初中英语定语从句系统讲解与配套练习

..初中英语定语从句系统讲解及配套练习一．定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.

二、定语从句的关系词关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who〔宾格whom,所有格whose等;关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉的话,主句的意思就不完整,意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词,如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对其附加说明,也就是讲即便去掉定语从句,句意也不受影响,仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句,如：MichaelJaskon,whoisthegreatestsingerintheworld,passedawayin2010.如：MarylivedinthecityofHongkong,whereusedtobeasmallpoorcountryside.关系代词的用法

1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.〔语玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。Thecoat〔thatIputonthedeskisblue.〔语我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.〔语位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

Thefilm〔whichwesawlastnightwaswonderful.3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.〔语经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。

Whoistheteacher〔whomLiMingistalkingto？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁〔作宾语

Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.4.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语.可译为"…的"

例如：●Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

●Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

例如▼Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

▼Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?★注意：〔1当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用"介词+which/whom"结构。例如：●Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。

●Doyouknowthegirlwithwhomyourteacheristalking.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。〔2含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。〔3that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：Thecitythat/whichshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。指物时关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：

Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？

c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：

IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.

我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如：

Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如：

ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。g.关系代词作表语时一般不用who,而用that。如:Heisnotthemanthathewas.他不是从前的他了。<从句中that是was的表语>关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况：

a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。关系副词的用法

〔1when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。

〔2where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如：Thisistheplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。Thisisthehousewhere／<inwhich>helives.

〔3why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。六、了解关系副词与关系代词转换规律关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代词whom<先行词指人>/which<先行词指物>引导定语从句<这种方法更为正式>。例:MaryisthegirlwhomIborrowedabookfrom.=MaryisthegirlfromwhomIborrowedabook.玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。Isthistheroomthat/whichheoncelivedin?=Isthistheroominwhichheoncelived?=Isthistheroomwhereheoncelived?这是他曾经住过的房子吗?★常见的有以下几种情况:where=in/onwhich例:Thisistheroomwhere/inwhichhelives.这是他住的房间。Icanseetheplaygroundwhere/onwhichtheydosports.我能看见他们进行运动的操场。when=on/in/atwhich例:Istillremembertheyearwhen/inwhichIjoinedtheParty.我仍然记得入党的那一年。Istillrememberthehourwhen/atwhichtherocketwaslaunched.我仍然记得那个火箭发射的时刻。why=forwhich例:Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaskilled.这是他被杀害的原因。但下列情况下介词不能提前:⑴用who代替whom,用that代替which时,介词不能提前。例:He’stheboywhoIlearnedEnglishfrom.这是我向他学英语的男孩。ThisshouldbetheplacethatTomsenttheparcelto.这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。⑵当whom、which省去时介词不能提前。例:Ishetheboyyouwenttherewith?他是和你一起去那儿的男孩吗?Thisistheroomhelivedin.这是他住过的房间。⑶当whom,which作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时,介词一般来说不能拆开提前。例:You’retheverymanwhomI’mlookingfor.你正是我在找的那个人。●热身训练一.单项填空。1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.

who

C.which

D.whom2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim？A.which

B.inwhich

C.that

D.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday？A.thatyoubought

B.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtit

D.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagrees

B.whoagreeC.whoagrees

D.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.that

B.it

C.which

who7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’s

B.whose

C.that

ofwhich.8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；is

B.whom；was

C.who；is

D.who；was9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.who10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatwelive

B.onwhichweliveC.wherewelivein

D.welivein二.

用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。1.

Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.2.

April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.

Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.

Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.

Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow？初中英语定语从句练习题〔一

一.选择填空

1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.

A.whichB.whatC.asD.those

2.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

4.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.

A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat

7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..

A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobserved

C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved

8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether

9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which

10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.what

12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.

A.whichB.itC.thatD.what

13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

14.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.

A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging

15.Those___notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn

16.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.

A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst

17.Didn’tyouseetheman________?

A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow

C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow

18.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit

C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout

19.Isthereanything_______toyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs

C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs

20.----"Howdoyoulikethebook?"

----"It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth."

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadlreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers

22.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.

A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat

23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.

A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which

24.Antarctic_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich

25.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.

A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived

26.Itwasin1969_______theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich

27.Maythefourthistheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.

A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich

28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_______livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where

29.Thehotel_______duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.

A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed

30.Isitinthatfactory_______"RedFlag"carsareproduced?

A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that

31.ItistheSuezCanal_______separatesAsia______Africa.

A.which,toB.where,fromC.that,fromD.that,with

32.Underthebridge,however,almostdirectlybelow,_______wasasmallcanoe,withaboyinit.

A.thereB.whereC.itD.which

33.Heisnot______afool_______.

A.such,asheislookedB.such,ashelooks

C.as,asheislookedD.so,ashelooks

34.Isthatthereason_______youareinfavouroftheproposal?

A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat

35.HemustbefromAfrica,_______canbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.what

36.Hehastwosons,_______workaschemists.

A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom

37.I,_______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis

38.Heisamanofgreatexperience,_______muchcanbelearned.

A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom

39.----Doyouknowthetownatall?--No,thisisthefirsttimeI________here.

A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming

40.Idon’tlike_______youspeaktoher.

A.thewayB.thewayinthat

C.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

41.Thetwothings_______theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.

A.aboutwhichB.ofwhich

C.inwhichD.forwhich

42.Thedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe______.

A.wouldhaveB.havehadC.hadneverhadD.hadeverhad

43.Doyouknowwhichhotel_______?

A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayinginC.isshestayingD.isshestayingin

44.Thereisonlyonething_______Icando.

A.whatB.thatC.allD.which

45.Whocanthinkofasituation________thisidiomcanbeused?

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat

46.Ihavemanybooks,someof_______areonchemistry.

A.themB.thatC.whichD.those

47.Theywereinterested_______youtoldthem.

A.inwhichB.inthatC.allthatD.ineverything

48.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,________much

helpforknowingspace.

A.whichwethinkitisB.whichwethinkareof

C.ofwhichwethinkisD.Ithinkwhichisof

49.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardto_______atlast.

A.comeB.cameC.comingD.comes

50.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch_______washeldlastweek.

A.whichB.whoC.thatD./初中英语定语从句练习题〔二用适当的关系词填空：

1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.

2.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.

3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.

4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.

5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.

6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.

7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?

8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?

9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?

10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?

11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.

12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.

13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.

14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.

15.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.

16.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

17.Themoment_____Isawyou,Irecognized<认出>you.

18.Thisistheverynovelabout____we'vetalkedsomuch.

19.Thisistheway____hedidit.

20.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?

21.Who_____knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?

22.Whatelsewasthereinmybrother____youdidn'tlike?

23.Helivesintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.

24.Helivesintheroom,thewindow_____facestothesouth.

25.ThisisMr.Johnfor____sonIbroughtabookyesterday.

26.ThisisMr.Johnfor_____Iboughtabookyesterday.

27.Thisisthehour_____theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.

28.Andthereisonepoint______I'dlikeyouradvice.

29.Winteristhetimeofyear______thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.

30.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace____youmayspendyourweekend.初中英语定语从句练习题〔三

〔充分考虑先行词在从句中的句法作用

1.Afootballfan<球迷>is_____hasastronginterestinfootball.

A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.what

2.Thehouse,_____wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.

A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof

3.Canyoulendmethenovel_____theotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit

C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout

4.Thematter_____youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.

A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich

5.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons_____theyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom

6.Who_____hascommonsense〔常识willdosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that

7.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.

A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.what

8.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where

9.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.

A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all

10.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.

A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which

11.Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

12.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

13.-Howdoyoulikethebook?

-It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

14.Whichsentenceiswrong?

A.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.

B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?

C.Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.

D.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.

15.Thetrain_____shewastravelingwaslate.

A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat

16.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_____thepapersarekept.

A.whereB.onwhichC.underwhichD.which

17.Antarctic_____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich

18.It’sthethirdtime_____latethismonth.

A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived

19.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.

A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because

20.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.

A.whenB.duringthatC.inwhichD.which

21.Hewasbornintheyear_____theAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeout.

A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.duringwhich

22.Mr.Crossettwillneverforgettheday_____hespentwithhisvariousstudents.

A.whenB.whichC.duringwhichD.onwhich

23.Thisisjusttheplace_____Iamlongingtovisittheseyears.

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.towhere

24.WearegoingtospendtheSpringfestivalinGuangzhou,_____livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where

25.Thehotel_____duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.

A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed

26.Ihaveboughtthesamedress_____sheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.than

27.Heisnot_____afool_____.

A.such/asheislookedB.such/ashelooks

C.as/asheislookedD.so/ashelooks

28.Isthatthereason_____youareinfavoroftheproposal?

A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat

29.Someoftheroadswereflooded,_____madeourjourneymoredifficult.

A.whichB.itC.whatD.that

30.HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.what

31.Hehastwosons,_____workaschemists.

A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom

32.Thebuses,_____werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.

A.mostofthatB.whichmostC.mostofwhichD.thatmost

33.Myglasses,_____Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.

A.whichB