极性应与被分离物质的极性相似。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(A)

7.在分配色谱法中，固定液的极性应与被测物质的极性相似。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(A)

8.在分配色谱法中，若被分离物质的极性大，应选择极性大的固定液、极性小得流动相。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(A)

9.高效液相色谱法中采用内标法定量，内标物应选用样品中不含有的纯物质。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(A)

10.气相色谱仪只适合于气体样品的分离、分析。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(B)

11.紫外-可见光度检测器因对流动相温度和流速敏感，所以不能用于梯度洗脱。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(B)

12.开口毛细管色谱柱柱内没有填料，因此不存在涡流扩散。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(B)

13.流动相流速越大，传质阻力项越大，柱效能越低。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(A)

14.在高效液相色谱法中，纵向扩散对柱效能的影响较大。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(B)

15.分配系数大的组分比移植大，分配系数小得组分比移植小。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(B)

16.分离酸性物质时，不能使用碱性氧化铝。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(A)

17.若被分离物质极性小，应选择含水量多、活性小的吸附剂，极性大的流动相。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(A)对HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1(B)错参考答案：(B