(完整版)徐寿昌主编《有机化学》(第二版)-课后1-13章习题答案

27662766CH36425314135220102030200104C001C010400103010201030101HHH00HHHHHH3CC2H5CH3C2H5HCH3HCH3CH3H?不等同的异构体属于何种异构?HCH3CH3HCH3CH3HHHHC2H5C2H5CH3CH3CCH3CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH3CHCH2CH3CH3CH3CCH3CH3CH2CH2CH3（2）计算链增长一步△H值。CH3CH2·+Cl2CH3CH2·+·Cl2CH3CH2·（2）CH3CH3+·Cl△H1=+4Jk/molCH3CH2·+HClCH3CH2Cl+Cl·CH3CH2ClCH3CH2·+HClCH3CH2·+Cl2CH3CH2Cl△H=△H1+△H2=-104Jk/mol+·Cl△H2=-106Jk/molCl22Cl·△H1Cl·+CH4CH3Cl+H·△H2H·+Cl2HCl+·Cl△H3(1)计算各步△H值：(1)△H1＝+243Jk/mole△H2＝435-349＝+86Jk/mole△H3＝243-431＝-188Jk/mol(2)因为这个反应历程△H2＝435-349＝+86Jk/mole而2.7节CH3CH3+·ClCH3CH2·+HCl+435Jk/mol-431Jk/mol△H1=+4Jk/mol△H2〉△H1，故2.7节所述历程更易于进行。.CH3CHCH2CH3.CH2=CHCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3CH3CH3CH3CHCH2CH=CH2CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3HCHCCCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH3CH2CH3CH2CH3HH烯CH3HCH3HCH3HHCH2CH3HHHHHHOBr(H2O+Br2)CH3CHCCH2CH3Cl2(低温）CH3CHO3锌粉-醋酸溶液OH+<CH3CHCH3<<CHH+<CH3CHCH3<<CH3CHCH3<++++++CH3CHCH3CH3+CH3CCH3+CH3CH3CCH3CH3CH3CCH3+CH3OH2CH3+CH3CH3CH3CH3+CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3H2OCCHCH3CH3CCHCH3+OH2CH3CH3CH3CCHCH3OCH3CH2CH=CH2ClCH2ClCH2B2H6NaOH,H2O2烷CH3CH=CH2+HBrCH3CHCH3CH3CH=CH2+HBrROORCH3CH2CH2BrH+CH3CH=CH2+H2OCH3CHCH3CH3CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH=CH2+NH34700CCH2=CHCN[CH2-CH]nCH3CH=CH2+Cl2ClCH2CH=CH2HOClCH3CHCH2CH3CH3CH3CHCH2CH3AZn/CH3COOH/H2OCH3CCH3+CH3CHOOCH3CH3CH2C=CCH2CH3CH3CHCH=CHCH2CH3OHCH2=CHCH2CH2CCH3CH3(CH3)2CHCCCH(CH3)2CH3CCH2CH3AgCCCH2CH3Br2HOCH3CH2CH2CH3热KMnO4溶液2CH3COOHOAgNO3氨溶液CHCCH3CH3COCH3（1）CH2=CHCH32.H2O2,NaOHCH3CHCH3（2）CH3CCCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2BrOO（4）[CH2C=CHCH2]nCH3CH2CH3CH2BrCH3COCH2CH3CH3CH2CHCH3CH=CH2CH3CHCNa+CH3CH2CH2CH2BrCHCCH2CH2CH2CH3OCHCNa+CH2=CHCH2BrCHCCH2CH=CH2CH3CCH2CH=CH2OOClCNCl2Br2/CCl4CH3CHCH=CH2CH3CH=CHCH2CH3CH=CHCH2BrCH=CH2CH3CH3（3）（5）CH3烷CH3（7）螺[2.5]-4-辛烯CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3HHHH（2）CH3CH2CHCH3IO3OO2Br2CH2=CHCOOC2H5COOC2H5CH3CH3Br（3）适量的高锰酸钾氧化能生成β－羧基己二酸，根据以上事实，推测该二聚体的结构，并写出各CH=CH2CH2CH3HOOCCCH2CHCH2CH2COOHO3Zn,H2OCH3CH2CCH+2Br2CH3CH2C(Cl2)CH3CH3CH2C(Cl2)CH3CH3CH2CCH+H2OHgSO4,H2SO4CH3CH2CH2CHOOCH3CH2CCH+AgNO3CH3CH2CCAgCH2CH2CH3CH(CH3)2CH3CH3CH2CH3CH3C2H5CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3NO2NO2CH3CH3CH3NO2CH3OHC2H5C2H5CH2ClNO2NO2Br2/CCl4,FeCH2CH3NO2C2H5C2H5OCH3OCH3OCH3COOHNO2NO2NO2CH3CH3CH3SO2ClAlCl3KMnO4,H2SO4C2H5COCH3CH3CH2Cl,AlCl3CH2CH3Cl2,FeCOCH3COCH3CH2CH3+CH2CH3CH3CH3CH3>CH3CH3>CH3CH3>CH3>>>CH3>>>>++HNO3,H2SO4NO2CH3CH3HNO3,H2SO4OCH3OCH3HNO3,H2SO4OCH3HNO3,H2SO4ClClCH2（2）CH2CH3HCH3CH2ClCH3（4）CH3CH2CH3COCH2CH3CH2CH2CH3ONOONO2+COAlCl3COHNO3H2SO4HNO3A:C2H5CCCHH2,CatCH3OCH3CH3+-+-+++--H+O2NHOCH3HNO2+HNO2+HNO2++O2N+HO2NHOCH3+HOCH3HHO2NH（1）α－萘磺酸（2）β－萘胺（3）β－蒽醌磺酸OCOOCCH2CONO2HNO3+CH3NO2OCH3OOOCOCOα－萘磺酸α－硝基萘1－溴萘四氢萘β－萘磺酸CH3Cl2,hvCH2ClHNO3Cl2FeCH2(C6H5)3CHO2,V2O5OCHNO3OCOCH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3HCH3HCH3CH3HCH3CH(CH3)2CH(CH3)2HHHCH3HHHHHHCH2CH3CH3CH2HHCH2CH3HHCH3CH2CH2CH3H（2）CH3CH3HHCH3HCH3CH3HHHCHCH3SCH3CH3HHCH3CH3CH3HHC2H5C2H5SHSCH3C2H5HCH3C2H5SCH3HBrCHCH3C2H5HCHFHCH3HHDHHRRHHSRCH3C3H7C2H5HHOCH3CH3C2H5HCH3ClCH2CH2CHCH2CH3CH2CH2ClCH2CH2ClC2H5CH3CH3CHCHCH2CH3HHC2H5C2H5CH3C2H5HHCH3CH3CH2CCH2CH3HA:CH3CH2CCH2CH=CH2CH3CH3C:CH3CH2CHCH2CH2CH3CH3或HCH2=CHCCH2CH2CH3CH3CH3CH3A:CH2O3+OCCCH2CH3CH3CHBrCHCHCH3CH3CH2=CHCH2ClCH2BrCH3CH2CH2BrCL2C=CH2CCl2F2HCCl3(2)CH3CH=CH2(3)CH3CH=CH2+Cl25000CCH3CH2CH2BrH2O(KOH)CH3CH2CH2OHClCH2CH=CH2Cl2+H2OClCH2CHCH2ClCH3CHCHCH3CHCH3CH3CHCHCH3CH3ClCH2=C(CH3)2ICH3NH3CH3CHCHCH3NH2(8)CH3CHCH3CH3CHCH3AgNO3/C2H5OHONO2HCH2OC2H5CH2I（5）CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2（4）CH3CH2CH2CH2I（6）CH3CH2CH2CH2CNCH3CCCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2CH3CH=CHCl淀CH2=CHCH2ClCH3CH2CH2Cl淀淀CH3(a)(CH3)3CBr,>CH3CH2CHBr>CH3CH2CH2CH2Br,>CH2CH2Br(a)CH3CH2CH2Br>(CH3)2CHCH2BrCH3(b)CH3CH2CH2CH2Br>CH3CH2CHBr>(CH3)3CCH2Br>(CH3)3CBrCH3CHBrOCH3CH3CHBrCH3CHBr(CH3)3Br>(CH3)2CHBr），CH3CHCH3CH3CH2CH2OH(CH3)2C=CH2(CH3CH2CH2)3B（3）KOH/C2H5OHBr2CH3CHBrCH2Br2KOH,C2H5OH2HClCH3CCl2CH3CH2=CHCH=CH2BrCHCH2=CHCH=CH2BrCH2CH=CHCH2BrCH3CH=CH2CH3CHClCH2Cl