新概念二语法点总结

新概念二语法点总结新概念二语法点总结新概念二语法点总结V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考新概念二语法点总结日期：20xx年X月新概念2语法知识点总结一、一般现在时：1.构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。(1)直接加“s”，works，takes(2)以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”carry→carries(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加“es”goesdresseswatchesbrushes2．功能：(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作：eg:.Birdsfly..Shelovesmusic..Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.(2)表习惯性动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，everyweek，seldom，occasionally，frequently等时间副词连用。eg:.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper..Shewritestomeveryoften..Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.(3)表客观真理，格言警句或事实：.Theearthmovesroundthesun..Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest..Twoandtwomakesfour..Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤，熟能无过。(4)表将来：A.在由when，after,before，as，assoonas，although，because，if，evenif，incase，till，until，unless，solongas，where，whatever，wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。(黄金重点，所有考试都不放过它!)例如：.I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow..Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou..Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.(不错的句型，背下!!).I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.(很感人的句型!)B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。.Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening..Whendoestheplanetakeoff?.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek..Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.(按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。)【测试精编】1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'sbrother________anicejeep.A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is3.-________youthinkhewillcome-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrain4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinemaA.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go【练习答案】二．现在进行时：is/am/are+现在分词1．表示现在正在进行的动作。如.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?.Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuchYou'reputtingonweight(体重增加)。.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.2．表现阶段正进行的动作。.Heistakingphysicsthissemester(本学期)。.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.3．go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。.Look!Thebusiscoming.看!车来了!.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying..AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.4．与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用，表示说话人带有感*彩：赞赏或厌恶。.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他总是想着别人。).Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。).Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老师一直在批评她迟到。)5．下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。(此条戒律请背10遍!!!)believe(相信)，doubt(怀疑)，see(看见)，hear(听见)，know(知道)，understand(理解)，belong(属于)，think(认为)，consider(认为)，feel(觉得)，look(看起来)，seem(看上去)，show(显示)，mind(介意)，have(有)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)，require(要求)，possess(拥有)，care(关心)，like(喜欢)，hate(讨厌)，love(喜爱)，detest(憎恨)，desire(意欲)【简单记忆】●永远不要说I'mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.●可怕的是：我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错!●注意：haveaparty/thinkabout可以用进行时，因为这里have意为“举行”;think意为“考虑”。【测试精编】1.Howcanyou________Ifyouarenot________A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningC.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningtogirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.A.willfinishB.isfinishingC.hadfinishedD.finishes3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost(职位)________intheoffice.(此题超前)A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewingC.interviewingD.tobeinterviewing4.Theoldscientist________todomoreforthecountry.A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishingC.wishesD.hasbeenwished5.Ifhe________,don'twakehimup.A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleepingC.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill【练习答案】三．一般过去时1．表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring..IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool..Chinawasfoundedin1949.2．在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday..Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback..Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.3．一般过去时，现在时和过去时的几组差异：（别以为这很简单，下面的差异你不一定明白。）●Herbrotherwasachemist.（已去世）●Herbrotherisachemist.（尚健在）●That'sallIhadtosay.（话已说完）●That'sallIhavetosay.（言之未尽）●Itwassonicetoseeyou.（离别时用）●Itissonicetoseeyou.（见面时用）●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.（已是当天下午或晚上）●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.（仍是上午）［本句现在完成时，此乃后话！］测试精编I：（用所给动词的正确进态填空）。1.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.4.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.测试精编II：1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.A.continuedB.didn'tcontinueC.hadn'tcontinuedD.wouldcontinue2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey________ofhungerandcold.（without在这里表条件，你知道吗）A.woulddieB.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavedied3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth________aroundthesun.A.movedB.hasmovedC.willmoveD.moves4.Whenallthosepresent（到场者）________hebeganhislecture.（重点题）A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseated5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactI________not.A.haveB.wouldhaveC.hadD.hadhad练习答案：I,satII四.过去进行时1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening..WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV..Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.2．用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping..IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.3．过去某时将发生的事。可参考—2（4）.TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork..HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.练习题：1.Mybrother________whilehe________hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasridingB.feel/wereridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding2.He________hislegashe________inafootballmatch.A.broke/playedB.wasbreaking/wasplayingC.broke/wasplayingD.wasbreaking/played3.-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.-Ithoughtthathe________today.A.wascorningB.iscomingC.willcomeD.comes4.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho________in.A.comeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.hadcome5.Michikecouldn'tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe________inthelab.A.hadbeenworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.wasworkingD.worked练习答案：

1.A2.C3.A4.B5.C五．现在完成时1．表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet，just，before，recently，lately(最近)，ever，never等表时间的副词搭配使用。●Hehasn'tseenherlately.●Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.2．表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：sofar(迄今为止)，uptillnow(直到现在)，since,foralongtime(很长时间)，uptopresent(直到现在)，inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在过去的几年里)，thesedays(目前)…….Hehasworkedherefor15years..IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere..TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime..Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.3．某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。黄金要点：I.常见的非延续动词：die,arrive(到达)，join(加入)，leave(离开)，go,refuse(拒绝)，fail(失败)，finish，buy，marry，divorce(离婚)，awake(醒)，buy，borrow，lend...(背三遍!)II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。III.但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。●Shehasgoneawayforamonth.(误)●Shehasbeenawayforamonth(正)●Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(误)●Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(正)●Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook(误)●Howlonghaveyougotthebook.(正)4．注意since的用法：.Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere..Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime..Hehasbeenheresince1980..Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.5．几组对比：HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过上海。Shehasgone.她已走了。Sheisgone.她缺席了。(or她死了。)Thedoorhasbeenclosed.门关上了。(动作)Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。(状态)练习题1.Theprices________goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.arekeeping2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there________noraininthisarea.A.isB.willbeC.hasbeenD.havebeen3.TodayisJane'sweddingday.She________John.A.havejustmarriedwithB.wasjustmarriedtoC.hasjustbeenmarriedtoD.justhasbeenmarriedto4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they________anywaterforages.A.hadn'tB.haven'tC.haven'thadD.hadn'thad5.Nowadayscomputer________awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.A.foundB.hasfoundC.findsD.hadfound练习答案：1.C2.C3.C4.C5.B六.精要：五种基本句型1.主+谓(不及物动词)Mancanthink.Thefireisburning.不可忽视：常用不及物动词有break,breathe,burn,smoke,swim,skate,appear,disappear,work,thinketc.2.主+谓+表语(系动词)Hebecameascientist.Sheisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.不可忽视：常用系动词：be,get,turn,feel,seem,appear,looktaste,sound,smell,become,go,proveetc.3.主+谓+宾(及物动词)Welovepeace.Theywillpaintthedoor.常用动词有：see,watch,need,love,like,study,answer,carry,etc.4.主+谓+宾+宾补Weelectedhimpresident.Theypaintedthedoorwhite.Iadvisedthestudentstorecitethetexts.王牌重点：常用作宾补的形式：(请将每个例句大声朗读一遍)(1)名词：ThecouplenamedtheirbabyJohnson.(2)形容词：Ikeepthedooropen.(3)副词：Thenaughtyboyknockedthebottleover.(4)不定式：Heorderedhismentofire.(5)分词：Heheardmesinging.Isawthevasebroken.(6)介词短语：Theylookonhimasateacher.(7)名词性从句：Iaskedhimwhathewasdoing.5.(1)主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语Myfriendboughtmeagift.Ipassedhimthebook.(2)主+谓+直宾+介词+间宾Myfriendboughtagiftforme.Ipassedthebooktohim.七.过去完成时：had+过去分词1．表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。“过去的过去”。●TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.●TheplayhadbegunbeforeIgottothetheaterwithmyboyfriend.2．过去完成时常用于hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than等固定句型结构中。（此乃超级重点句型，意为：“一……就”）●Shehadhardly/scarcelygonetobedwhenthebellrang.●Nosoonerhadhearrivedattherailwaystationthanhemetherparents.(注意nosooner在句首时句型倒装。)3．intend（打算），mean（意味），hope（希望），want（想要），plan（计划）等动词的过去完成时用来表示本打算做而没有做的事。●Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.(……原想昨天去看你……)●Theyhadplanedtoholdafootballmatchlastweek,buttheyhadtocancelitbecausethebadweather.(……原计划上周举行一场足球赛……)练习：1.-Let'shurry!Thepresidentiscoming.-Oh,Iwasafraidthatwe________.A.alreadymisshimB.hadalreadymissedhimC.willmisshimalreadyD.havealreadymissedhim2.YourlettercamejustasI________myoffice.A.wasleavingB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.left3.I________mykeys,Ican'trememberwhereIlastsawthem.A.waslosingB.lostC.hadlostD.havelost4.Nobodyknewwheretheteacher________.A.hasgoneB.wouldhavegoneC.hadgoneD.wouldbegone5.Thesportsmen________trainingfor3hourswhenthecoachtoldthemtobreakoffforrest.A.havebeenB.areC.hadbeenD.were答案：1.B

2.A

3.D

4.C

5.C八.一般将来时：shall/will+动词原形1．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。●Hewillgraduatefromthecollegenextyear.●Weshallfinishourworkasquicklyaspossible.2．将来时的其它结构：（务必背下！）I.begoingtodosomething.打算做某事。(美国口语中常读作begonna)●I'mgoingtobuyanewcoatthisfall.[begoingto与will的对比：下列情况须用will]●I'llbesixteenyearsoldnextyear.●Itwillbethe20thofAugusttomorrow.●Whenhecomes,Iwillgivehimyourmessage.I.be+todosth.表示计划安排做某事或用来征求意见。●AmItotakeoverhiswork?

●Wearetomeetatthegate.III.beabouttodosth.即将做某事。●Thetalkisabouttobegin.3.重点补充：beonthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事setouttodosth.着手做某事setaboutdoingsth.开始做某事练习：1.-"Themeetingisscheduledtobeginat7o'clock."-"But________adelay."A.itwillbeB.there'dbeC.therewillbeD.thereis2.He'llleaveforParisbeforeyou________nextweek.A.willcomebackB.willbebackC.comebackD.cameback3.Ournextmeeting________on1stDecember.A.hasbeenheldB.willholdC.istobeheldD.isholding4.Where________awill,thereisaway.A.therewillhaveB.hasbeenthereC.thereisD.therehasbeen5.It________beWednesdaytomorrow.A.isgoingtoB.willC.isabouttoD.isto答案：1.C2.C3.C4.C5.B九.过去将来时：should/would+动词原形1.表示从过去某个时刻看将要发生的动作或状态。●Hesaidthattheywouldmeetmeatthestation.2.此用法常用于间接引语中。练习：1.Ontelevisionlastnightthenewscasterannouncedthattheleader________onSaturday.A.isarrivingB.willarriveC.wouldbearrivedD.wouldarrive2.Hetoldusthathewouldbeginthedictationwhenwe________ready.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wereD.are3.Myaunt________toseeus,shewouldbeheresoon.A.iscorningB.wascomingC.cameD.hadcame4.Theywouldbegivenanewhouseifmore________thenextyear.A.willbebuiltB.wouldbebuiltC.arebuiltD.werebuilt答案：1.D2.C3.B4.D十．过去完成进行时:hadbeen+现在分词表示过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。●ShesaidthatshehadbeentypingapaperbeforeIcamein.比较：.Thegirlhadcleaneduptheroom,soitwastidy..Thegirlhadbeenclearinguptheroom,sowehadtowaitoutside.练习：1.It________forfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.A.wasrainingB.wouldberainingC.hadbeenrainingD.hasrained2.Hetoldusthathe________theresince1982.A.hasbeenlivingB.hadbeenlivingC.wouldhavelivedD.wasliving3.HehadbeenlearningEnglishfor3yearsbeforehecamehereand________now.A.isstilllearningB.hadbeenlearningC.wasstilllearningD.hasbeenlearning4.Bytheendoflastweek,he________inthecompanyfor10years.A.hadworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.willhaveworkedD.wouldhaveworked5.Notuntilthendidpeopleknowthathe________importantmilitaryinformationtotheenemyforalongtime.A.soldB.wouldsellC.hadsoldD.hadbeenselling答案：1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D十一．过去将来进行时：should/wouldbe+现在分词表示从过去某时看将来某时正在进行的动作。.HeaskedmewhatIshouldbedoingwhenhecamethenextday.练习：1.Tomorrow,I________thebookallmorning.A.amreadingB.willbereadingC.willreadD.haveread2.-"Canyouattendthemeetingtonight"-"No,________themanageraboutsomethingurgent."A.IseeB.I'llhaveseenC.I'llbeseeingD.Icansee3.OfthemillionswhosawHaley'scometin1986,howmanypeople________longenoughtoseeitreturninthetwenty-firstcentury?A.willtheyliveB.theywillbelivingC.willliveD.living4.Hetoldusthathe________visitingJapanbythistimenextyear.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wasD.is5.It________whenyouwakeuptomorrowmorning.A.issnowingB.willsnowC.willbesnowingD.snows答案：1.B2.C3.C4.B5.C状语从句新概念英语语法中时间状语是个重点，也是难点。一般由when、as、while、before和after等连词所引导，每个引导词所表示的意思不同，相对应的时间关系，以及它在具体句子中时态、语态都不同。下面小编为大家总结了一些如何区分由不同连词所引导的时间状语从句的技巧。一、when、as、while引导的时间状语从句区分When、as、while皆有表示“当……的时候”。When既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词，且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。While强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。As侧重表示两个动作同时发生，或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例句：1、Whenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.今早当我丈夫走进饭厅时，把一些硬币掉到地上了。2、Whilewewerehavingbreakfast,ourlittleboyfoundtwocoinsonthefloor.当我们正吃早饭的时候，我们的小男孩在地上找到两枚硬币。3、Hejumpsashegoesalong.他边走边跳二、before和after引导的时间状语从句区分Before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，而after引导时间状语从句正好相反，它表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例句：1、Itwassometimebeforewerealizedthetruth.过了一段时间我们才意识到真相。2、Hegaveusourexercisebooksafterhehadcorrectedthem.他修改完以后才把练习本给我们。宾语从句新概念英语语法中宾语从句是一个重点和难点，小编为大家总结了8条that不省略的宾语从句：引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：1.宾语从句前有插入语。如：Wehope,onthecontrary,thathewillstayathomewithus.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。2.有间接宾语时。如：HetoldmethathewasleavingforJapan.他告诉我他要去日本。3.that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如：Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingandthat(不省略)allthechildrenliketoreadit.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。4.在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如：Ithinkitnecessarythatheshouldstayhere.我们认为他有必要留在这里。5.that从句单独回答问题时。如：—Whatdidhehear他听说了什么事—ThatKatehadpassedtheexam.(他听说)凯特考试及格了。6.在except等介词后。如：Hehasnospecialfaultexceptthathesmokestoomuch.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。7.位于句首时。如：Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.我相信我们队会赢。8.在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply,object)后。如：Herepliedthathedisagreed.他回答说他不同意。表示强调的方式1.用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调Armyfoughtabattleonthisveryspot.红军就在此地打过一仗。Notasinglepersonhasbeenintheofficethisafternoon.今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。2.用反身代词表示强调myselfwillseeheroffatthestation.我将亲自到车站为她送行。Youcandoitwellyourself.你自己能做好这件事情。3.用助词“do”表示强调babyisgenerallyhealthy，buteverynowandthenshedoescatchacold.那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。DobetoldyouIhadaheadache.务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。4.用副词“very”，“only”，“even”，“too”等表示强调drankittotheverylastdrop.他把它喝得一干二净。Onlyinthiswaycanwewipeouttheenemytroops.只有用这样的方法我们才能消灭敌军。Hedidn'tanswerevenmyletter.他甚至连我的信都未回。Iwilltoogo!我要去的!5.用“...andthat”，“...andthose”，“not...toomuch”，“否定加否定”等结构表示强调fulfilledthetask，andthatinafewdays.他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。Igavehersomepresents，andthosethedaybeforeyesterday.前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。Ican'tthankyoutoomuch.我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。Iamnotunfaithfultoyou.我对你无比忠诚。6.用短语“ineveryway”，“innoway”，“byallmeans”，“bynomeans”，“onlytoo”，“alltoo”，“buttoo”，“inheaven”，“intheworld”，“inhell”，“onearth”，“underthesun”等表示强调behaviourwasineverywayperfect.他的举止确实无可挑剔。Byallmeanstakeyoursonwithyou.你一定要把儿子带来。Thenewswasonlytootrue.这消息确实是事实。Itwasoveralltoosoon!此事的确了结得很快!Whereinheavenwereyouthen?当时你到底在哪里?Nobodyunderthesunwouldbuythatcar.确实没有人会买那辆车。7.用倒装句表示强调heis!他的确不诚实!Inwineisthetruth.酒后吐真言。8.用强调句型表示强调wastheheadmasterwhoopenedthedoorforme.正是校长为我开的门。Itwasyesterdaythatwecarriedoutthatexperiment.就是在昨天我们做了那个实验。比较级一、比较级前可用abit,alittle,rather,some(肯定句及请求或建议的问句中),any(否定句或疑问句中)表示“稍稍，一点”;用much,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot,lots,agoodbit等表示“……得多”;用still(只用于肯定句),even,yet等表示“更加”。如：Canyoumovealittlefarther你可以站稍远一点吗Doyoufeelanybettertoday你今天觉得好一点了吗Let’sgobycar.It’smuchcheaper.咱们开车去。这样便宜得多。Therearefarmorepeoplethanweexpected.人比我们预计的多得多。Heisfat，buthisbrotherisstillfatter.他很胖，但他哥哥更胖。注：在作定语的比较级形容词前一般只用far或much。如：Thatwasamuch/fareasierjob.这是件容易得多的工作。在修饰或代替复数可数名词的more前不可用much，而要用many。如：I’vemademanymoremistakesthanyouhave.我出的错比你多得多。二、表示确定程度的修饰语，如分数、倍数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词词组通常放在比较级前，也可由by引出而置于比较级之后。如：Chinaisone-sixthlargerthantheUnitedStates.中国比美国大六分之一。Theirhouseisaboutthreetimesbiggerthanours.他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。Heisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.他比他兄弟大三岁。三、最高级前可用thesecond,thevery,muchthe,(by)farthe,notquitethe,nearlythe,almostthe等修饰。如：Sheisbyfarthemostactivememberinourgroup.她是我们组最最活跃的成员。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.非洲是第二大洲。Thishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.这帽子差不多是最大的了。注意：very和much修饰最高级时的不同位置。Thisistheverybest.=Thisismuchthebest.这是最最好(难)的。四、倍数可以放在as…as的第一个as前作修饰语。如：Theirhouseisaboutthreetimesasbigasours.他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。一.不定式1.定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。2.形式：(以do为例)主动语态被动语态一般时todotobedone进行时tobedoing完成时tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行时tohavebeendoing3.用法：(1)用作主语：TospeakgoodEnglishisnoteasy.or:ItisnoteasytospeakgoodEnglish.(采用形式主语it以避免头重脚轻)Ittookmeanhourtodothework.(2)用作宾语：Shedecidedtotaketheexamination.Ihopetomeethimsoon.(3)宾语补足语：Theyexpectedustohelpthem.Hewantshissontostudyhard.金牌重点：不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词(see,hear,notice,watch,make,have,let...)，则不定式符号“to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。Iheardthemsingintheclassroom.Imadehercleantheroom.ThegirlisheardtosinganEnglishsong.(4)用作表语：Toteachistolearn.Hisjobistosellcars.(5)用作状语，表示目的，结果。WecometoschooltostudyEnglish.(目的)=inordertoIhurriedtothestore,onlytofinditclosed.(结果)(6)定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。Heaskedforapieceofpapertowriteiton.=towriteitonthepieceofpaper.Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.=toliveinthehouse.Haveyouanythingtodo?=todoanything动名词：1.动名词定义：具有名词性质，可在句中担任主语，宾语表语，定语，具有所有格作修饰语。2.形式：以do为例doing→beingdonehavingdone→havingbeendone3.用法：(1)主语：Savingiseasierthandoing.Hiscomingherewillbeagreathelp.Itisnousewaitinghere,hehasleft.Itisnogoodsmoking.Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.(简直无法和他相处)……以上例句皆必须要背诵!……(2)表语：Hisjobiskeepingthehallcleanaspossible.Seeingisbelieving.(3)宾语：a.动词宾语：Headmittedtakingthebook.Idomindyoursmokinghere.重磅要点，请读20遍：下列动词须跟动名词作宾语：admit,appreciate,avoid,complete,delay,deny,enjoy,fancy,finish,mind,practice,resent,risk,suggest,allow,permit...特注：以al