生物传感器的主要原理及应用课件

大家好2021/3/21大家好2021/3/21BIOSENSOR(Generalprinciplesandapplications)

JayantiTokas,PhD1;RubinaBegumPhD1;ShaliniJain,PhD2andHariomYadav,PhD2*1DepartmentofBiotechnology,JMIT,Radaur,India;2NIDDK,NationalInstituteofHealth,Bethesda,MD20892,USAEmail:2021/3/22BIOSENSOR(GeneralprinciplesaWhatisaBiosensor?2021/3/23WhatisaBiosensor?2021/3/23“Biosensor”–Anydevicethatusesspecificbiochemicalreactionstodetectchemicalcompoundsinbiologicalsamples.2021/3/24“Biosensor”–AnydevicethatCurrentDefinitionAsensorthatintegratesabiologicalelementwithaphysiochemicaltransducertoproduceanelectronicsignalproportionaltoasingleanalytewhichisthenconveyedtoadetector.2021/3/25CurrentDefinitionAsensorthaComponentsofaBiosensorDetector2021/3/26ComponentsofaBiosensorDetecFatheroftheBiosensorProfessorLelandCClarkJnr

1918–20052021/3/27FatheroftheBiosensorProfes1916 Firstreportonimmobilizationofproteins:adsorptionofinvertaseonactivatedcharcoal1922 FirstglasspHelectrode1956Clarkpublishedhisdefinitivepaperontheoxygen electrode.1962 Firstdescriptionofabiosensor:anamperometric enzyme electrodreforglucose(Clark)1969 GuilbaultandMontalvo–Firstpotentiometric biosensor:ureaseimmobilizedonanammonia electrodetodetecturea1970 Bergveld–ionselectiveFieldEffectTransistor(ISFET)1975 LubbersandOpitzdescribedafibre-opticsensorwith immobilisedindicatortomeasurecarbondioxideoroxygen. HistoryofBiosensors2021/3/281916 Firstreportonimmobi1975 Firstcommercialbiosensor(YellowspringsInstrumentsglucosebiosensor)1975 Firstmicrobebasedbiosensor,Firstimmunosensor1976 Firstbedsideartificialpancreas(Miles)1980 FirstfibreopticpHsensorforinvivobloodgases (Peterson)1982 Firstfibreoptic-basedbiosensorforglucose1983 Firstsurfaceplasmonresonance(SPR) immunosensor1984 Firstmediatedamperometricbiosensor: ferroceneusedwithglucoseoxidaseforglucose detectionHistoryofBiosensors2021/3/291975 Firstcommercialbiosen1987 Blood-glucosebiosensorlaunchedby MediSenseExacTech1990 SPRbasedbiosensorbyPharmaciaBIACore1992 Handheldbloodbiosensorbyi-STAT1996 LaunchingofGlucocard1998 BloodglucosebiosensorlaunchbyLifeScan FastTake1998 RocheDiagnosticsbyMergerofRocheand BoehringermannheimCurrent Quantomdots,nanoparicles,nanowire, nanotube,etcHistoryofBiosensors2021/3/2101987 Blood-glucosebiosensor1.LINEARITY

Linearityofthesensorshouldbehigh forthedetectionofhighsubstrate concentration.2.SENSITIVITY

Valueoftheelectroderesponseper substrateconcentration.3.SELECTIVITY

ChemicalsInterferencemustbe minimisedforobtainingthecorrect result.4.RESPONSETIME

Timenecessaryforhaving95% oftheresponse.BasicCharacteristicsofaBiosensor2021/3/2111.LINEARITY LinearityoftheBiosensorAnalyteSamplehandling/preparationDetectionSignalAnalysisResponse2021/3/212BiosensorAnalyteSamplehandlin1.TheAnalyte

(Whatdoyouwanttodetect)

Molecule-Protein,toxin,peptide,vitamin,sugar,metalion2.Samplehandling

(Howtodelivertheanalytetothesensitiveregion?)

(Micro)fluidics-Concentrationincrease/decrease), Filtration/selection

Biosensor2021/3/2131.TheAnalyte(Whatdoyouwa4.Signal

(Howdoyouknowtherewasadetection)3.Detection/Recognition

(Howdoyouspecificallyrecognizetheanalyte?)Biosensor2021/3/2144.Signal3.Detection/RecognitExampleofbiosensorsPregnancytest

DetectsthehCGproteininurine.Glucosemonitoringdevice(fordiabetespatients)

Monitorstheglucoselevelintheblood.2021/3/215ExampleofbiosensorsPregnancyExampleofbiosensorsInfectousdiseasebiosensorfromRBSOldtimecoalminers’biosensor2021/3/216ExampleofbiosensorsInfectousResearchBiosensorsBiacoreBiosensorplatform2021/3/217ResearchBiosensorsBiacoreBioFluorescenceDNAMicroarraySPRSurfaceplasmonresonanceImpedancespectroscopySPM(Scanningprobemicroscopy,AFM,STM)QCM(Quartzcrystalmicrobalance)SERS(SurfaceEnhancedRamanSpectroscopy)ElectrochemicalTypicalSensingTechniquesforBiosensors2021/3/218FluorescenceTypicalSensingTeTypesofBiosensorsCalorimetricBiosensorPotentiometricBiosensorAmperometricBiosensorOpticalBiosensorPiezo-electricBiosensor2021/3/219TypesofBiosensorsCalorimetrPiezo-ElectricBiosensorsThechangeinfrequencyisproportionaltothemassofabsorbedmaterial.Piezo-electricdevicesusegoldtodetectthespecificangleatwhichelectronwavesareemittedwhenthesubstanceisexposedtolaserlightorcrystals,suchasquartz,whichvibrateundertheinfluenceofanelectricfield.

2021/3/220Piezo-ElectricBiosensorsThecElectrochemicalBiosensors

Forappliedcurrent:Movementofe-inredoxreactionsdetectedwhenapotentialisappliedbetweentwoelectrodes.2021/3/221ElectrochemicalBiosensorsForPotentiometricBiosensor

Forvoltage:Changeindistributionofchargeisdetectedusingion-selectiveelectrodes,suchaspH-meters.2021/3/222PotentiometricBiosensor

ForvOpticalBiosensorsColorimetricforcolor

MeasurechangeinlightadsorptionPhotometricforlightintensityPhotonoutputforaluminescentorfluorescentprocesscanbedetectedwithphotomultipliertubesorphotodiodesystems.2021/3/223OpticalBiosensorsColorimetricCalorimetricBiosensorsIftheenzymecatalyzedreactionisexothermic,twothermistorsmaybeusedtomeasurethedifferenceinresistancebetweenreactantandproductand,hence,theanalyteconcentration.2021/3/224CalorimetricBiosensorsIftheElectrochemicalDNABiosensorStepsinvolvedinelectrochemicalDNAhybridizationbiosensors:FormationoftheDNArecognitionlayerActualhybridizationeventTransformationofthehybridizationeventintoanelectricalsignal2021/3/225ElectrochemicalDNABiosensorSMotivatedbytheapplicationtoclinicaldiagnosisandgenomemutationdetectionTypesDNABiosensorsElectrodesChipsCrystalsDNAbiosensor2021/3/226MotivatedbytheapplicationtWearableBiosensorsRingSensorSmartShirt2021/3/227WearableBiosensorsRingSensorBiosensorsontheNanoscaleMolecularsheathsaroundthenanotubearedevelopedthat respondtoaparticularchemicalandmodulatethe nanotube'sopticalproperties.Alayerofolfactoryproteinsonananoelectrodereactwith low-concentrationodorants(SPOT-NOSEDProject). Doctorscanusetodiagnosediseasesatearlierstages.Nanospherelithography(NSL)derivedtriangularAg nanoparticlesareusedtodetectstreptavidindownto onepicomolarconcentrations.TheSchoolofBiomedicalEngineeringhasdevelopedananti- bodybasedpiezoelectricnanobiosensortobeusedfor anthrax,HIVhepatitisdetection.2021/3/228BiosensorsontheNanoscaleMoPotentialApplicationsClinicaldiagnosticsFoodandagriculturalprocessesEnvironmental(air,soil,andwater)monitoringDetectionofwarfareagents.2021/3/229PotentialApplicationsClinicFoodAnalysisStudyofbiomoleculesandtheirinteractionDrugDevelopmentCrimedetectionMedicaldiagnosis(bothclinicalandlaboratoryuse)EnvironmentalfieldmonitoringQualitycontrolIndustrialProcessControlDetectionsystemsforbiologicalwarfareagents

ManufacturingofpharmaceuticalsandreplacementorgansApplicationofBiosensor2021/3/230ApplicationofBiosensor2021/3Biosensorsplayapartinthefieldofenvironmentalquality,medicineandindustrymainlybyidentifyingmaterialandthedegreeofconcentrationpresent2021/3/231Biosensorsplayapartinthe2021/3/2322021/3/232大家好2021/3/233大家好2021/3/21BIOSENSOR(Generalprinciplesandapplications)

JayantiTokas,PhD1;RubinaBegumPhD1;ShaliniJain,PhD2andHariomYadav,PhD2*1DepartmentofBiotechnology,JMIT,Radaur,India;2NIDDK,NationalInstituteofHealth,Bethesda,MD20892,USAEmail:2021/3/234BIOSENSOR(GeneralprinciplesaWhatisaBiosensor?2021/3/235WhatisaBiosensor?2021/3/23“Biosensor”–Anydevicethatusesspecificbiochemicalreactionstodetectchemicalcompoundsinbiologicalsamples.2021/3/236“Biosensor”–AnydevicethatCurrentDefinitionAsensorthatintegratesabiologicalelementwithaphysiochemicaltransducertoproduceanelectronicsignalproportionaltoasingleanalytewhichisthenconveyedtoadetector.2021/3/237CurrentDefinitionAsensorthaComponentsofaBiosensorDetector2021/3/238ComponentsofaBiosensorDetecFatheroftheBiosensorProfessorLelandCClarkJnr

1918–20052021/3/239FatheroftheBiosensorProfes1916 Firstreportonimmobilizationofproteins:adsorptionofinvertaseonactivatedcharcoal1922 FirstglasspHelectrode1956Clarkpublishedhisdefinitivepaperontheoxygen electrode.1962 Firstdescriptionofabiosensor:anamperometric enzyme electrodreforglucose(Clark)1969 GuilbaultandMontalvo–Firstpotentiometric biosensor:ureaseimmobilizedonanammonia electrodetodetecturea1970 Bergveld–ionselectiveFieldEffectTransistor(ISFET)1975 LubbersandOpitzdescribedafibre-opticsensorwith immobilisedindicatortomeasurecarbondioxideoroxygen. HistoryofBiosensors2021/3/2401916 Firstreportonimmobi1975 Firstcommercialbiosensor(YellowspringsInstrumentsglucosebiosensor)1975 Firstmicrobebasedbiosensor,Firstimmunosensor1976 Firstbedsideartificialpancreas(Miles)1980 FirstfibreopticpHsensorforinvivobloodgases (Peterson)1982 Firstfibreoptic-basedbiosensorforglucose1983 Firstsurfaceplasmonresonance(SPR) immunosensor1984 Firstmediatedamperometricbiosensor: ferroceneusedwithglucoseoxidaseforglucose detectionHistoryofBiosensors2021/3/2411975 Firstcommercialbiosen1987 Blood-glucosebiosensorlaunchedby MediSenseExacTech1990 SPRbasedbiosensorbyPharmaciaBIACore1992 Handheldbloodbiosensorbyi-STAT1996 LaunchingofGlucocard1998 BloodglucosebiosensorlaunchbyLifeScan FastTake1998 RocheDiagnosticsbyMergerofRocheand BoehringermannheimCurrent Quantomdots,nanoparicles,nanowire, nanotube,etcHistoryofBiosensors2021/3/2421987 Blood-glucosebiosensor1.LINEARITY

Linearityofthesensorshouldbehigh forthedetectionofhighsubstrate concentration.2.SENSITIVITY

Valueoftheelectroderesponseper substrateconcentration.3.SELECTIVITY

ChemicalsInterferencemustbe minimisedforobtainingthecorrect result.4.RESPONSETIME

Timenecessaryforhaving95% oftheresponse.BasicCharacteristicsofaBiosensor2021/3/2431.LINEARITY LinearityoftheBiosensorAnalyteSamplehandling/preparationDetectionSignalAnalysisResponse2021/3/244BiosensorAnalyteSamplehandlin1.TheAnalyte

(Whatdoyouwanttodetect)

Molecule-Protein,toxin,peptide,vitamin,sugar,metalion2.Samplehandling

(Howtodelivertheanalytetothesensitiveregion?)

(Micro)fluidics-Concentrationincrease/decrease), Filtration/selection

Biosensor2021/3/2451.TheAnalyte(Whatdoyouwa4.Signal

(Howdoyouknowtherewasadetection)3.Detection/Recognition

(Howdoyouspecificallyrecognizetheanalyte?)Biosensor2021/3/2464.Signal3.Detection/RecognitExampleofbiosensorsPregnancytest

DetectsthehCGproteininurine.Glucosemonitoringdevice(fordiabetespatients)

Monitorstheglucoselevelintheblood.2021/3/247ExampleofbiosensorsPregnancyExampleofbiosensorsInfectousdiseasebiosensorfromRBSOldtimecoalminers’biosensor2021/3/248ExampleofbiosensorsInfectousResearchBiosensorsBiacoreBiosensorplatform2021/3/249ResearchBiosensorsBiacoreBioFluorescenceDNAMicroarraySPRSurfaceplasmonresonanceImpedancespectroscopySPM(Scanningprobemicroscopy,AFM,STM)QCM(Quartzcrystalmicrobalance)SERS(SurfaceEnhancedRamanSpectroscopy)ElectrochemicalTypicalSensingTechniquesforBiosensors2021/3/250FluorescenceTypicalSensingTeTypesofBiosensorsCalorimetricBiosensorPotentiometricBiosensorAmperometricBiosensorOpticalBiosensorPiezo-electricBiosensor2021/3/251TypesofBiosensorsCalorimetrPiezo-ElectricBiosensorsThechangeinfrequencyisproportionaltothemassofabsorbedmaterial.Piezo-electricdevicesusegoldtodetectthespecificangleatwhichelectronwavesareemittedwhenthesubstanceisexposedtolaserlightorcrystals,suchasquartz,whichvibrateundertheinfluenceofanelectricfield.

2021/3/252Piezo-ElectricBiosensorsThecElectrochemicalBiosensors

Forappliedcurrent:Movementofe-inredoxreactionsdetectedwhenapotentialisappliedbetweentwoelectrodes.2021/3/253ElectrochemicalBiosensorsForPotentiometricBiosensor

Forvoltage:Changeindistributionofchargeisdetectedusingion-selectiveelectrodes,suchaspH-meters.2021/3/254PotentiometricBiosensor

ForvOpticalBiosensorsColorimetricforcolor

MeasurechangeinlightadsorptionPhotometricforlightintensityPhotonoutputforaluminescentorfluorescentprocesscanbedetectedwithphotomultipliertubesorphotodiodesystems.2021/3/255OpticalBiosensorsColorimetricCalorimetricBiosensorsIftheenzymecatalyzedreactionisexothermic,twothermistorsmaybeusedtomeasurethedifferenceinresistancebetweenreactantandproductand,hence,theanalyteconcentration.2021/3/256CalorimetricBiosensorsIftheElectrochemicalDNABiosensorStepsinvolvedinelectrochemicalDNAhybridizationbiosensors:FormationoftheDNArecognitionlayerActualhybridizationeventTransformationofthehybridizationeventintoanelectricalsignal2021/3/257ElectrochemicalDNABiosensorSMotivatedbytheapplicationtoclinicaldiagnosisandgenomemutationdetectionTypesDNABiosensorsElectrodesChipsCrystalsDNAbiosensor2021/3/258Motivatedbytheapplic